INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

1327-1336

Authors: Mohammed I. Walash, Safaa Toubar, Maha M. Abou.El-Alamin, Maha A. Elabd, Nahla N. Salama*

Green spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of travoprost(TRAVO) were designed and investigated. Spectrophotometric methods are based on measuring the absorbance of the drug in water and in presence of 1.5 mL of 1.0% (w/v) beta-cyclodextrin (ẞ-CD) at 277 nm. The absorbance concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of, 10 – 50 μg/mL and 2.5 – 30 μg/mL with limits of detections; 0.018 and 0.009 μg/mL in absence and presence of ẞ-CD respectively. The fluorescence enhancement of a highly sensitive spectrofluorometric method is based on investigation of the fluorescence spectral behavior of travoprost in aqueous organized system, ẞ-CD. In aqueous solution travoprost is well incorporated into ẞ-CD, with enhancement of its native fluorescence. The fluorescence was measured at 305 nm after excitation at 277 nm. Fluorscence spectroscopy of the host – guest interaction between travoprost and ẞ-CD shows 1:1 inclusion complex with ẞ-CD, with an association constant of 21.86 M-1 . The quantum yield was 0.16 and 0.20 in absence and present of ß-CD. The fluorescence-concentration plots are rectilinear over the range of 10 – 250 and 2.5 – 35 ng/mL, with lower detection limits of, 0.003 and 0.002 ng/mL respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical preparation and the results were in good agreement with those obtained with the official HPLC method. The proposed methods are inexpensive, simple, and sensitive for quality control of the drug in QC laboratories. Keywords: Travoprost, spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, ßeta-cyclodextrin, inclusion complex, validation

1341-1344

Authors: S. Selvakumar* and A. Prashanth.

Crossandra infundibuliformis belongs to the family of Acanthaceae. It is a plant which is important in South Indian horticulture industry. This plant is found abundantly in tropical areas such as India and Sri Lanka. It grows 2m in height and can withstand high temperature which makes it to survive in very high humidity. Due to its medicinal value, various parts of this plant are used for many types of treatment. Medicinal plant based drugs have the added advantage of being simple effective and offering a broad spectrum of activity with greater emphasis on preventive action . Several phytochemical screening studies have been carried out in different parts of the world . Hence it is of interest to investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological efficacy of the plant is paramount importance it may provide many emerging insights. Therefore, n-hexane, petroleum ether and butyl alcohol extracts of whole of C. infundibuliformis have been investigated.The results of the present study reveals that the presence of various secondary metabolites. Key words: Preventive medicine, Phytochemicals, petroleum ether,Alkaloids, C.infundibuliformis.

1349-1352

Authors: S. Selvakumar* and Barnali Sarkar.

Annona squamosa which is commonly known as custard apple in English and seetha pazham in tamil litrature having various biological and pharmacological activities. More pharmacological investigation should be performed using the latest technique to discover the efficacy of the plant. The secondary metabolites in Chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of A.squamosa were undertaken. Plants are rich in a variety of phytochemicals including tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties . Although the mechanism of action and efficacy of these herbal extracts in most cases is still needed to be validated scientifically, these preparations mediate important host responses. The results of the present study indicate that the presence of various Phytochemicals in this plants. Key words: Traditional medicines, Secondary metabolites, A.squamosa, Pharmacology, steroids

1362-1367

Authors: Suresh Reddy Yanala* and D. Sathyanarayana

The objective of the present research work was comparative and quantitative determination of quercetin and rutin in Tribulus terrestirs fruits from different geographical regions and seasons by using HPLC. The Tribulus terrestris fruit samples collected from three different geographical regions of south India in June and December months. In the current HPLC analysis flavonoids in Tribulus terrestris Linn fruits were quantified at 360 nm with help of peak area by comparing to a calibration curve of standard samples of quercetin and ruin. The study concluded that Tribulus terrestris fruit samples collected in June season showed maximum amount of rutin and quercetin content and fruit samples collected in December season shown lesser percentage of flavonoid compounds. This research also conforms fruits collected from various geographical regions showed variation in the concentration of flavonoid compounds of rutin and quercetin. The HPLC results also showed that the methanolic extracts of Tribulus terrestris fruits collected in June and December months showed remarkable variation in elution of diverse types of chemical constituents with differences in the retention time. Key Words: Tribulus terrestris, South India, Seasonal and Geographical variations, Quercetin and Rutin

1383-1391

Authors: Le Trung Hieu, Huynh Thi Ngoc Diep, Le Hoang Duy , Pham Cam Nam, Nguyen Minh Nhung, Le Lam Son, Tran Thi Van Thi *

Antioxidant potential of seven medicinal plants through total phenolic content using Folin - Ciocalteu’s method has been studied in which five phenolic compounds were quantified by HPLC and their antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity methods. Moreover, the correlation between their total phenolic content and chemical compositions with total antioxidant capacity was also analyzed. The data resulted from DPPH radical scavenging activities indicated that they displayed the good activities with low IC50 values. Importantly, L. rubra had the highest activities, approximately 32 times less than that of curcumin. Basex on the total antioxidant activity and HPLC analysis, the antioxidant capacity of H. parasitica wass found the highest among seven medicinal plants. The amount of the five phenolic compounds is closely correlated with either total phenolic compounds or total antioxidant capacity. Obviously, phenolic compounds were significantly contributed to their antioxidant capacity. In addition, the amount of methyl gallate could be used as a Marker for the evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity or total phenolic content, s experimental showing that these medicinal plants are considered as new promising resources of natural antioxidants. Keywords: Microdesmis casearifolia, Helixanthera parasitica, Pyrostegia venusta, Spilanthes oleracea, Leea rubra, Archidendron clypearia, Archidendron bauchei, antioxidant activity

1404-1408

Authors: Abdolreza Gilavand

Introduction: The most important guarantor of the success of the health system development plan is the attention paid to health services providers, including nurses. Studying satisfaction can help designers and its implementing agents to better understand its strengths and weaknesses and improve it. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction of nurses from the health system development plan in hospitals and treatment educational centers affiliated to Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This is a simple overview conducted in 2018. Research data has been collected through the search of published articles in Internet resources and scientific databases, and through the searching three terms "health system development plan, nurses and satisfaction" without any limitation of language and time. Findings: This research showed that many nurses are not satisfied with the implementation of the health development plan in Iran. Of course, in some cases, the satisfaction was moderate. However, in a recent review research, based on patients' opinions, it has been shown that the plan has been able to satisfy patients. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the novelty of the plan and extension of its dimensions, and in order to reduce nurses' dissatisfaction in cases such as increase in the number of clients, the number of watches and inappropriate accommodation facilities, it is suggested that some working procedures such as the establishment of an integrated distribution system for patients, employment, maintenance and returning specialist forces and allocating appropriate space as nurses' pavilion. Keywords: Health System Development Plan, Satisfaction, Nurses, Iran.

1416-1424

Authors: Mitta Chaitanya*and Dr. P. Narayana Raju

Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. Microencapsulation is a process of applying relatively thin coatings to small particles of solids or droplets of liquids and dispersions. It provides the means of converting liquids to solids, of altering colloidal and surface properties, of providing environmental protection and of controlling the release characteristics or availability of coated materials. Batches of microcapsules were prepared by ionotropic gelation method which involved reaction between sodium alginate and polycationic ions like calcium to produce a hydrogel network of calcium alginate. Sodium alginate and the mucoadhesive polymer were dispersed in purified water (10 ml) to form a homogeneous polymer mixture. Torsemide microcapsules were prepared with Eudragit RL 100 and Eudragit RS 100 by using solvent evaporation method.Preformulation and evaluation studies were performed for all the microcapsules. The in vitro dissolution studies were performed using USP type I dissolution apparatus at 100 rpm. Invivo clinical studies were conducted. Microcapsules prepared with ion tropic gelation method T-F7 formulation shown maximum drug release. DSC and FTIR studies were also performed. Keywords: Hypertension, Torsemide microcapsules, ionotropic gelation method.

1434-1438

Authors: S. Renugadevi, B. Reshma, U.Sasi Nageswari, M.Vairarasiya

Authentication depending on keyword is heavily used in the purpose of system privateness and safeguard. Whereas people activity such as selecting worst keywords and typing those keywords is an uncertain approach are considered as the weakest loop in the verification sequence. As a substitute of superficial captcha strings, customer aims to select keyword, one of two small or essential for basic recognition. With net functions growth human can approach numerous gadgets. This transformation brings enormous advantage but also enlarges the possibility of displaying keywords to shoulder surfing intrusion. Raiders can recognize precisely or adopt foreign documentation equipments to assemble customer diploma. To overcome this problem a unique verification scheme passmatrix depend on graphical keywords to abide shoulder surfing intrusion is proposed. Along with a single-time logical gauge a spheroid plane and a steep crossbar sheltering the unified outlook of pass-images, passmatrix attempts negative due for the raiders to resolve or abate the keyword although they plan different camcorder-based aggression. From this analysis outcome, the planned structure carryout improved production to shoulder surfing raid during preserving applicability. Keywords: Shoulder surfing, Graphical password, Key logger, Sector base, Authentication

1448-1460

Authors: Y. Krishna Reddy*, Ramya Sri Sura, P. Lakshmi Prasanna, P.Nagajyothi, Neha Simran, P. Poojitha

The aim of the present study was to develop Sustained release formulation of Fesoterodine Fumarate to maintain constant therapeutic levels of the drug for over 12 hrs. Here different types of polymers (Locust Bean Gum, Gum Cyamposis, Corn Sugar Gum) were used. Fesoterodine Fumarate dose was fixed as 8 mg. Total weight of the tablet was considered as 100 mg. Polymers were used in the concentration of 10, 20 and 30 mg concentration. All the formulations were passed various physicochemical evaluation parameters and they were found to be within limits. Whereas from the dissolution studies it was evident that Among all formulations F2 formulation was considered as optimised formulation. It was shown 99.65% drug release at 12hrs. The optimised formulation F2 was followed Higuchi release kinetics. Keywords: Fesoterodine Fumarate, Locust Bean Gum, Gum Cyamposis, Corn Sugar Gum, Sustained release tablets, Natural Polymers.

1470-1477

Authors: Sudarshan Jagtap*, Deepak Sawant, Prashant Salunke, Dr. Nayan Gujarathi, Amit Jadhav, Abhishek Sagade

Traditionally Used solutions for the treatment of Cuts , Open wounds ,Abrasions of skin , Incisions are only having the antiseptic ( antimicrobial ) activity but they do not stop the bleeding; hence to overcome this problem we are developed a formulation by formulating the number of batches by designing the23 factorial design of herbals Azadirachta indica (Neem) ,Curcuma longa (Turmeric) and Acacia catechu (Kattha) to act as a antiseptic and hemostatic by applying solution on the cuts and wounds . The plants have been reported in the literature as having good antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and Hemostatics (Astringent) Activity. The prepared formulation was evaluated for various parameters like appearance, colour, pH, Consistency, Viscosity and antimicrobial activity. The formulation of Batch# F4 was compared with the marketed preparation Betadine (5 % Povidone Iodine). It is a very good attempt to establish the herbal antiseptic-Hemostatic Solution containing Extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) ,Curcuma longa (Turmeric) and Acacia catechu (Kattha) . Antiseptic-Hemostatic Solution was successfully designed and developed after extensive manufacturing and evaluation process by specialized techniques for evaluation of antiseptic –hemostatic activity in vitro. Keywords: Azadirachta indica , Curcuma longa , Acacia catechu, Antiseptic, Hemostatic.

1486-1497

Authors: Tene Sivaganesh, K. Ramasrinivas, T. SivaRao*,U. SeshamRaju, Arun Mendiratta

Stability-indicating RP-UPLC methods have been developed for determination and validation of related substances in Levetiracetam bulk drug samples. The method shows adequate separation of Levetiracetam from and their associated related substances and degradation products. An efficient Separation of Levetiracetam related substances and degraded products were achieved by using New Waters HSS T3 column with (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) dimensions. The buffer Ortho phosphoric Acid at pH 2.0 and Acetonitrile initial gradient was taken in (95.0:5.0 v/v) with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and Wavelength at 210 nm. Run time of the method was found to be 6.0 min. The linear regression analysis data for calibration plots show good linear relationship with 0.999. The limit of detection and limit of quantification are determined for Levetiracetam chloramide, Levetiracetam acid and Levetiracetam 0.01%, 0.002%, 0.002% and 0.03%, 0.005%, 0.004% respectively. The signal to noise ratios was found more than 3.4 and 10.5 for all components determined in the method. Intra and Inter-day precision is less than 2.5%. The % recovery of Levetiracetam impurities are between 90.2 – 114.5 %. The drug is subjected to different stress conditions and the resulting degradation products obtained did not interfere with the detection of Levetiracetam. Keywords: Levetiracetam, Levetiracetam Chloramide, Levetiracetam Acid, RP-UPLC, Validation

1511-1520

Authors: Mudiganti Ram Krishna Rao* and N. Vijaya Lakshmi

The use of plants as sources of medicines is an age old practice. The present study deals with the phyto-chemical and GC MS analysis of different extracts of one medicinal plant, Sphaeranthus indicus. The results indicated the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids in methanol and water extracts. Triterpenoids and saponins were present in ethanol and water extracts. Tannins were present in methanol and water extracts whereas steroids were present in ethanol and methanol fractions. Amino acids and anthraquinons were present in water and cardiac glycosides in ethanol fractions. The GC MS results of methanol and water extracts indicated the presence of some important biomolecules such as 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-(3-oxo-1-butenyl) (21.41%), 2,2,6- Trimethyl-1-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol (10.96%), 3-Hexenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester (10.55%) etc. which indicated the medicinal values of this plant. Key words: Sphaeranthus indicus, GC MS, Phytochemical, Triterpenoid, Steroid, Flavonoid,

1525-1531

Authors: P.Veera Lakshmi, K. P. R Chowdary, A. Prameela Rani, S, V. U. M.Prasad

Recently much emphasis is being laid on the development of microparticulate DDS in preference to single unit systems because of their potential benefits such as increased bioavailability, reduced risk of systemic toxicity, reduced risk of local irritation and predictable gastric emptying. The objective of the present study is to prepare and characterize starch acetate and to evaluate its application in the preparation of microparticulate drug delivery systems for oral controlled release of gliclazide. Starch acetate was prepared by acetylation of potato starch with acetic anhydride. The prepared starch acetate was characterized and evaluated. Starch acetate with a degree of substitution 2.75 could be prepared by acetylation of potato starch with acetic anhydride. The starch acetate prepared was feely soluble in chloroform and insoluble in several aqueous fluids and organic solvents. Chloroform could be used as solvent for starch acetate in the preparation of microparticles, microcapsules and in film coating Spherical starch acetate- Gliclazide microparticles could be prepared by the emulsification-solvent evaporation method. The method is industrially feasible as it involves emulsification and removal of the solvent, which can be controlled precisely. The emulsification solvent evaporation method was reproducible with regard to size and size distribution of the microparticles. About 65-70% of microparticles in each batch were in the size range 35/50 mesh (398.5µm) Encapsulation efficiency was in the range 96.0-99.3 % in the preparation of microparticles. Gliclazide release from the starch acetate microparticles was slow and spread over longer periods of time. The drug release d epended on the proportion of core:coat in the microparticles. A good linear relationship (R² = 0.826 ) between percent coat and release rate (k o) was observed. The relationship could be expressed by the linear equation, y = 12.18-0.173x where x is percent coat and y is release rate (ko). Gliclazide release from the starch acetate microparticles was by non fickian (anomalous) diffusion. Formulation F2 prepared using a Core :coat ratio of 8:2 gave slow, controlled and complete release(100%) of Gliclazide over 12 hours. As such formulation F2 is considered as a promising microparticulate DDS for oral control release of Gliclazide over 12 hours for b.i.d administration Key words: Multiparticulate drug delivery systems, Starch acetate, Gliclazide, Oral controlled release

1540-1545

Authors: Abdolreza Gilavand and Mohsen Mohammadbidaghi *

Introduction: Considering the effective role of job involvement in increasing organizational effectiveness, this research has been done to investigate job involvement and its relation with other variables among non-faculty staff of Iranian universities of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: This has been done as a simple overview in 2018. Research data was collected through the search of published articles in Internet sources and valid scientific databases, with searching 3 words "job involvement, staff and Iran", without linguistic and temporal limitation. Results: With investigating 9 conducted researches in health educational centers affiliated with the Ministry of Health of Iran, this research has come to the conclusion that job involvement has direct and positive relationship with such variables as "Strategic Alignment","Servant Leadership","Transformational Leadership","Demographic Characteristics", "Organizational Culture", "Strategic Alignmen and Valuable Work", "Role of Professional Ethics" and "Emotional Intelligence". Discussion and Conclusion: job involvement will occur when in an organization the staff act with more than their job expectations and communicate mentally, emotionally and physically with their work. Job involvement will have consequences such as increasing the positive attitude of the work environment, improving mental health of the employees, and promoting their performance and behavior in the organization. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen it and other related variables in organizations. Keywords: Job involvement, Iranian University of Medical Sciences.

1554-1560

Authors: MuravyovA.A*

In the field experiments of the Department of Plant Production, Selection and Vegetable Growing of the Belgorod SAU in 2015- 2016, we found out the following facts at a comparative study of the effect of Nitragin KM and ammonium nitrate on the growth and development of Belgorodskaya 8 soybean:Processing of soybean seeds with Nitragin KM, created in NTTS BIO LLC (Shebekino, Belgorod region), significantly (from 25 in control to 34 pcs/plant) increased the number of active nitrogen-fixing nodules on plant roots. This increased the intensity of increasing the mass of plants and the area of leaves, increased the yield from 27.5 c/ha in control to 30.7 c/ha (by 11.6 percent), improved the quality of grain (protein content increased by 2.9 abs.%, oil content - by 3.1 abs.%), increased the protein harvesting from 935 kg/ha in control to 1,112 kg/ha and the collection of oil in the seed yield ̶from 479 kg/ha to 618 kg/ha. The duration of soybean vegetation decreased from 111 (in control) to 102 days, the cost of production decreased by 8.1%, the profit increased by 17.2%, the profitability increased by 20%. Surface top dressing of soya with ammonium nitrate (2 c/ha) shortly before budding also improved growth, leafiness and increased plant productivity (but to a lesser extent than seed Nitraginization) ̶yield increased from 27.5 to 29.2 kg/ha, protein content ̶from 39.6 to 42%, oil content ̶from 20.3 to 22.2%. At the same time, protein harvesting increased from 935 to 1,055 kg/ha, oil ̶from 479 to 557 kg/ha. At the same time, the vegetation period of soybean plants increased from 111 days to 116 days.The use of domestic Nitragin KM for inoculation of soybean seeds, the retail price of which is 2-3 times less than foreign analogues, is very promising. Nitrogen soybean fertilizer, if necessary, can be an alternative or additional method of increasing the yield and quality of soybean grain products.The goal of our study is to reveal the comparative effect of soybean seed treatment with Nitragin KM and late nitrogen fertilizer on plant development, yield, protein content and soybean oil content in the forest-steppe of the CBE economic region. Key words: soybean, Nitragin KM, inoculation, ammonium nitrate, fertilizer, yield, protein content, oil content, cost, profit, profitability.

1569- 1575

Authors: Santhosh Illendula*, Thota Sumanjali, D.Sandhya, N.Lavanya, G. Koteswar Rao, K.N.V. Rao, K. Rajeswar Dutt

A new simple, accurate, rapid, precise, reproducible and cost effective spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of Afatinib in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The developed visible spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of Afatinib is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength 246 nm using Sodiumcitrate with Water as a solvent. The stock solution of Afatinib was prepared, and subsequent suitable dilution was prepared in distilled water to obtained standard curve. The standard solution of Afatinib shows absorption maxima at 246 nm. The drug obeyed beer lambert’s law in the concentration range of 5 - 25 μg/ml with regression 0.999 at 246 nm. The overall % recovery was found to be 99.03% which reflects that the method was free from the interference of the impurities and other excipients used in the bulk and marketed dosage form. The low value of % RSD was indicative of accuracy and reproducibility of the method. The % RSD for inter-day and intra-day precision was found to be 0.298 and 0.2941respectively which is<2% hence proved that method is precise. The results of analysis have been validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The developed method can be adopted in routine analysis of Afatinib in bulk and tablet dosage form. Keywords: Afatinib, UV Visible Spectrophotometry, Method development, Validation, ICH guidelines, Sodium citrate , Accuracy, Precision.

1585-1602

Authors: C. Buvana*, R. Suresh1, Y. Haribabu, P. K. Manna

Indole is a valuable compound which has becomeprominent in medicinal chemistry because of its variousbiological activities. Indole ring is present in various marineor terrestrial natural compounds, which have useful biologicalproperties. In last few years it was reported that indole, itsbioisosters and derivatives had antimicrobial activity againstgramnegative, grampositive bacteria and yeast candidaalbicans antimicrobial activity. A large number of efforts were made to synthesizedifferent heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives in thepast decode and were found to possess promising antitumor, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial anti tubercular and anti diabetic activities. Although indole moiety is very small but isfascinated by scientists because of the diverse biologicalactivities by not only indole but its various substitutedderivatives as well. This revisers is focused on the indole andits derivatives that are now in development. This review brings about an overview of novel drug molecules of indole and also urges to synthesize moremoieties for better enhanced biological activity. Keywords: Indole, Antimalarial, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, Antihypertensive

1611-1617

Authors: Waheed Ahmed, Ashif Sajjad, Mohammad Azam, Zahid Mehmood and Khalid Mahmood*

Gurhaku, is one of the newly emerging smoking materials, prepared by mixing tobacco dust and molasses smoked in hookah. Tobacco smoking causes human health problems and has got a close association with the environmental contamination. In the present study Hematological parameters of Gurhaku smokers were analyzed by the hematological analyzer while the elemental analysis of waste water were carried out by using atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results of the current study revealed that the Ghurhaku smokers have reduced levels of Hb and have significantly higher platelet and WBCs count including lymphocytes and granulocytes. However, the RBC count, Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV), and Hematocrit percentage (HCT %) did not show any significant change. The elemental analysis of the Gurhaku smoked Hookah smoked water revealed the concentration of Pb was higher than WHO permitted value. The concentrations of Mn, Cd, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ca and Mg have lower values than the WHO permitted values. It is suggested on the basis of this study that the complete blood count (CBC) of the Gurhaku smokers be dealt with caution in hospitals. Key words: Ghurhaku, Heavy metals, hematology, Atomic absorption Spectroscopy

1627-1634

Authors: Anjani L Singh and Amrish Chandra*

A simple, accurate, precise and reproducible method was developed and validated by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for estimation of Lercanidipine Hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. An isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed on C-18 Column, Cosmosil, (150 mm x 4.6mm) 5µm using Methanol, buffer (Mix 1.0 ml of orthophosphoric acid in 1000 ml of water) and Tetrahydrofuran in the ratio of 890:100:10 as mobile phase. The flow rate was adjusted to 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength was 220 nm. The retention time for Lercanidipine Hydrochloride was found to be 6.52. Detection response for Lercanidipine Hydrochloride was found to be linear low in concentration range of 78-182 mcg/ml in the linearity study, regression equation and coefficient of correlation for Lercanidipine Hydrochloride was found to be (y = 4002.5x + 459.10, r2 =0.99996). Proposed method was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, range, ruggedness & robustness. This developed method can be applicable for routine quantitative analysis. Keywords: Lercanidipine Hydrochloride, RP- HPLC, Validation, IVR (In-Vito Release)

1638-1641

Authors: K.A. Ershov, A.V. Sevbitov, A.E. Dorofeev, I.G. Pustokhina

In the elderly and senile age the need for medical care, including dental care, increases. The untimely appeal for dental care entails a change in the KPI index, as a result of which a partial or complete loss of teeth occurs. Complete absence of teeth is accompanied by morphofunctional changes of all elements of the dentoalveolar system and by significant decrease in chewing ability. Providing orthopedic dental care to the elderly, senile and old people is not easy due to the peculiarities of adaptation to removable dentures. In this study the impact of removable dentures on the quality of life of a dental patient was assessed. The study involved two identical patient groups of 17 people. The age of the patients was 61 to 75 years. All patients needed removable prosthetics. Before the prosthetics, a questionnaire was conducted using the OHIP-14 questionnaire. The questionnaire showed the level of the patients’ satisfaction with their dental health. Then proceed to prosthetics. In the first group, the prosthesis was manufactured using a standard method. In the second group, the imprint was removed using a modified individual spoon, which should improve adaptation to a removable denture. The second questionnaire was conducted using the OHIP-14 questionnaire 33 days after the prosthesis, when all patients had complete adaptation to a removable denture. The questionnaire was conducted in order to reveal the dynamics of the quality of life of the patients. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method. The number of patients with a good quality of life in group 2 increased by 58.8% and in group 1 only by 34.5%. Thus, in group 2 adaptation to removable dentures was faster. Keywords: gerontology, removable denture, quality of life, orthopedic dentistry

1649-1656

Authors: Mudiganti Ram Krishna Rao*, N. Vijaya Lakshmi, Lakshmi Sundaram R

The present study deals with the phytochemical and GC MS analysis of on medicinal plant, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, which is commonly used in Ayurveda and sidhha forms of medicinal practice. Ethanol, methanol, hexane and water extracts of leaves of P. tertagonolobus were studied for the presence of various phytochemicals present therein. The GC MS analysis of methanol and aqueous extracts of P. tetragonolobus leaves was performed. In the ethanol fraction flavonoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides were present. In the methanol extract tannins, anthraquinones and steroids were present. In hexane fraction, flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenoids were present. The water extract contained alkaloids, saponins, amino acids and anthraquinones. The GC MS results indicated the presence of some important biomolecules such as Catechol, N-Benzyl-2-phenethylamine, Arbutin, Tetracyclo[6.3.2.0(2,5).0(1,8)]tridecan-9-ol, 4,4-dimethyl-, Tetracyclo[6.3.2.0(2,5).0(1,8)]tridecan-9-ol, 4,4- dimethyl-, Diepicedrene-1-oxide, 1-Heptatriacotanol, Phytol, Stigmasterol in the aqueous fraction of leaves. In the Methanol fraction N-Benzyl-2-phenethylamine, Phenol, 3-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-, methylcarbamate, Phenol, 2,4- bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 10-Methyl-8-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose, 17-Octadecynoic acid, methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Oleic Acid, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, .beta.-Sitosterol, Octasiloxane,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl-, alpha.-Amyrin were present. These biomolecules indicate the medicinal activities which are being claimed in the ethnobotanical practice. Key words: P

1661-1665

Authors: Muhammad Iqbal Shah*, Rashid Ahmed Khan, Mumtaz Ali Lakho

Objective: Eosinophilic bronchitis is a condition brought to greater attention of the healthcare community recently, as a probable cause of chronic cough by fresh evidence based literature. This study hopes to investigate the prevalence of non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis among patients presenting with chronic cough at our study setting. Methodology: This observational, cross-sectional analysis was conducted at the department of general medicine and chest medicine at Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro upon a total of 200 patients presenting with chronic cough (dating back to at least more than 8 weeks) from September 2017 to January 2018 after taking verbal informed consent. A suggestive chest radiograph and sputum eosinophil count of more than 3% was considered indicative of non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis. Results: Among the study subjects, 60% of the sample comprised of males, while the remaining 40% were females. The mean age of the study population was 39 years, with 26% of the total subjects i.e. 52 patients testing positive for non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis. Conclusion: After careful consideration, the obtained results show that prevalence of eosinophilic (non-asthmatic) bronchitis, is marked among the study population. Routine sputum analysis is thus recommended for all patients presenting with chronic cough. Keywords: Eosinophilia, Bronchitis, Asthma, Chronic Cough and Sputum Eosinophilia

1671-1674

Authors: John Peter Paul, J.

The aim of the present study was to screen the phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of Blechnum orientale L. collected from Kothiyar, located in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The phytochemical screening of methanolic extract was analyzed using the standard procedure using UV-Visible spectroscopic and FTIR. The UVVisible spectrum was found to have the presence of the compounds separated at the nm of 536, 606, 662, 718, 741.5, 783.5, 797.5, 820.5 and 890.5 of with the absorption of 0.822, 0.675, 1.499, 0.317, 0.304, 0.276, 0.275, 0.268 and 0.265 respectively. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups such as aldehydes, monosubst benzenes, 1,2,4-trisubst benzenes, organophosphorus, siloxanes, pyridine n-oxides, aliphatic nitro compounds, hydrochlorides, amino acid, esters and primary amines. Key words: Blechnum orientale, Phytochemicals, UV-Visible, FTIR

1683-1687

Authors: Priyadarshini. P. A, Amulya. S, Chaitra. T. D, Harishmitha. N, Mohitha. S

Metals and metal ions play an important role in biological processes like growth, metabolism and other biochemical processes. In our present study, Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model organism to study the effects like growth rate, fertility, viability, morphological changes and other chromosomal aberrations. The flies were subjected to different concentration of metal sulphates like MgSO4, CuSO4, Al2 (SO4)3 and FeSO4 which were dissolved in rava-jaggery media. However, there was great variation in growth rate with the compounds like CuSO4 , Al2(SO4)3 and FeSO4 but could see remarkable morphological changes with increase in the growth rate of flies grown in the media containing compounds MgSO4. Mg2+ ions play a vital role in approximately 300 enzymatic reactions within the body. Along with vigorous growth many morphological changes were also observed in wings, eyes, sex comb and abdominal region of adult flies. Since there are a few similarities between mammals and Drosophila melanogaster, an attempt was made to investigate the developmental aspects with few metal compounds which gave a clear view on how they promote or interfere the viability of the organism in their habitat. Key words: Metal sulphates, Growth, Metabolism, Fertility, Mg2+, Drosophila melanogaster.

1694-1703

Authors: Namrata Parikh, Ritav Brahmbhatt, Kushal Shah, Shachi Engineer, Mr. Bhavik Chauhan *

Obesity is termed as “New World Syndrom” and considered as major health problem by WHO. It is associated with excessive fat accumulation in the body and measured by BMI [Body mass index]. It is caused by imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Various pharmacological treatments are available to affect different targets but the incidence of side effect of these compounds like rhabdomyolysis and others. Therefore herbal path is most effective and give less or no side effects as compared to pharmacological treatment. Datas on 15 recent medicinal plants are reviewed and taking consideraration for exact mechanism of action, related phytoconstituent and pharmacological evaluation etc. In the modern era there is need for developing awareness regarding more use of herbal preparation thereby promoting weight loss and combating obesity. Key Words: Obesity, Body mass index, rhabdomyolysis, Phytoconstituents, herbal preparation.

1711-1720

Authors: Brahmbhatt Ritav Viralbhai, Parikh Namrata, Engineer Shachi, Shah Kushal and Chauhan Bhavik

As per WHO, Obesity is abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Women are more obese than the men in Gujarat State. Between the age of 15-49 years, 23.7% Women and 19.7% Men are overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) as per National Family Health Survey - 4, 2016 -17. Obesity leads to Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. There are two major factors (i) Environmental (ii) Genetic, enhance the blood lipid levels. Basic Pathophysiology of obesity indicates insufficiency of Leptin, Ghrelin Hormones or insufficiency of Leptin, Ghrelin the receptors. Current Drug Treatment includes statins, bile acid sequestrants, ezetimibe that have side effects like rhabdomyolysis, muscle complaints, gastrointestinal disturbances, myalgia. Recent targets of the obesity are Amylin analogues, leptin analogues, GLP-1 analogues, Neuropeptide Y antagonists etc., which affects the hormonal balance into the body. Herbal Drugs are same effective as Current treatment, with no significant side effects. They are easily available from the natural sources, bio-compatible, Eco-friendly in nature. Certain edible mulberries, algaes, are the recent herbal sources for the treatment of the obesity. Key words: Obesity, BMI, Rhabdomyolysis, Myalgia, Eco-Friendly, Edible mulberries, Algae.

1728-1738

Authors: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi

The preliminary phytochemical analysis of Fumaria parviflora revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, alkaloids and anthraquinones. The pharmacological studies showed that Fumaria parviflora possess hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, prokinetic, laxative, dermatological, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, reproductive, anticholinesterase and smooth muscle relaxant effects. This review will highlight the chemical constituents and the pharmacological effects of Fumaria parviflora. Keywords: chemical constituents, pharmacology, Fumaria parviflora

1745-1756

Authors: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi

Helianthus annuus was used as food and medicine worldwide. It was cultivated basically for its seeds, which give the world’s second most important source of edible oil. Phytochemical analysis showed that Helianthus annuus contained carbohydrates, phenolics, flavanoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, phytosterols, steroids, triterpenoids and fixed oils. It possesed many pharmacological effects included antiinflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-plasmodial, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, antidiarrheal, antihistaminic, reproductive, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity, central nervous system effects and hepato- , nephro- and cardio- protective effects. This review highlighted the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Helianthus annuus. Keywords: chemical constituents, pharmacology, Helianthus annuus

1766-1778

Authors: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi

The phytochemical analysis of Jasminum sambac revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, coumarins, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, fats, essential oils, fixed oils, terpines, resin, and salicylic acid. The pharmacological studies revealed that the plant extracts possessed antimicrobial, insecticidal, analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermatological, anticancer, CNS and peripheral NS, cardiovascular, lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti-obesity and gastroprotective effects. This review will highlight the chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Jasminum sambac. Keywords: chemical constituents, pharmacology, Jasminum sambac

1793-1801

Authors: Karanam Fathima Nilesh, Kadiyala Arun Kumar, B.T.N.Vamsi Krishna

Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) are meant for administration to the patients who cannot swallow, such as elderly, stroke victims, bedridden patients, patients affected by renal failure, and the patients who refuse to swallow, such as pediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients. The present study is aimed to prepare orally disintegrating tablet of a model drug – Aceclofenac, using Ispaghula powder as natural super disintegrant, to conduct incompatibility studies by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to evaluate the prepared tablets for weight variation, friability, hardness, disintegration and dissolution tests, and also to compare the results with tablets prepared by using synthetic disintegrate crosspovidone. Post hoc analysis revealed that all the formulations have shown the results of pre-compression as well as post compression parameters within the acceptable limits and FTIR studies showed that there are no incompatibilities between the drug and excipients used in the formulation. Thus the study leads that Plantago ovata (Ispaghula) can be successfully used as natural super disintegrate. Keywords: Aceclofenac, Ispaghula husk powder, FTIR, disintegration test, dissolution test.

1814-1821

Authors: Sami Ullah*, Javeid Iqbal, Aman Ullah Khan, Tajala Aman , Ghulam Razaque

Genus Olea (Oleaceae) are prominent for its therapeutic value and are comprised in British and Indian pharmacopeias. In Pakistan Olea europaea leaves widely spread in Baluchistan province, NWFP, Punjab and in northerly areas at increase of 900 to 2900 m. In Balochistan it is found in sherani and zirat districts. Olea europaea leaves have multipotential remedial properties Present study was conducted for the investigation of some neurologic, properties of medicinal plant olea europea (oleaceae). The crude methanolic herbal extract was evaluated for its Neuropharacological aspects by forced swimming, cage crossing, rearing, traction and open field activity. The extract showed considerable Neuropharacological property. Moreover the crude methanolic extract was tested for its anti-pain activity by formalin induced pain and acetic acid induced pain test. The crude extract was sufficiently and significantly active to induce analgesia. Key words: Methanolic, Crude Extract, Olea europaea leaves

1831-1838

Authors: Anwar Ali Jamali, Ghulam Mustafa Jamali, Ameer Ali Jamali, Mazhar Hussain Chandio, Bhojo Mal Tanwani

Introduction: Hypokalemia is a commonly founded electrolyte derangement, associated with hepatic encephalopathy, increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stay, high economical burden, and major cause of hospitalization in cirrhotic patients. Objectives: To determine the association of hypokalemia with hepatic encephalopathy in patients of liver cirrhosis. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional research conducted at Department of Medicine Peoples Medical College Hospital Nawabshsah from 1st September 2016 to 31st August 2017 for duration of 01 year. Sample size was 300 subjects. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was applied. Liver Cirrhosis was diagnosed on history, clinical examination and confirmed with ultrasound or liver biopsy. Severity of hepatic encephalopathy was assessed with help of its grades on the day of admission and blood samples were sent on the same day to determine the serum potassium levels. Ethical review committee of Peoples Medical College Hospital Nawabshsah approved the current study. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS 20 version. Results: Hypokalemia was observed in 72% of cirrhotic patients admitted with or without hepatic encephalopathy. Association of hypokalemia with hepatic encephalopathy was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Hypokalemia is common and is associated with high rates of hepatic encephalopathy, morbidity and mortality in the cirrhotic patients. Key words: Hypokalemia, Cirrhosis of liver, hepatic encephalopathy.

1850-1872

Authors: V. Rajesh Babu, V. Mallikarjun , Syeda Rana Nikhat

The Therapeutic Goods Administration is a Commonwealth Government agency that regulates medical devices and drugs. Prescription medicines and over-the-counter medicines which meet Australian standards of quality, safety and efficacy are included on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods. Non-prescription or OTC medicines are considered to be ‘low risk’ in comparison with prescription medicines. They are evaluated for quality, safety and efficacy by the TGA and the Medicines Evaluation Committee, in accordance with the Australian Regulatory Guidelines for OTC Medicines, 1 July 2003 before they may be registered on the ARTG. TGA is monitoring the all aspects for drug approvals and monitoring the human health. As per the TGA act all the medicines are classified in to prescription, non-prescription medicines and export only medicines. TGA act states those medicines require registering or listing at TGA. Registration and listing requirements are based on the level of risk. All prescription and some non-prescription medicines are required to register at TGA and some non-prescription medicines and export only medicines are need to list at TGA. TGA has adopted the most of the EDQM guidelines for medicines. Post marketing activities of the TGA include investigating reports of problems, laboratory testing of products on the market, and monitoring to ensure compliance with the legislation. Keywords: TGA, ARTG, OTC, Non-prescription.

1885-1897

Authors: Binish Baig, Sheikh Ahmed, Dr Kaleemullah Mandokhail, Dr Fazal Ur Rehman Zulfiqar Ali, Naeema Anwar, and Dr Ashif Sajjad

It is estimated that around more than 2% of the population of world is suffering with hepatitis C virus and death cases because of cirrhosis and liver cancer is more than 350000.The load and epidemiology of HCV infection is different in the different parts of the world. It vary with country particular prevalence range from <1%- >10%. In comparison with USA and other urbanized countries the spread of infection in poor countries commonly outcome of contact to infected blood in society settings and healthcare centers. HCV management programs must be country specific which may be different by background and rank of economic progress. Worldwide HCV is a main cause of liver disease and in future it would be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The complication related to the geographic allocation of HCV infection and its linked risk factor increases its progression. No vaccine is available for HCV and no later than exposure for HCV prophylaxis, so the focal point of most important escaping work must be secure supply of blood, protected management care and people who use drug decrease the number of those people in developing countries. Key words: Hepatitis, Genome, Treatment. Epidemiology

1905-1908

Authors: John Peter Paul, J

The plan of the present study was to explore the phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of Caulerpa scalpelliformis (R.Br.) Web. V. Bosse collected from Hare Island, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. The phytochemical screening of methanolic extract was studied using the standard procedure using UV-Visible spectroscopic and FTIR. The UV-Visible spectrum was found to have the presence of the compounds separated at the nm of 246.5, 340, 391.5, 447.5, 531.5 and 662 with the absorption 3.917, 3.838, 3.954, 3.898, 1.331 and 3.103 respectively. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups such as organophosphorus, sulfonic acids, sulfonyl chlorides, amino acids, phosphines, aliphatic, alcohols and phenols. Key words: Caulerpa scalpelliformis, Phytochemicals, UV-Visible, FTIR

1915-1925

Authors: Md Akram*, Abdul Sayeed, Syed Shah Abdus Salaam

Quinazolinone derivatives are the versatile nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds displaying a wide variety of biological and pharmacological activities like antibacterial, anthelmintic,neuroleptic,antitubercular,platelet,antiaggregating,antifungal,anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,CNSdepressant activity,antiparkinson,bronchodilator etc. Recently several scientists have elucidated that Quinazolinone system possesses variable sites like position 2 and 3 which can be suitably modified to yield new potent chemotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic agents. Further, Schiff bases are use as substrate in the preparation of number of industrial and biologically Active compound via ring closure, cyclo addition and replacement reactions.Morever,Schiff b a s es d e r i v e d from various heterocycles have been reported to posses cytotoxic, anticonvulsant, antiproliferative,antimicrobial, anticancer and antifungal activities. In view of the above mentioned facts and in continuation of our interest in the synthesis of heterocycles to identify new candidate, that may be value in designing new, potent, selective and less toxic chemotherapeutic agents, the synthesis of some novel structure hybrids incorporating suitably substituted quinazolinone moiety with long aliphatic dicarboxylic acids hydrazides and finally converting them to Schiff bases by reacting with substituted benzaledhydes to yield title compounds. These are then evaluated for antitubercular activity by Micro plate alamar blue assay method(MABA) and MIC were determined for each drug.During the present investigation 1,3,4-benzoxazinone was prepared from anthranilic acid and acetic anhydride by known method. Various dihydrazides were prepared from aliphatic α, ω-aliphatic dicarboxylic acids by following literature method. N-3 substituted quinazolinone derivatives were prepared from the equimolar reaction of 1,3,4-benzoxazinone with various dihydrazides to yield the compounds 1AB1 to 1AB5. These are then reacted with substituted benzaledhydes to form Schiff bases 2B1 to 2B5. The homogeneity of all the derivatives was established by TLC technique. The structures of the compounds were successfully established by means of IR, Proton NMR and Mass spectral studies.All the compounds were evaluated f o r a nti tu b erc ula r activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by micro plate blue assay method (MABA).One of the compound 2B5 has shown excellent antitubercular property by having lowest MIC of 3.125µg/ml were as the other compounds also exhibited significant growth inhibiting properties against the mycobacterium tested. Key words: Quinazolinone, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antitubercular activity.

1936-1954

Authors: Jabeen*, Md. Akram, Abdul Sayeed

A simple, rapid and precise Reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed and subsequently validated for estimation of Pregabalin in tablet dosage form. The method is based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) on a reversed-phase column. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of Phosphate buffer of pH 6.2 and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v). The column used was reversed-phase, Develosil C18, (5µm, 150 x 4.6 mm i.d. column) with flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, column temperature at 40°C using UV detection at 225 nm. The drug was well resolved on the stationary phase and the retention times were around 2.33 minute. The method was validated and shown to be linear for Pregabalin. The correlation coefficient for Pregabalin is 0.998. The relative standard deviations for five replicate measurements in two sets of each drug in the tablets is always less than 2% and mean % error of active recovery not more than ±1.5%. Pregabalin was subjected to various degradation conditions like acidic, alkaline, thermal, oxidation, photo, UV degradation and neutral conditions for a period of 24 hrs and it was found to degrade to different extent in different conditions. Pregabalin was found to be highly degraded at oxidation and photo degradation and comparatively stable under neutral condition. The method was validated for precision and accuracy. The proposed method was successfully applied to the pharmaceutical dosage forms containing the above mentioned drug without any interference by the excipients. Keywords: Pregabalin and RP- HPLC method.

1962-1968

Authors: Udmale Akashdeep Rohidas*, Dr. Vishal .V. Pande, Aboli Girme and Neha.D. Kulkarni, Dr. Rasika.D. Bhalke

Cows affected with retained placenta are at a higher risk of developing puerperal metritis. Retained fetal membranes (RFM) in cattle have adverse effect on fertility and production. Understanding the pathophysiology and causes of RFM is important for managing this disease. The hormonal processes that lead to normal placental expulsion or the separation are multifactorial and begin before parturition. A variety of risk factor, including early or induced parturition, dystocia, hormonal imbalance, and immunosuppression can interrupt these normal processes and result in retention of the placenta. Current research does not support the efficacy of much commonly practiced treatment for RFM. Systematic administration of antibiotics can be beneficial for the treating metritis after RFM, but antibiotic administration has not been shown to significantly improve future reproduction in the cows with RFM. The Polyherbal oral therapy is protects cattle from puerperal disease and enhance placental release after delivery. Herbal therapy is not costly and it having the minimum side effect. Herbal remedies bear a high potential to treat postpartum uterine diseases in cows. Various herbs are reported to for retention of fetal membrane. Key Words: Cattle, placental detachment, Causes.

1980-1985

Authors: CH. V. S Gautam*, N. Harika, V. Balaji, V. Srinivas Prasad

Objective: The objective of the present work is to develop a simple, efficient, and reproducible spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of hepatitis-C drug - Daclatasvir in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) form and in pharmaceutical dosage form Methods: The developed ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of hepatitis-C drugs - Daclatasvir based on measurement of absorption at a wavelength maximum (λmax) of 317 nm using methanol as solvent. Results: The method was validated in terms of, precision, linearity, accuracy, and robustness, LOD, LOQ as per the ICH guidelines. The method was found to be linear in the range of 50-150% for Daclatasvir. The percentage recovery values were in the range of 99.9-100.9% for Daclatasvir at different concentration levels. Relative standard deviation for precision and intermediate precision results were found to be <2%. The correlation coefficient value observed for Daclatasvir drug substances was not <0.99, 0.99, respectively. Results obtained from the validation experiments prove that the developed method is quantified for the estimation of Daclatasvir drug substances. Conclusion: The developed method can be successfully applied for routine analysis, quality control analysis, and also suitable for stability analysis of Daclatasvir in API & its pharmaceutical dosage form as per the regulatory requirements. Keywords: Daclatasvir, Method development, Validation, Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.

1994-1997

Authors: K. Purushotham, P. Nandeeshwar, V. KiranKumar, I.Srikanth, Dr. K. Ramanjaneyulu, J. Himabindhu

The present study was explores that evaluation of in vitro antiurolithiatic activity of Senna occidentalis. It was observed that thehighest calcium oxalate crystals dissolution was observed in the ethanolic extract of Senna occidentalis. It was found that ethanolic extract of Senna occidentalis has more efficient to dissolve calciumoxalate. In this study Neeri was used as standard drug. Key words: Senna Occidentalis, urolithiasis and Ethanolic extract

2004-2014

Authors: Sheik Abdul Hafeez and K.V.Ramanamurthy

Objective: to assess the practices of self medication and its adverse effects among women employees working in health care services. Study Design: A non experimental survey approach with descriptive design was selected to understand the practices of self medication & adverse effects among women employees working in health care services and also the relationship with variables. Study was conducted in OMNI Hospitals, Hyderabad. Methods: Interview schedule was prepared and data was collected from 600 sample selected using convenient sampling technique. All the respondents actively participated in the study and it took about 30-45 minutes to collect the required data from each participant. Collected data was analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics using statistical package for the Social Sciences Software version-20.Graphical representation was made for significant findings. Results: Majority of the women employees 437 [72.8%] stated that they are self medication users, 197 [32.8%] responded that they are having illness as frequent as less than 15 days, 210 said allergies as major type of illness, Majority 250[41.7%] of them have family & friends as there source of knowledge, The study results showed that majority of the sample are using self medication for cold and cough and skin ailments and effects are seen accordingly. Gastrointestinal effects [F=154.4], nervous system effects [F=119.7], urinary tract effects [F=58.56], psychological effects [F=28.38], allergic reactions [F=185.9] and dependence to drug [F=17.8]. The above also depicts that there is significant association existing between adverse effects of self medication practice questions like gastrointestinal effects, nervous system effects, urinary tract effects, psychological effects, allergic reactions, and dependence to drug. Conclusion: Self medication is widely practiced among women employees in health care services due to the knowledge and hand to hand availability of drugs. Cough & cold medicines, analgesic and antipyretics were most commonly used drugs. Majority of them noticed side effects related to gastrointestinal system like nausea vomiting, allergic reactions and even some stated that they are dependent on certain drugs from a long period. Health care sectors should take necessary actions to ensure healthy environment and can control self medication in women employees. Key words: self medication, women employees, adverse effects.

2023-2026

Authors: Harishkumar S and Satyanarayan ND*

DNA cleavage potential of 4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl) quinoline 7(a-j) derivatives, were studied on Calf-thymus DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis method. The compounds 7e and 7j have exhibited almost complete cleavage, whereas the other compounds 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7f, 7g and 7i have shown partial cleavage of DNA at 100 μg concentration. The compounds 7e and 7j can be considered as DNA intercalating agents due to its planarity and their potentiality to cleave the DNA completely. This might be through breaking the base pairs of DNA. Keywords: DNA, Calf-thymus DNA, Thiophene, Agarose gel electrophoresis.