INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

628-634

Authors: Ashok Kumar D1, Mrinmay Das*2, Mastanaiah. K2

Abstract: Free radicals are implicated for many diseases including diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer, ageing etc. In the treatment of these diseases, antioxidant therapy has gained utmost importance. Ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis (EEAS) was studied for its in vitro antioxidant activity using different models viz. Free radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH method), Reducing power assay, Nitric oxide scavenging activity, Superoxide radical scavenging activity and Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Total phenolic content was determined by using Pyrocatechol as a standard. The results were analyzed statistically by the regression method. Its antioxidant activity was estimated by IC50 value and the values are 74.05 ± 1.44 μg/ml (Superoxide radical scavenging), 31.50 ± 1.04 μg/ml (Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity), 28.75 ± 0.07 μg/ml (Nitric oxide scavenging) and 86.83 ± 1.09 μg/ml (DPPH radical scavenging). In all the testing, a significant correlation existed between concentrations of the extract and percentage inhibition of free radicals. These results clearly indicate that Alternanthera sessilis is effective against free radical mediated disease. Keywords: Alternanthera Sessilis, DPPH method, Total Phenolic Content, Nitric Oxide, Reducing Power, Hydroxyl Radical.

641-647

Authors: Dr. Sirisha S**, Shibi Mary Thomas*, Anand Varghese, Rama Reddy, Benny Baby, Shreya P Gudur

Abstract: Object: The main objective of the study is to verify whether the community based prescriptions were in accordance with the prescription guideline, and to see drug utilization pattern in INDIA. Method: This study involved the collection of data’s related to prescription guidelines and utilization of drugs in different areas of India which is reviewed and audited for drug utilization, poly-pharmacy and types of errors , physicianinformation, patient information, drug information and for the general content of the prescription. Result: A total of 11,555 prescriptions analyzed during the study period. Out of those prescriptions, 6,892 (23.01%) prescriptions analyzed for generic name, more than78 % prescriptions containing the brand names. 5659 prescriptions analyzed for polypharmacy; most of the studies have shown that poly pharmacy is common. The patient details were missing in 22% of prescriptions. Prescriber’s information’s are missed in more than 51%. In some prescription, drug details like dose, frequency are missing in more than 32% of prescriptions. Other details such as prescription date, diagnosis, special advice, legibility and abbreviations are around 30%.1593 prescriptions analyzed to see frequency of prescribing anti-microbials, in that 917 anti-microbials are prescribed. Rationality of prescribing drugs observed in the study of 19 prescriptions, 63.33% are found to be irrational. 33.06% prescribing pattern of fixed dose combinations are not rational. 21.90 % of antibiotics in many prescriptions are irrational. Key Words: Prescription guideline, Audit, India, Pattern, brand name.

664-667

Authors: E. Priyanka*, K. Aruna, B. Mounica, D. Charitha, A. NagaJyothi, Ch. Kavya, D. Eswar Tony

Abstract: Ebola virus, being highly pathogenic for humans and non-human primates and the subject of former weapons programmes, is now one of the most feared pathogens worldwide. In addition, the lack of pre- and post-exposure interventions makes the development of rapid diagnostics, new antiviral agents and protective vaccines a priority for many nations. Further insight into the ecology, immunology and pathogenesis of Ebola virus will promote the delivery of these urgently required tools. Key Words: Ebolavirus, Leptospirosis, Plague, Rickettsiosis

676-683

Authors: Swapnil Anil Palve*, Swati Gokul Talele, Dr. Ghanashyam Chaudhri

Abstract: Miniaturization embracing instrumentation, column particle size and column dimensions is one of major current trends in separation techniques. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has utilized most widely in analytical laboratories. Though HPLC is dynamic and versatile technique, there is critical necessity for reliable, faster, more accurate chromatography technology. UPLC technique in chemistry and instrumentation accepted widely due to its ability to provide more information per unit of work as UPLC fulfills the criteria like increased speed, resolution and sensitivity predicted for liquid chromatography UPLC is preferable for obtaining chromatographic separation where packing material have particle size less than 2.5μm. Today’s pharmaceutical companies give more emphasis on to cut cost and lessen time for development of new drug with improvement in quality of the products. A typical assay was transferred and optimized for UPLC system to achieve both higher sample analysis throughput and better assay sensitivity. Analysis of operation cost and sample throughput found UPLC cost advantageous over HPLC. UPLC is a rising chromatographic separation technique whose packing materials have smaller particle size lesser than 2.5μm which improves the speed, resolution and sensitivity of analysis. When many scientists experienced separation barriers with conventional HPLC, UPLC extended and expanded the utility of chromatography. The main advantage is a reduction of analysis time which also reduces solvent consumption. The analysis time, solvent consumption and analysis cost are very important factor in many analytical laboratories. The time spent for optimizing new methods can also be greatly reduced. Key words: UPLC, chromatography, HPLC, Instrumentation. Corresponding Author:

692-698

Authors: Kameswara Rao. S *, P. Bhargava Bhushan Rao, Sk. Shabana Begum, A. Srivani, O. Soundarya, R. Kanakavally

Abstract: Present review highlights the potential of nasal mucosa as an administration route for targeting the central nervous system, the brain. Targeted drug delivery seeks to concentrate the medication in the tissues of interest while reducing the relative concentration of medication in the remaining tissues. Thus improving efficacy of the drug and reducing side effects. The nasal mucosa when compared to other mucous membranes is easily accessible and provides a practical entrance portal for small and large molecules. Intranasal administration offers rapid onset of action, no first-pass effect, no gastrointestinal degradation or lung toxicity and non-invasiveness application and also improves bioavailability. It is thought that olfactory route of drug transport, by pass the blood-brain barrier and allows the direct transport of drug from the nose to the brain. This review provides an overview of strategies to improve the drug delivery to brain via nasal mucosa and recent advances in this field. Keywords:Nasal Delivery, Brain targeting, Blood-Brain barrier (BBB), Central nervous system (CNS),Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

705-713

Authors: P. Shabana*, K. Saipriya, Abbaraju Lakshmi Harini, Pusuluri Dharani Lakshmi Sai, Konkipudi Venkata Sivaiah, Brahmaiah Bonthagarala

Abstract: Vitamin D is the steroid vitamin it is a group of fat soluble vitamin it helps in absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorous. It is a well-known essential vitamin for bone health it is mainly circulating in blood and regulating the activities of various cell types its main significances is the maintenance of plasma ca2+concentration. It plays a beneficial role in genesis progression and survival of cancerous growths. It mainly interferes with the various growth factors by inhibiting the proliferation of the cells angiogenesis and facilitation of the cell differentiation and apoptosis. It is not a primary anticancer agent but it poses antitumor and anti metastatic properties it may used in the treatment of cancer as a adjuvant Key words: vitamin D, cancer, angiogenesis, steroid hormone

722-730

Authors: Loganathan Velupillai1, Prashant P Dixit2, M. S. Shingare1, D. V. Mane*1.

Abstract: Morpholine backbone is essential in different pharmacologically active synthetic compounds. Present work is synthesis of novel morpholine nucleus based compounds such as (3S)-3-[4-(methoxymethoxy) benzyl] morpholine and their derivatives (3 I – 3 O). The compounds were synthesized in multistep reaction with more efficient process starting from L-Tyrosine as key starting material. The moiety L-Tyrosine is commercially available and is also available from Sigma-Aldrich. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of 1HNMR and mass spectral data. High yield and high purity indicates lack of side reaction and by product. The synthesized compounds were then examined for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of them were found to possess good antibacterial and antifungal activity. Keywords: Morpholine, Tyrosine, Antibacterial, Antifungal Activity.

737-747

Authors: Mohammed Abdul Aziz Shahid* , Surampalli Gurunath, Mohammd Fayazuddin, Ruqqaiyya Ahmed

Majoon Suranjan (MS) is a polyherbal formulation used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is prescribed by unani practitioners and there is no objectionon the concomitant use of this formulation along with conventional NSAIDs. Present study deals with the pharmacodynamics interaction of conventional NSAID with majon suranjan. Interaction was studied by the influence on the anti-inflammatory activity of the standard drug in turpentine oil induced paw edema, and anti-arthritic activity in formaldehyde and complete fruend’s adjuvant induced arthritis. In all these three methods meloxicam was used as the standard conventional NSAID . 3 Groups of male whistar rats (n=6) were used in this study. Group I received vehicle, Group II received meloxicam and III received combination use of meloxicam and majoon suranjan. In turpentine oil induced rat paw edema anti- inflammatory activity of group III is superior to Group II. Anti arthritic activity of group III is less when compared to Group II in formaldehyde and adjuvant induced arthritis models. Data of these three methods are analysed by annova and dunnetts multiple comparison at p<0.05 in turpentine oil indued rat paw edema and p<0.01 in formaldehyde and adjuvant induced arthritis models. Results suggest that there exist an interaction between conventional NSAIDs and polyherbal formulation whether it may be positive or negative type. These results suggests that based on the pathology of disease interaction of NSAIDs with polyherbal formulation differs. In present study anti inflammatory acivity of drug increased while anti arthritic activity decreased. Keywords : Majoon Suranjan, meloxicam, Turpentine, Formaldehyde, NSAIDs, adjuvant induced arthritis

751-756

Authors: Sorabh Kumar Agrawal*1D.Swapna2

In the present study, anti-ovulatory activity was evaluated in methanolic extract of Paeonia lactiflora. The extract is found to be a rich source of paeoniflorinknown for reducing fertility. Two different concentrations of methanolic root extracts of Paeonia lactiflorawere evaluated for female antifertility activity on albino wistar rats. Methanolic root extract of Paeonia lactiflora at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w was administered orally for 15 days. Treatments were stopped thereafter and animals were sacrificed after a recovery period. The methanolic extract of Paeonia lactiflorashowed significant anti-ovulatory activity. Pre-treatment with methanolic extract showed significant effect on estrous cycle, ovarian weight &cholesterol level at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Key words: Paeonia lactiflora, roots, anti-ovulatory activity, ovaries, estrous cycle