INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

1248-1250

Authors: Ansu Anna Dan, Josna James, Anjali George, Unnimaya Premkumar, Apollojames, T.R.Ashok Kumar, T. Sivakumar

Valproic acid (VPA) has been used in clinical practice since 60’s, with a relatively favourable safety and efficacy profile. Pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity and teratogenicity are the most significant adverse drug reactions. VPA-induced hyperammonemia include: lethargy, impaired consciousness, focal neurological signs and symptoms and increased seizure frequency. More rare described symptoms are: aggression, ataxia, asterixis, vomiting and coma. We report a patient with migraine who developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy in association with valproic acid. The condition improved with a strike of valproic acid and the treatment with carnitine at a dose of 50mg/kg/day for four days.

1256-1263

Authors: Pradeep Pal*1 , Ajay Sharma1 , Mukesh Mehra1 , Anil Choudhary1 , A.K. Ghosh2 , Praveen S Nayak3 , Shweta P Nayak3

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem with continuously increasing rates of incidence and mortality. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated plasma glucose concentrations resulting from insufficient insulin and insulin resistance, or both, leading to metabolic abnormalities in carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The primary objective of this study was to determine the anti-diabetic activity of Artemisia nilagirica (clark) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods: The anti diabetic effect of ethanol extract of leaf and flowering top of Artemisia nilagirica (clark) (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally in diabetic rats. After the oral administration of ethanol extract of Artemisia nilagirica (clark), blood glucose levels were monitored at specific intervals. Results: It was found that ethanolic leaf and flower extract were significant lowered blood glucose level. In the same study the action of the extract on diabetes induced hyperlipidemia was analyzed where the extract significantly lowered the elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) level while increased the High density lipoprotein (HDL). Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg. Conclusion: The experimental data revealed that the ethanolic extract has significant antidiabetic activity in Streptozotocin-induced rats compared to the standard drug. Keywords: Artemisia nilagirica (clark), antidiabetic, glibenclamide, streptozotocin.

1274-1279

Authors: Mehedi Hasan* 1 , Mofazzal Hossain1 , Masiur Rhaman2

This prescription survey was carried out to find the most frequently used benzodiazepine class (e.g. Clonazepam, Diazepam, Bromazepam, Clobazam, Midazolam, Flurazepam and Alprazolam) and their rational use as antianxiety agents in the Comilla and Feni District of Bangladesh. All the prescriptions were collected in the June 2015, prescribed by psychiatrists throughout the month of May 2015. We have found prescription containing 21% Clonazepam, 12% Flurazepam, 6% Midazolam, 4% Alprazolam, 2% Bromazepam, 2% Diazepam and 2% Clobazam in Comilla district. 51% prescription did not contain any benzodiazepines. In Feni district, we have found 22% Clonazepam, 0% Flurazepam, 0% Midazolam, 11% Alprazolam, 6% Bromazepam, 0% Diazepam and 0% Clobazam in the prescription. 61% prescription in this district did not contain benzodiazepines. We found 1 prescription containing Midazolam and Flurazepam (both are benzodiazepines). In another prescription collected from Feni district we got 1 prescription containing Clonazepam and Alprazolam. But we recommend the citation of the chief complain or diagnosis in the prescription for better understanding and justification of using any drug especially when it is sedative, hypnotic or narcotic drug. Keywords: Psychiatric diseases, benzodiazepines, Insomnia, Anxiety, Schizophrenia

1289-1297

Authors: Pragati Lingwal *, Ganesh Kumar Bhatt, Preeti Kothiyal

The objective of this study was to prepare ampicillin–loaded nanoparticles for controlled delivery through the intravenous (i.v.) route to reduce the frequency of administration, increasing the bioavailability. Ampicillin nanoparticles were prepared by Desolvation method and characterized for drug content, particle size and size distribution, zeta potential, and in vitro drug-release study. In this method the Bovine Serum Albumin nanoparticles were prepared by Desolvation technique. Ampicillin Belonging to the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics.It is used for the treatment of infections known to be or highly likely to be caused by bacteria. All formulations were further checked for evaluation parameters. Particle size of all formulation was found to be 200 to 500nm. Zeta potential for all formulated nanoparticles were in the range of 64.1which indicates excellent stability. The maximum percentage yield was found to be 78.66% for the formulation F4.The maximum drug content was found to be 71.90% for the formulation F1.The cumulative percentage release after 11 h was found to be 53.24 to 75.60.From results it was observed as increase polymer concentration, drug release from the nanoparticles decreases. Keywords: Bovine serum albumin, Nanoparticles, Ampicillin.

1309-1313

Authors: R.B. Saxena

The genus crocus (family – iridaceae) contains ca. 150, small, corm bearing, perennial species having an old world distribution, primarily in Mediterranean- Europe, west Asia and west China. These species are highly valuated as ornamental applications. Sub-genus crocus – crocus aleppici – series are closely related, and are difficult to be separated taxonomically and have a complex cytology. Botany of crocus aleppici – series, taxonomy of their species and their infra-specific taxa are presented, and their distribution, ecology and phenology; description and chromosome counts are provided with key to their identification. Key words : Crocus, geographic area, Classification, Chromosome, Cytology, alpine – series.

1323-1331

Authors: Princy Louis Palatty1 , Sana Aboobaker2 , Ibel Chiramel Fredy3

OCD belongs to the group of personality disorders and is characterized by recurrent uncomfortable thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviours (compulsions). Altered levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and glutamate have been observed to be responsible for this condition. Various brain areas including orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and cingulated cortex shows dysfunction in OCD patients, thus contributing to the pathophysiology. The most effective lines of treatment present today are pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, sertraline etc are the first line of drugs. In subjects who are not responsive, other drugs like tricyclic antidepressants, SNRIs, SARIs and MAOIs are tried. But for a better prognosis, pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy are practiced simultaneously. In patients who are resistant to all the above mentioned treatments, electro convulsive therapy or psychosurgery can be tried. Key words: Obsessive compulsive disorder, serotonin, noradrenaline, cognitive behavioural therapy

1141-1146

Authors: Dr.Satish Kumar NS1,MD, Mrs.Pavana K2,Dr.Aswini Dutt R3, MD

Background:Type 2 diabetes and obesity have reached epidemic proportions all over the world. Women will account for the majority of diabetic cases by the year 2050. Effect of age on Cardio-metabolic risk factors in red meat consuming female type 2 diabetic patients needs to be studied. Objective:The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the relation between red meat consumption and glycemic control, blood pressure and obesity in young and aged female patients of type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a retrospective study done from the medical records of the patients of type 2 diabetes attending the YMC hospital, Mangalore. The study group consisted of female diabetic patients predominantly consuming red meat diet aged between 27 to 65 years. They were divided into two groups based on their age (viz. <40 years, >40 years of age). Their FBS, PPBS, Blood pressure and BMI were noted. These parameters between two age groups of red meat consumers were measured by unpaired t-test. Results: The data when analysed statistically revealed that female diabetic patients aged above 40 years was positively associated with poor glycemic control in terms of both FBS and PPBS(p < 0.0005).There was significantly higher BMI and BP in elderly female diabetic patients (p < 0.0005 & p< 0.005 respectively). Conclusions: We found that a consumption of red meat was associated with poor glycemic control, hypertension and obesity in patients of type 2 diabetes in elderly-aged women, which is likely due to their hormonal fluctuations. Keywords: Diabetes, Red Meat, Blood Pressure, Body mass Index, Female

1154-1166

Authors: M.Naga Ganesh* , Jamjala Naveen, T.Mangilal,M.Ravi Kumar

he present investigation is aimed to formulate floating gastroretentive tablets containing Quetiapine Fumerate using a sublimation material. The effect of the amount of HPMC K4M on swelling and eroding of the tablets was determined. The water-uptake and erosion behavior of the gastroretentive tablets were highly dependent on the amount of HPMC K4M. The water-uptake increased with increasing HPMC K4M concentration in the tablet matrix. The weight loss from tablets decreased with increasing amounts of HPMC K4M. Camphor was used as the sublimation material to prepare gastroretentive tablets that are low-density and easily floatable.Floating properties of tablets and tablet density were affected by the sublimation of camphor. Prepared floating gastroretentive tablets floated for over 24 hrs and had no floating lag time. However, as the amount of camphor in the tablet matrix increased, the crushing strength of the tablet decreased after sublimation. The release profiles of the drug from the gastroretentive tablets were not affected by tablet density or porosity. From the Formulation, Kinetic, FTIR and DSC Studies indicated that the drug was stable in the tablets. HPMC K4M can be used as a rate controlling polymer by appropriate selection in different ratios. The release of the drug from a matrix tablet was highly dependent on the polymer concentrations. Key words: Gastroretentive Quetiapine fumerate floating tablets, Effervescent method, Non Effervescent method,

1173-1177

Authors: Swetha1 , B. Mohammed Ishaq*1 , Hindustan Abdul Ahad1 , Vanitha Prakash2

Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, is an immune-modulatory agent with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic properties. The chemical name is 3-(4-amino-1-oxo 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl) piperidine- ,6-dione. Lenalidomide is indicated for the treatment of patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to Low- or Intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with a deletion cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities. Lenalidomide possesses antineoplastic, immuno- modulatory and antiangiogenic properties. The present work explains the development and validation of a simple and reliable liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of Lenalidomide in bulk and in tablet formulation. Chromatography was carried out by reversed phase technique on a Waters X-terra RP 18 (250mm x 4.6mm x 5µ) with a mobile phase composed of Methanol and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 (v/v) pumped at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection was carried out at 210 nm at the ambient column temperature of. The method was evaluated according to ICH guidelines for the various validation parameters, such as linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, specificity, and Forced degradation studies. The results of intraday and inter-day validation (n = 3) showed the method to be efficient and the same was applied in the assay of lenalidomide in tablet formulation. In conclusion, this was a simple and effective method using HPLC to detect lenalidomide in tablet formulation, which may be useful for routine quality control analysis. Keywords: Lenalidomide, antineoplastic, Waters X-terra, Methanol, Acetonitrile, HPLC.

1190-1197

Authors: P. Sravan Kumar1 , Asish Bhaumik*2 , Mrinal Kanti Sarkar3 , Nibedita Roy3 , Mahendar Boddupally4

Abstract: The main aim and objective of the present research work was to extract the potential biomolecules present in the fruit seeds of Glycosmis pentaphylla L and to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo Hepatoprotective activity. The in vitro Hepatoprotective activity was carried out by DPPH assay. The IC50 value (50% inhibition) of the EEFSGP was found to be 212.96 µg/ml. The in-vivo Hepatoprotective activity was carried out by using albino rats. The results displayed that the elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Serum bilirubin were mainly due to CCl4 intoxication, reduced significantly (*P<0.05) in rats, after treatment with ethanolic extract of fruit seeds of Glycosmis pentaphylla (EEFSGP). Treatment with EEFSGP at a dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. decreased the SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Serum Bilirubin levels by 6.23% ns(non significantly), 28.96, 8.81, and 11.11%ns (non significantly) respectively, while a higher dose of 500 mg/kg b. wt. was more effective, causing a reduction of 25.02, 47.65, 24.09, and 27.35%. Silymarin used as standard showed a reduction of 55.09, 68.98, 57.46 and 35.04% receiving CCl4 alone. So depending upon the experimental data it was confirmed that the biochemical parameters of the group treated with ethanolic extract was significantly lower than the CCl4 treated group. Moreover the treatment with the extract significantly reduced the previously raised levels of AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin in hepatotoxic rats. Histopathological investigation displayed that at both doses (250 mg/kg b.w. and 500 mg/kg b.w.), the EEFSGP was possessed moderate to good hepatoprotective activity, but at 500 mg/kg b.w. executed excellent hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced damaged hepatocytes. Key words : Biomolecules, DPPH assay, Intoxication, Hepatocyte, SGOT, SGPT, SALP.

1206-1215

Authors: M. Purushothaman*, B. Narasimha Rao, V.Viswanath, A. Sowmya latha

In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop controlled release tablets of Quetiapine fumarate by selecting different grades of HPMC and Ethyl cellulose as retarding polymers. All the formulations were prepared by direct compression method using 12mm punch on 8 station rotary tablet punching machine. The blend of all the formulations showed god flow properties such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density. The prepared tablets were shown good post compression parameters and they passed all the quality control evaluation parameters as per I.P limits. Among all the formulations F3 formulation showed maximum % drug release i.e., 97.3 % in 8 hours hence it is considered as optimized formulation. Whereas the formulations containing HPMCK100M showed more retarding with increasing concentration of polymer. The formulations with Guar gum were unable to produce the desired rug release pattern. Key Words: Quetiapine fumarate, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100 M, Guar gum, Controlled Release tablets.

1227-1239

Authors: Athiya Sulthana*1 , A. Ravi kiran1 , Suneetha Gowdu.R2 , K. Vanitha Prakash2

Background: Colon cancer is the most common cancer and fourth most frequent cause of cancer deaths worldwide. 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) is a toxic environmental pollutant which as reported as a specific colon procarcinogen. Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) in the colonic mucosa have been hypothesized to represent precursor lesions of chemically induced colon cancer. Cassia absus has been traditionally claimed to be an anti tumor agent but no studies has been done so far. Based on the traditional claims, we presumed that Cassia absus as a potential anti-oxidant and anti-tumor agent, may show ameliorating effect on DMH induced colon cancer in mice. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorating effect of ethnolic extract of whole plant of Cassia absus on DMH induced colon cancer in mice. Method: 30 mice (either sex) of 10 weeks old were divided into five groups (n=6)Group I - served as normal control group received vehicle p.o. Group II- disease control group received DMH (20mg/kg s.c.) twice a week for 2 weeks. Group-III and IV – drug treated group received DMH (20 mg/kg sc.) twice a week for 2 weeks and Cassia absus (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 weeks. Group V received DMH (20 mg/kg s.c.) twice a week for 2 weeks and 5- fluorouracil (20 mg\kg i.p.) once daily up to 2 weeks. During the treatment period body weights was measured at weekly intervals. At the end of seventh week all the animals were sacrificed and their colons were isolated for quantification of Aberrant Crypt Foci, Biochemical estimations (MDA, GSH, Catalase, SOD) and Histological studies. Results: Induction of colon cancer by DMH administration significantly decreased high incidence of ACF, aberrant crypts and crypt multiplicity along with decreased anti oxidant levels and increased colonic MDA levels. Administration of Cassia absus resulted in the decrease in the number of ACF and crypt multiplicity, antioxidant enzymes levels which reflect a favorable balance between potentially harmful oxidants and natural anti oxidants which may be attributed to the chemo preventive effect of Cassia absus. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study suggests that treatment with ethnolic extract of whole plant of Cassia absusexerts beneficial effect in DMH induced colon cancer in mice probably due to their anti oxidant and anti tumor properties. Key words: 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine (DMH), Aberrant Crypt Foci, Cassia absus

1082-1086

Authors: Alvin Jogy , Pratibha S. Kamble , Princy L. Palatty ,Clafid Lobo, Ibel Chiramel Fredy

Despite the veritable drug explosion since the 1950s, a large number of drugs is being dispensed with a significant amount of returned drugs. Little is known of the specific details of such returns. These could be contributing as a subset of wasted medications.Indigenously prepared case records form conserning details of drugs returned was prepared and administered to the drug sales persons at various local pharmacies, after a short briefing session. This study indication that returned medicines were only a subset of the unused medications. The relevant reasons included death of the patient, wrong medication, change in medication, similar looking or sounding drugs. Key words: Returned drugs, expired drugs, similar sounding/looking drugs, drug utilization, drug policy making, discarded drug disposal

1096-1102

Authors: Loganathan Velupillai*1 , Prashant P Dixit2 , M.S. Shingare1 , D.V.Mane1 , Choudhari B R

A series of seven compounds 4-(2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)-3-fluoroaniline derivatives (5I e – 5I k) was prepared from commercially available 2-Amino-3-Hdroxy Pyridine. The morpholine, pyridine, fluorine, aniline and amides were introduced in our moiety considering the better biological results in vaster range of therapeutic area. The compound bearing such moieties gives good bio-active data. The more yield and good quality of the synthesized product was shows that there is no side reaction and by product while the organic synthesis. The structure confirmation of the synthesized molecules was confirmed by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and LC-MS spectroscopy. The synthesized NCE’s were further tested for their antibacterial and antifungal studies. Some of the molecules were identified to show better antibacterial and antifulgul activity. Keywords: Pyridine morpholine, Morpholine, Fluoroaniline, Antibacterial, Antifungal

1110-1113

Authors: A. Naga Jyothi*, E. Priyanka, D. Eswar Tony, Rama Rao Nadendla

Chamaecostus cuspidatus is commonly known as fiery costus, it is a member of costaceae, and it is a newly introduced plant in India from south-central America. The leaves of this plant are used as a dietary supplement in treatment of diabetes mellitus. A number of researches have been carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of plant. It has been proven to posses various pharmacological activities on diuretics, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-cancerous. Key words: insulin plant, antidiabetic activity, quercetin, spiral flag.

1119-1125

Authors: A. T. Sharma*1, Dr. S. M. Vadvalkar2, S. B. Dhoot3

Immunotoxins are composed of a protein toxin connected to a binding ligand such as an antibody or growth factor. These molecules bind to surface antigens and kill cells by catalytic inhibition of protein synthesis within the cell cytosol. Immunotoxins have evolved with time and technology and recently, third generation immunotoxins are made by recombinant DNA techniques. The majority of these immunotoxins targeted antigens selectively expressed on cancer cells. It has been hoped that these agents could cause regression of malignant disease in patients. The studies carried over the plasma clearance of antibody-ricin-A-chain immunotoxins have been shown that after intravenous injection in animals of different species, immunotoxins are rapidly eliminated from the bloodstream. It is due to the mannose residues on the rich A-chain moiety which are specifically recognized by liver cells. The coadministration of yeast mannan with immunotoxin enhances the level of active immunotoxin in circulation by inhibition of liver uptake, which drastically improves the anti-cancer efficacy of immunotoxin in vivo. Immunotoxins can be given in combination with other anticancer therapies to manage tumour penetration. Immunotoxins also firmly increase the viral mortality when used along with effective anti-retroviral drugs. Besides many advantages, the development of many immunotoxins for cancer therapy has still many challenges like immunogenicity, unwanted toxicity, and difficulty in production, limited half-life, and resistance. Key words: Immunotoxins, antitumor, rDNA technique, ricin-A-chain immunotoxins, antiretroviral.

1133-1140

Authors: Arun Kumar Arumugarajan1*, G. Geetha2, Bhabani Shankar Nayak3

Background: The most prominent advantages of extended release formulations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are their ability to maintain optimal and therapeutically effective drug levels for prolonged duration with reduction in dosing frequency and side effects associated with NSAIDs. Aim: The objective of the present study to develop diffusion controlled matrix tablets for extended release of a model NSAID drug, Etodolac. Materials and Methodology: Etodolac control release tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using Kollidon® SR in different ratios as release rate controlling polymers. The granules were evaluated for flow properties by evaluating bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose. The tablets were evaluated for drug polymer compatibility study by FTIR, diameter, weight variation test, hardness, friability, disintegration test, in vitro drug release, release kinetics and stability studies. Results and Discussions: The FTIR study revealed that no such interactions being taking place in between drug and polymers. The flow property of granules of all tablet batches was found to be good. All the tablet formulations had good tablet physiochemical properties. In-vitro release data showed dependence of release kinetics on different percent of drug to polymer in cross-linked matrix systems. Conclusion: The results of in vitro study, it was concluded that Etodolac matrix tablet containing Kollidon® SR (10.0 %) provided most controlled release of water-soluble Etodolac over extended period of time. Keywords: Extended release, NSAIDS, Etodolac, matrix tablet, wet granulation.

966-999

Authors: Kandimalla. Chaitanya * , Bandlamudi. Yasaswini, Sudhakar R, Minu K George

Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) is the most dr eaded form of tuberculosis (TB) with Central Nervous system involvement which has very high morbidity and mortality rate. It is noted in 5 to 10% of extra pulmonary TB cases, and accounts for approximately 1% of all Tuberculosis cases. Multi - drug regimen i ncludes Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide and Streptomycin along with adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids is required in the effective management of Tuberculosis meningitis. Anti - Tuberculosis Therapy induced Hepatotoxicity is the well - kno wn side effect of several drugs which are used for the treatment of TB and it is found to be 2% to 28%. We report a case of ATT induced hepatitis (Isoniazid - Rifampin) along with tuberculosis meningitis complications such as grade II Obstructive Hydrocephal us and hyponatremia and it is successful management with Inj.Mannitol and Inj.Dexamethasone. Key Words: Tuberculous Meningitis, ATT induced Hepatitis, Hydrocephalus, Hyponatremia

984-987

Authors: Indrayani D. Raut * , Dipak S. Gumate, Tushar Chavan, Swati Chavan

Hypertension is a major disor d er that worsens the quality of life. Newer drugs are being introduced in order to treat the the hypertension. A market sur v ey of various antihypertensive drugs was carried out in the region of Islampur. the objective of the study was to find out the most frequently used drug for the antihypertensive treatment. The study revealed that the sympathoytic drugs were most used drugs followed by calcium channel b lockers and AT II receptor antagonists. Keywards: Hypertension, survey, Antihypertensive drugs.

1000-1006

Authors: C. V. S. Raghu Kiran *1 , C. Gopinath 2

The objective of the present study was to develop floating tablets of lafutidine in order to achieve an extended retention in the upper GITwhich may enhance the absorption and improve the bioavailability.The tablets were prepared by gas generation technique using differentratio and concentrations of natural gums like guar gum, gum karaya, hupu gum. Lafutidine a newly developed histamine H2 - receptor antagonist wasretained in the stomach and assist in improving the oral sustaineddelivery of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. The prepared tablets ofvarious formulations were characterized for a total floating time, buoy ancy lag time, andpercentage drug released. The blend was characterized for determination ofangle of repose, Hausner’s ratio, compressibility, bulk density and tapped density. The floating tablets wereevaluated for determination of weight variation, hardne ss, friability, content uniformity,floating lag time, total floating time, in – vitro drug release study, stability studies. The flowproperties of prepared floating tablets were found to be excellent. Tablets showed satisfactory characteristics with respect to weight, hardness and friability data. The formulation code F10 showed superior results it may be constructive for prolongeddrug release in the stomach to get better the bioavailability and abridged the dose frequency. Optimized floating tablets showed n o significant changes in the physicalappearance, drug content, total buoyancy time, and also in vitro dissolution pattern afterstorage at 40°C/75% relative humidity for 3 months. Key words: Gastro retentive drug delivery system, lafutidine, stability studi es, in - vitro drug release study.

1013-1027

Authors: A. Kumari* 1 , Aniket Singh, S . S. Saurabh 1 , K . S. Rathore 2 , R . Issara ni 1

The present work was carried out with the grail of formulating a gel lified emulsion of lycopene, an anti - oxidative agent. The distinctive feature of topical drug delivery system is the direct accessibility of the skin as a target organ for diagnosis and treatment. Emulgels have emerged as one of the most prevailing drug de livery systems for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs owing to their dual control release system i.e. gel and emulsion. Lycopene, as a natural source of anti - oxidants, has enamoured attention due to its biological and physicochemical properties. It is compl etely insoluble in water, so to overcome this limitation, an emulsion based approach was being used so that even this hydrophobic moiety can enjoy the unique property of gels. Lycopene, an anti - oxidative agent, has been used in the treatment of various oxi dative diseases. This pigment protects the cells against damage from the free radicals formed when body cells burn oxygen for energy. In order to decrease the oxidative reactions with skin i.e. to treat acne vulgaris, lycopene emulgel was developed. This w ork was conducted to develop an emulgel of lycopene using three different gelling agents i.e. Carbopol 934P, HPMC LV - 15 and NaCMC. Oleic acid was used as a penetration enhancer. The gellified emulsions were characterized for their physical appearance, rheo logy, spreadability, drug content and stability. In - vitro release studies were conducted to check the drug release through egg membrane. The formulations were evaluated for their antioxidant activity as well as their acute skin irritation potential. Formul ation F1 was found to have fallen within the stipulated criteria of all the evaluation parameters. Hence, it was concluded that formulation F1, containing carbopol 934P (1% w/w), was the optimized formulation. It exhibited the maximum drug release and anti oxidant activity, in addition to the least skin irritation potential. Keywords: Lycopene, Emulgel, Gelling agents, Anti - oxidant, gellified emulsion.

1038-1047

Authors: P. Sneha * , Prathima Srinivas

A simple, pre cise, accurate, reproducible Stability indicating RP - HPLC method was developed for the determination o f Pregabalin in pharmaceutical dosage forms. After optimization chromatographic separation was achieved by Isocratic mode with a mixture of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate: methanol in the ratio of 60:40% v/v as the mobile phase with AGILENT ZORBAX SB - ODS C18 ( 250 × 4.6 mm I.D) 5 μm column as stationary phase at flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection wavelength of 247 nm. The retention time for Pregabalin found to be 2.00 min respectively. The linearity of this method was found in the concentration range of 50 μg/mL to 150 μg/mL for pregabalin . The correlation coefficient R 2 value is found to be 0.99 for Pregabalin . The LOD and LOQ for pregabalin were found to be 0.53 μg/mL and 1.61 μg/mL respectively. Percentage recovery for pregabalin were found to be 1 00% which indicates that the proposed method is highly accurate. The drug was subjected to acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, peroxide, heat and sunlight degradation and the method was found to be specific and stability indicating as no interfering peaks of degradants and excipients were observed. Keywords: Pregabalin , RP - HPLC, Dosage form, Stability indicating.

1057-1064

Authors: S rinivasulu . P*, Vijetha . P , T. N. V . G anesh K umar , D. S uryanarayana R aju, S. V idyadhara

The antidiabetic activity is determined by estimating blood glucose levels and body weights in di abetic rats. Wound healing activity was determined by excision method. There is significant reduction of blood glucose levels from 1 week to 4 weeks in ethanolic extract treated group compared to the control group. The body weights are also increase in eth anolic extract treated group when compared to control group. The ethanolic extract ointment treated group was shown significant wound healing activity in diabetic rats when compared to the control and is almost near to standard group . Here we conclude this combination of ethanolic extract of Ficus bengalensis and Trigonella foenum - graecum was showed significant antidiabetic, weight gain and wound healing activity in alloxan induced diabetic rat model. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Ficus bengalensis, Trig onella foenum - graecum , Antidiabetic, Ethanolic extract

878-880

Authors: Shaik. Suhana*, SK. Sahena Raksha, D. Eswar Tony

Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare disease resulting from blood vessel inflammation (vasculitis), causing damage to organ systems and featuring an extended range of possible symptoms. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), also known as Kussmaul disease or Kussmaul-Maier disease, is a vasculitis of the medium and/or small arteries that become swollen and damaged as a result of the attack by rogue immune cells, and the condition may be associated with various atypical presentations. The annual incidence of PAN varies between five and nine cases per million. Men are generally more affected than women in a 2:1 ratio, most frequently between the ages of 40 and 60 years. PAN is more common in people with hepatitis B infection. PAN may affect multiple organs, including skin, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, as well as the peripheral and central nervous systems. The inflammatory process causes necrosis of cells and structural components of the artery with aneurysms or stenosis formations. PAN often can culminate in necrosis or hemorrhage of the affected organ.

886-893

Authors: K. Ramesh Reddy*1, V. Jayasankar Reddy1 G. Saisri Harsha1, K. Anil2

The main objective of the study is to formulate and evaluate oro-dispersible tablets of Metoprolol tartrate with suitable superdisintegrantsMetoprolol Tartrate is effective β-blocker used in the second line treatment for angina and for myocardial infarction. Adult dose as conventional preparations is 25-100 mg daily in single or divided doses, as extended release 100-200 mg once daily. The bioavailability of the drug when formulated as conventional tablets is 40 % due to hepatic metabolism. The present investigation was undertaken with a view to develop a fast dissolving tablet of Metoprolol tartrate which offers a new range of product having desired characteristics and intended benefits prepared by direct compression method using different concentrations of superdisintegrant. Effect of superdisintegrant on wetting time, drug content, in-vitro drug release, disintegration time has been studied. Disintegration time increased with increase in the level of Croscarmellose while it decreased for Sodium starch glycolate, the release was dependent on the aggregate size in the dissolution medium. It is concluded that Metoprolol Tartrate fast dissolving tablets could be prepared using superdisintegrant with improved bioavailability and rapid onset of action. Keywords: Fast dissolving tablets, Metoprolol Tartrate, Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium starch glycolate, disintegration time, in-vitro drug release

926-929

Authors: Divya Jonnala*, D. Navya, D. Eswar Tony

The human eye is the one of the most important part which can do major actions and having a control all over the body by sending visual impulses to brain. It is very sensitive and if we should not take care of it, results in exposure to variety of diseases. Gathering of information from the environment is the major task for our response and this can be done by the eye only. Even the mechanism of camera that we are using now a day was based on the eye only. Both the eye and camera gathers light and transforms that light into picture. Both also have lenses to focus the incoming light. Just as a camera focuses the light onto the film to create a picture, the eye focuses light onto a specialized layer of cells, called the retina to produce an image. In this review article, a neat depiction was given about the anatomy and physiology of eye. Keywords: Human eye, Sense organ, visual impulses, anatomy of eye.

937-946

Authors: M. Hareesh Reddy*1, Dr. A. Sambasiva Rao2

The goal in designing sustained or controlled delivery systems is to reduce the frequency of the dosing or to increase effectiveness of the drug by localization at the site of action, reducing the dose required or providing uniform drug delivery. Polymers which are used as release retarding materials in the design of controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS) play a vital role in controlling the delivery of drug from these systems. The success of controlled release drug delivery systems depends on how well the polymer regulates the release of drug from the system. In conventional drug therapy, a tablet provides only a single and transient burst of drug .It doesn’t maintain drug blood level with in therapeutic range for extended period of time. The short duration of action is due to the inability of conventional dosage form to control the temporal delivery. As long as the amount of drug is above the minimum effective concentration, a pharmacological response is observed. Problems occur when the therapeutic range is very narrow or when the peak is beyond the upper limit of range. The oral route is the route most often used for administration of drugs. Tablets are the most popular oral formulations available in the market and are preferred by patients and physicians alike. In long-term therapy for the treatment of chronic disease conditions, conventional formulations are required to be administered in multiple doses and therefore have several disadvantages. Sustained release dosage forms have been demonstrated to improve therapeutic efficiency by maintenance of a steady drug plasma concentration. The use of polymers in controlling the release of drugs has become an important tool in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Sustained release can be achieved by formulating drugs as matrix devices using HPMC, Sodium CMC and other swellable polymer. Also the matrix tablets are easy to prepare and they are cost effective and exhibit predictable release behavior. Key Words: Controlled drug delivery systems (CRDDS), Matrix tablet, HPMC, Sodium CMC, Swellable polymer

955-960

Authors: Y. Naveen Kumar*1, Dr. J. Sreekanth2

The main aim of this work is Esomeprazole sodium is formulated as controlled release tablets to provide desired effect at certain time in maintained drug concentration without any unwanted effect with patient compliance also to improve it bioavailability by decreasing its expose to gastric acid. A controlled release dosage form is designed to release the drug from the dosage form at a time other than promptly after administration. UV Spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Esomeprazole in pharmaceutical formulations. Then the tablets were prepared by dry granulation method rather than direct compression because of cohesive property of the drug. Optimized core tablet then subjected for enteric coating by selected base coat polymer cellulose derivative for preventing core tablet from moisture. The coated formulations were compared with marketed sample (ESOZ) for optimization. Dissolution results of tablets with enteric coating have shown release of Esomeprazole in simulated gastrointestinal fluid pH 1.2, but most of the drug released in pH 6.8 Phosphate buffer. At the end it was found that prepared formulation gave satisfactory results compared with marketed sample dissolution profile. Hence prepared formulation by-pass the degradation of Esomeprazole by enteric coating approach and can be used as single unit dosage for the treatment of acid-related diseases. Thus a pharmaceutically equivalent, robust formulation of Esomeprazole controlled release tablet was developed. Keywords: Esomeprazole, UV spectrophotometric method, Enteric coating, Controlled release tablets, In vitro drug release.

967-973

Authors: S. El Adib ¹, S. Slim, E. Hamdeni

The Barbary fig is a plant of the arid and semi-arid areas that is able to adapt to poor soils and high temperatures. The cactus has interesting properties that grow and develop the culture promote its byproducts. This study was conducted on three cultivars of Opuntia ficus-indica are those of Zelféne, Sbeïtla and Kairouan. The study was made in order to carry out a description and comparison between cultivars. In terms of recovery methods, extraction and characterization of the oil was made from the seeds. The oil yields vary from 1.35 to 1.9% for Sbeïtla and Kairouan cultivars and reached 2.7% for the cultivar Zelféne. The major fatty acids present in the oil of the seeds are palmitic acid (C16: 0), stearic acid (C18: 0), linoleic acid (C18: 2) and oleic acid (C18: 1 ). However, the most dominant fatty acid is linoleic acid with 61.79 of contents; 57.19 and 58.92% respectively for Zelféne, Sbeïtla and Kairouan. As for the sterol composition, siosterol Beta is the major component of this oil whose content varies from 67.14% for the cultivar Sbeïtla and 81.18% for that of Zelféne. Seed of oil is also rich in vitamins (tocopherols) which γ-tocopherol is the largest reaching 57.98 mg / 100 g of oil. Keywords: Opuntia ficus-indica -Oil seeds - fatty acids - tocopherol - sterols Corresponding Author: