Orthodontic Journal of Nepal

5-6

Authors: Rabindra Man Shrestha

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10069 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.3(2) 2013; 5-6

11-17

Authors: Aradhana Agarwal, Vinit Swami, RB Sable

Abstract Introduction: One of the most difficult problems in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is enamel demineralization around the brackets. This iatrogenically caused white spot lesions leads to poor esthetics; and in severe cases it may need restorative treatment. Objective: To evaluate in vivo effect of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP)-containing orthodontic composite on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets, and to compare it with the conventional resin based orthodontic composite. Materials & Method: 20 orthodontic patients planned for four first premolars extraction were selected for the study. All first premolars were bonded with Aegis Ortho, an ACP-containing orthodontic composite (experimental group), and Transbond XT, a resin-based orthodontic composite (control group). After 45 days teeth were extracted, sectioned for the microhardness group and evaluated by superficial-microhardness analysis and stereomicroscopic study. Unpaired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed. Result: The ANOVA showed statistically significant differences for position, material, depth, and their interactions (p <0.001). The multiple comparison test showed that the ACP-containing orthodontic composite was significantly more efficient than the conventional composite, reducing enamel demineralization in almost all evaluations (p <0.001). The stereomicroscopic examinations showed a lesser extent of demineralization around orthodontic brackets for the ACP-containing orthodontic composite group. Conclusion: ACP-containing orthodontic composite for bonding orthodontic brackets successfully inhibited demineralization, which was localized to the area around the brackets. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10071 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.3(2) 2013; 11-17 Keywords amorphous calcium phosphate; area of demineralization; conventional composite; white spot lesion

22-26

Authors: Nabil M Al-Zubair

Abstract Objective: To assess the dental arch forms of Yemeni adult sample. Materials & Method: The Eucledian clustering method of analysis was utilized for the determination of dental arch form. A total of 398 study models were constructed and evaluated to do measurements for both arches using a modified sliding caliper gauge. Six dental cast measurements divided into three sagittal and three transverse measurements were utilized to represent the dental arch width and length measurements. Result: Narrow form is the most prevalent arch form (30.9%) followed by wide form (23.9%), their prominence appear more in females and the least prevalent arch form was the mid form (9.3%), while flat and pointed forms were in between 18.3% and 17.6% respectively. Conclusion: Five arch forms: narrow, wide, mid, pointed and flat were distinguished as unique forms for the dental arches, with the predominance of the narrow arch form were found among Yemeni adults. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10073 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.3(2) 2013; 22-26 Keywords arch form; dental cast analysis; Yemeni dental Arch

32-35

Authors: Apeksha Mainali

Abstract Introduction: Intra-oral and extra-oral tissues are at risk of damage during orthodontic treatment, most commonly oral ulcerations. Clinicians should assess and monitor every aspect of patient’s treatment procedure to achieve an uneventful and successful final result. Objective: To evaluate occurrence of oral ulcerations in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. To evaluate the most common type of ulceration and to assess the management of such ulcerations by the orthodontists. Materials & Method: A questionnaire-based study was used among Nepalese and international orthodontists. Data were analyzed statistically using descriptive analysis and Chi-square test, p<0.05 was considered to be significant with a confidence interval of 95%. Result: Most common oral ulceration encountered during orthodontic treatment was traumatic ulceration which was managed by symptomatic measures. There was a statistically significant difference in the method of education to the patients among national and international orthodontists. Conclusion: Careful use of instruments, careful fitting and adjustment of the appliances should be done to avoid oral ulcerations during orthodontic treatment. Topical medicines can be used for management of such ulcers. Nepalese orthodontists should focus on using audio-visual aids for patient education as it has great promise in enhancing patient understanding and in prompting behavioral change. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10075 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.3(2) 2013; 32-35 Keywords education method; oral ulceration; topical medicine

40-43

Authors: Barsha Thapa, Li Peng Wu

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10079 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.3(2) 2013; 40-43

46-49

Authors: Neetu Dabla, P Narayana Prasad, Arjun Vedvyas, Richa Aggarwal

Abstract Facial asymmetry and functional problems due to dentofacial discrepancy and soft tissue disparities are commonly managed by orthognathic surgery and augmentation procedures. Distraction osteogenesis is a relatively new technique of bone generation and reconstruction. A patient reported with the chief complaint of asymmetry of face and deviated chin; had temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Distraction device was applied with simultaneous release of ankylosis by gap arthroplasty. For management of mandibular deformity and discrepancy of the dentition, orthodontic therapy was done using MBT 0.022” prescription. Distraction was stopped when the midline of upper central incisor coincided with the midline of lower central incisor followed by stabilization period of ten weeks. The functional and esthetic results achieved were acceptable. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10078 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.3(2) 2013; 46-49 Keywords distraction osteogenesis; facial asymmetry; TMJ ankylosis

7-13

Authors: Rabindra Man Shrestha

Abstract Introduction: Human dental arch acquires stable form and dimensions with the attainment of adulthood. The orthodontic treatment regimen signifies the predetermination of the shape and type of dental arch form of a particular adult population to harmonize with their natural pattern. The use of predetermined arch form helps in diagnosis, treatment planning and stability of orthodontic treatment results. Objective: To analyze the dental arch forms of Nepalese adults and to classify them into morphological types. Materials & Method: Predetermined transverse and sagittal dimensions on dental stone models of one hundred Nepalese adults aged 17-32 years with normal occlusion and dentofacial proportion were measured using standardized Boley gauze. The analysis was done according to Raberin’s mathematical sixth degree polynomial method. The study compared the gender difference among the Nepalese samples. Result: The distribution of the Nepalese arch form types were; 26% flat arch, 24% wide arch, 19% pointed arch, 18% narrow arch and 13% mid arch. Conclusion: Considerable variation in distribution of dental arch form types found between Nepalese male and female samples and among population groups. The analysis enables the mathematical method that predetermines the dental arch form of the individual orthodontic patient. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9267 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 7-13 Keywords arch form; orthodontic; polynomial; sagittal; transverse

19-25

Authors: Sujita Shrestha, Rabindra Man Shrestha

Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal characteristics in referred Nepalese orthodontic patients with respect to age, gender, Angle’s classification. Materials & Method: Study models of 464 orthodontic patients (165 male and 299 female) of the age ranging from 11 to 30 years were studied to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion using Angle’s classification and occlusal characteristics of overjet, overbite, open bite, cross bite, displacement, and hypodontia according to the method of Dental Health Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The association between DHC grades and Angle’s classification and gender were assessed using chi-square test (p < 0.01). Result: The malocclusion status among the Nepalese seeking orthodontic treatment was 54.7% Class I, 36.9% Class II, and 8.4% Class III. The occurrence of occlusal discrepancies were overjet in 43.8%, increased overbite in 20.7%, open bite in 8.2%, cross bite in 23.3%, displacement in 65.7% and hypodontia in 11.3%. Conclusion: 16.2 % required no/little treatment need, 20.4% required borderline treatment need, and 63.4 % required great/severe treatment need according to DHC scale. There was statistically significant association between DHC grades and distribution of malocclusion and gender of the Nepalese subjects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9272 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 19-25 Keywords Angle’s classification; dental health component; malocclusion; orthodontic patients

31-36

Authors: Sandhya Shrestha, Lipika Shrestha, Namita Shrestha, Rabindra M Shrestha

Abstract Introduction: Attaining improved aesthetics and proper occlusion are main reasons for commencing orthodontic treatment in any patient. However it is anticipated that orthodontic treatment increases the risk of carious lesions. Objective: To analyze prevalence of dental caries in relation to gender, age group, duration of orthodontic treatment and malocclusion type; and to assess oral hygiene and food habit practice in Nepalese orthodontic patients. Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was done in 212 orthodontic patients (age range 11-30 years) having fixed appliance for at least six months duration. A survey form based on ‘Dentition Status & Treatment Need, WHO’ was used to depict DMFT Index and prevalence of dental caries. A questionnaire was used to assess the practice of oral hygiene measures and food habits of the orthodontic patients. The association between dental caries and gender, age group, duration of orthodontic treatment and malocclusion type were analyzed using chi-square test (p<0.05). Result: The prevalence of dental caries (DMFT) was 79.2% and mean DMFT value was 2.87 among Nepalese orthodontic patients. Occurrence of dental caries among male and female patients was 69.44% and 60% respectively. Caries occurrence was highest in age group 16-20 years (72.22%), in more than 18 months treatment duration group (63.92%) and in Class I malocclusion group (68.38%). Similarly, 30.2% consume sweets foodstuff, 26.9% consume junk food and 14.2% consume snacks in between meals frequently. Conclusion: Fairly good proportion of Nepalese orthodontic patients practice normal oral hygiene methods but very few use special oral hygiene measures. The study showed no association between dental caries occurrence and gender groups, age groups, duration of orthodontic treatment and malocclusion types. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9279 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 31-36 Keywords dental caries; DMFT; malocclusion; occurrence; orthodontic treatment; prevalence

41-46

Authors: Manoj Humagain, Dashrath Kafle

Abstract Introduction: Gingival recession is the location of marginal periodontal tissues apical to the cemento-enamel junction, which can lead to many clinical problems. The prevalence, extension and severity of gingival recession present considerable differences among various study populations. Objective: To assess the prevalence, extension and severity of gingival recession among rural Nepalese adults. Materials & Method: The study was performed on 246 adult dentate rural patients above 20 years of age having at least 24 natural teeth. The prevalence, extension and severity of gingival recession were assessed by a single examiner using William’s graduated periodontal probe. Type and severity of gingival recession was recorded by using Miller’s criteria of apico-coronal height of recession defects. Result: Gingival recession was present in 65.44 % of the total study sample and mean number of teeth with gingival recession was 9.77. The prevalence of gingival recession was 41.37%, 58.90%, 77.41% and 86.79% in age groups of 20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and ≥ 50 years respectively. In younger age groups Class I gingival recession was more prevalent whereas Class III and Class IV gingival recession was more prevalent in older age groups. Mandibular central incisors were the teeth most frequently affected by gingival recession (7.3%). Conclusion: 9.64% of teeth were affected by severe form of gingival recession at the age group 20-29 years as compared to 48.09 % at the age groups more than 50 years. High prevalence of gingival recession in adult subjects provides information about the importance of diagnosis and knowledge on these pathological gingival changes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9281 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 41-46

53-57

Authors: Swati Acharya, Satyabrata Patnaik, Sanjeeb Sahu, Ramachandra Prabhakar.

Abstract Introduction: Prolonged treatment duration is a major problem of orthodontic patients. Canine retraction through dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis was introduced to reduce the overall orthodontic treatment period. Objective: To evaluate the canine angulation by means of dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis to achieve rapid canine retraction. Materials & Method: The study sample consisted of 20 maxillary canines in 10 adult patients (mean age 19.53 years). First bicuspids were extracted, a rigid custom made intraoral distractor was placed, distraction osteogenesis surgical procedure was performed. Result: Complete retraction of canines was achieved in a mean duration of 9.23 days with minimal anchorage loss. The mean change in canine angulation was 10.13° ± 3.44°. Bodily movements of the canines were noticed with minimal tipping of mean 7.11° (6°-8° range). No radiographic and clinical complications were encountered. Conclusion: There was a significant change in canine angulation after distraction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9283 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 53-57 Keywords canine distraction; canine rotation and angulation, dentoalveolar distraction rigid distraction device

63-68

Authors: Rajiv Yadav, Basanta K Shrestha

Abstract Impacted teeth are those with a delayed eruption time or that are not expected to erupt completely based on clinical and radiographic assessment. Palatal displacement of the maxillary canines is defined as the developmental dislocation to a palatal site often resulting in tooth impaction requiring surgical and orthodontic treatments. Impacted permanent maxillary canine occur in 1-2% of the population. The Occurrence of impacted permanent maxillary canines are; 85% palatal and 15% labial. The prevalence of palatally displaced canines (PDC) fluctuates between 0.8-5.2%. Palatally erupting or impacted maxillary canines occur twice often in females than males, and are five times more common in Caucasians than Asians. Of all patients with maxillary impacted canines, 8% have bilateral impactions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9285 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 63-68

73-75

Authors: Situ L Shrestha, Supreeth S Manipal, Bikash V Shrestha, Alok K Jaiswal.

Abstract The article presents a case report of a teen age girl with Class II Division 2 malocclusion with deep over bite. The case was treated on non-extraction basis using 0.018 pre-adjusted edgewise appliance with anterior bite plate (monobloc) to correct deep bite and forward placement of the mandible. Use of Class II elastics helped to achieve Class I canine and molar retention. Treatment was completed in 22 months with good occlusion and facial esthetics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9287 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 73-75

9-15

Authors: Sujita Shrestha, Rabindra Man Shrestha

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v2i1.9288 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.2(1) 2012: 9-15 Keywords index; malocclusion; orthodontic treatment; referred population

21-27

Authors: Umesh Parajuli, Praveen Mishra, Prakash Bhattarai, Manish Bajracharya, Keshab Raj Paudel, Sapna Laxmi Tuladhar

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v2i1.9290 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.2(1) 2012: 21-27 Keywords cephalometric analysis; Class III malocclusion; craniofacial pattern; normal occlusion; skeletal combinations

32-35

Authors: Chandan Upadhyaya, Bhoj Raj Adhikari, Dashrath Kafle, Manoj Humagain

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v2i1.9292 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.2(1) 2012: 32-35 Keywords agenesis; panoramic radiographs; third molars

41-43

Authors: Dashrath Kafle, Reetu Shrestha, Binam Sapkota, Nisha Acharya

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v2i1.9354 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.2(1) 2012: 41-43 Keywords aesthetic; biological width; ferrule; orthodontic extrusion; trauma

47-50

Authors: Pramod Joshi, Nilesh Hegde, Sudhakar Bhat

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v2i1.9356 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.2(1) 2012: 47-50 Keywords Hypodontisia; management; multidisciplinary; tooth transposition

55-57

Authors: Situ Lal Shrestha, AN Chumakov, DV Bobrov, Alok Kumar Jaiswal

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v2i1.9358 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.2(1) 2012: 55-57 Keywords CBS Appliance

10

Authors: Rabindra Man Shreshta

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9373 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 10

16-19

Authors: Binod Acharya

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9360 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 16-19

24-27

Authors: Basanta K Shrestha, Rajiv Yadav, rajesh Gyawali, Sanjay Gupta.

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9362 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 24-27 Keywords Malocclusion; Medical Students; Prevalence

31-35

Authors: Dashrath Kafle, Saruba Ulrich

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9364 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 31-35 Keywords Angle Class II Division 1; Camouflage; Mandibular plane angle; Skeleto-dental

42-46

Authors: Manju Bajracharya

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9366 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 42-46 Keywords Cepalometrics; Class II Division 1 malocclusion; Incisor jaw bone; Maxillary bone

52-55

Authors: Ayush Razdan Singh, Ruchita Verma

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9368 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 52-55 Keywords Biologic width; crown lengthening; orthodontic root extrusion

60-62

Authors: Sandhya Shrestha, Rabindra M Shrestha, Marisha Dahal.

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9370 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 60-62

68-70

Authors: Mamta Dali, Parajeeta Dijshit, Sandhya Joshi, Arathi Rao

Abstract DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9372 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 68-70 Keywords Interceptive orthodontics; Malocclusion; Mesiodens; Midline diastema