The International Journal of Indian Psychology

5

Authors: Mina Khatibi1, Razieh Sheikholeslami2

This review describes the key ideas of the influential psychologist Eleanor J. Gibson, developed over 70 years of research with infants, children, adults, and a wide range of nonhuman species. Gibson’s ecological approach to perceptual learning and development describes how perception—extracting meaningful information from the environment to guide actions adaptively—improves with experience, the acquisition of new means of exploration, and the development of new perception-action systems (Adolph and Kretch).

7

Authors: Firdos Jehan1, Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani2

Thebehavioral and psychological differences between women and men have puzzled social scientists for many years. Differences between men and women are often overestimated and their behavioral, cognitive and emotional differences are often attributed to innate biological factors. Stereotyped beliefs about men and women often have serious social and clinical implications. Research in gender psychology has shown that men and women are more similar than different. Besides biological models, psychologists have given many models which helps describe and explain the various psychosocial theories of gender development. This paper will attempt to distinguish between two often confusing terms sex and gender and highlights various psychosocial models of gender development leading to possible gender differences in terms of cognitions, emotions and behaviors.

8

Authors: Mohammad Kianbakht1, Ghasem Ansarinia2, Shiva Nematpour kapourchal3

Object (s): the present research has considered the relationship between beliefs, perceptions of pain with intensity of chronic pain disorder. Methods: these fire fighters of the city of 4 research is known as sectional study. In such a study, Tehran was selected by cluster sampling. Data from the questionnaires, chronic pain, pain beliefs and formed perceptions, coping strategies and perfectionism were collected. Data is analyzed by the step by step method which is called regression analyses method. Results: there was positive significant relation between beliefs in continuous pain in the future, belief in self-blame, belief in pain stability at the present, belief in mysterious pain with the intensity of chronic pain disorder as well as, according to the multiple variable of regression analyses, the results has been showed that, the contribution of each pre-variable, self-blame  continuous pain separately is as follow; Mysterious pain; as well as the various intensity of pain disorder was , pain stability  explained too. Conclusion: Regard with result of this study, it is essential to create self-adaptive belief in the patients who suffer from chronic pain, so if we use the treatment of self-adaptive cognition along with other treatments to reduce pain, it can have more benefit to control and reduce the chronic pain among the firemen who suffer from it.

8

Authors: Dr. Shashi Kala Singh1

The present study aimed at examining the impact of mental health on academic achievement of college students. For this purpose 200 college students (100 males & 100 females) were selected from different colleges of Ranchi town. The marks obtained in class XIIth of Central Board of Secondary Education was used as the indicator of academic achievement. Students were classified into two groups namely high achiever (who obtained above 65% marks) and low achiever (who obtained below 50% marks).The data was collected by Mental Health Battery which was developed by Arun Kumar Singh and AlpnaSen Gupta.The result showed that male, group was mentally healthy than female group. High achiever group was mentally healthy than low achiever group. Mental health was positively related with academic achievement.

9

Authors: Susmita Halder1, Akash Kumar Mahato2

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric illness characterized by gross disturbances in thought, perception and speech. The illness is heterogenous in terms of its manifestation as well as etiological factors. Over last two decades, evidence of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and its impact on functioning and outcome in schizophrenia has been one of the predominant areas of research in schizophrenia. The present article gives an overview of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, its nature and course as well as remediation strategies.

9

Authors: Mina Khatibi1, Mahboobeh Fouladchang2

George Siemens and Stephen Downes developed a theory for the digital age, called connectivism, denouncing boundaries of behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Their proposed learning theory has issued a debate over whether it is a learning theory or instructional theory or merely a pedagogical view ( Duke, Harper, and Johnston, 2013 ). Connectivism is the thesis that knowledge is distributed across a network of connections, and therefore that learning consists of the ability to construct and traverse those networks. An account of connectivism is therefore necessarily preceded by an account of networks ( Downes, 2012). Current developments with technology and social software are significantly altering: (a) how learners access information and knowledge, and (b) how learners dialogue with the instructor and each other. Both of these domains (access and interaction) have previously been largely under the control of the teacher or instructor ( Siemens, 2008). It is a clear fact that nowadays knowledge is growing faster and with the spreading of information and communication technology, the dream of network learning has become a reality, at least technically, and now a vast amount of spontaneous knowledge exchange is possible (Shahin, 2012). Google Scholar, Scopus, and open access journals offer increased access to academic resources; an extension to more informal approaches such as regular internet search and Wikipedia. Social software (blogs, wikis, social bookmarking, instant messaging, Skype, Ning) provide opportunities for learners to create, dialogue about, and disseminate information (Siemens, 2008). Three major domains are covered, knowledge, learning and community. Each of these represents an aspect of network theory: the first, examining the cognitive properties of networks, the second, looking at how networks learn, and the third, tracing the properties of effective networks. These also represent the processes of learning, inference and discovery in society writ large ( Downes, 2012). Since half of what is known today was not known 10 years ago, there should be more researches about the use, benefits and drawbacks of connectivism in the cotext of formal and informal lerning(Shahin, 2012). Although there is not a large amount of research currently available on the application of connectivism in education, explain some possible applications, such as: social networking, personal learning environments and open courseware are explained (Elliot and Martin, 2011). Since half of what is known today was not known 10 years ago, there should be more researches about the use, benefits and drawbacks of connectivism in the cotext of formal and informal lerning (Shahin, 2012). Although there is not a large amount of research currently available on the application of connectivism in education, some possible applications, such as: social networking, personal learning environments and open courseware are explained (Elliot and Martin, 2011).

11

Authors: Shafeeqa bano1

The present study aimed at investigating “Impulsiveness of different sociometric groups among secondary school students”. Initially the sample consisted of 2000 secondary school students (girls) of Aligarh district. After that through simple random sampling, four sociometric categories i.e., Populars(100), Neglectees(100), isolates(100) and rejectees(100) were drawn and taken as the final research subject. The test developed by Sharma (1970) was used for drawing sociometric categories. To study Impulsiveness among these sociometric categories, the scale developed by Rai & Sharma(1988) was used . The finding of the research indicated that no Significant difference was found among four Sociometric groups ( i.e., populars, neglectees, isolates, & rejectees)” and between the two sociometric groups i.e., populars & neglectees, populars & isolates, populars & rejectees, neglectees & isolates, neglectees & rejectees, isolates & rejectees on the variable of impulsiveness.

12

Authors: Dr. Meghamala. S. Tavaragi1, Mrs. Sushma.C2, Dr. Susheelkumar V. Ronad3

World Mental Health Day (10 October) is a day for global mental health education, awareness and advocacy. It was first celebrated in 1992 at the initiative of the World Federation for Mental Health, a global mental health organization with members and contacts in more than 150 countries. This day, each October thousands of supporters come to celebrate this annual awareness program to bring attention to Mental Illness and its major effects on peoples' life worldwide. In some countries this day is part of the larger Mental Illness Awareness Week. Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of a mental disorder it is the "psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment". The definition of mental health highlights emotional well-being, the capacity to live a full and creative life, and the flexibility to deal with life's inevitable challenges. A person struggling with his or her behavioral health may face stress, depression, anxiety, relationship problems, grief, addiction, ADHD or learning disabilities, mood disorders, or other psychological concerns. Counselors, therapists, life coaches, psychologists, nurse practitioners or physicians can help manage behavioral health concerns with treatments such as therapy, counseling, or medication. At the beginning of the 20th century, Clifford Beers founded the National Committee for Mental Hygiene and opened the first outpatient mental health clinic in the United States of America. The mental hygiene movement, related to the social hygiene movement, had at times been associated with advocating eugenics and sterilization of those considered too mentally deficient to be assisted into productive work and contented family life. Global mental health is the international perspective on different aspects of mental health. The overall aim of the field of global mental health is to strengthen mental health all over the world by providing information about the mental health situation in all countries, and identifying mental health care needs in order to develop cost-effective interventions to meet those specific needs.

30

Authors: Kiran Sakkar Sudha1

In inter disciplinary researches of social sciences, resistance as phenomena has not been explored much and conformity was considered something very natural and normal while resistance could not come to the fore. The study is a modest attempt to explore resistance following Delhi gang rape protest which is still fresh in our collective memory following social identity approach as well as sociological perspective. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 10 subjects (5 males and 5 females). Interpretive phenomenological approach was used to draw meaning out of the interview transcripts. Social identity approach outlines the following themes in understanding resistance: formation of oppositional identity, illegitimacy of the out group, affective involvement, cognitive alternatives, the role of third party etc. However, the protestors could not identify single out group to rally against which is so important in social identity, for some patriarchy as a system was out group, for some it was state machinery, political class etc. The notion of leadership was not in sync with social identity approach as the leaders were ―faceless‖ and it was ―shifting.‖ However, it was not pure resistance (Hollander & Einwohner, 2004) as there were many references to those structures by protestors against which protest was initially meant for.