The International Journal of Indian Psychology

01 to 08

Authors: Mr. Ankit P. Patel*

Sigmund Freud was one of the trailblazers of modern-day psychology. As the originator of Psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an intellectual giant. He pioneered new techniques for understanding human behavior, and his efforts resulted in the most comprehensive theory of personality and psychotherapy ever developed. Freud was the firstborn in a Viennese family of three boys and five girls. He was born in Freiberg, a rural town near Ostrau in northwestern Moravia. Even though Freud's family had limited finances and were forced to live in a crowded apartment, his parents made every effort to foster his obvious intellectual capacities. From a very early age he had many interests, unfortunately his career choices were limited because of his Jewish heritage. He attended school at "Leopoldstdter Communal-Real-und Obergymnasium" and took his leaving exam in July 1873. This was also the year that Freud registered at the faculty of Medicine at the University of Vienna. In 1881 he obtained his doctorate in medicine. From 1876 to 1882 he worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Physiology under Ernst Brcke, with neurology as his main focus. In 1885 Freud received a One-year scholarship with Charcot at the "Salpetriere" in Paris. In 1886 Freud opened his first neurologist's office in Vienna, Rathausstrasse 7. Under Jean-Martin Charcot, Freud practiced and observed hypnosis as a clinical technique, and began to formulate the beginnings of his theory on the mind. Freud went on to make nervous ailments his speciality, concentrating on hysteria. By 1895, the year he published Studies on Hysteria with Josef Breuer, he had made significant progress in mapping out and defining his own theory of the mind. A period of intense work and self-analysis, further inspired by the death of his father, led Freud to his publication of The Interpretation of Dreams in 1900 and of Psychopathology of Everyday Life in 1901. The latter work, offering amusing and easily applicable anecdotes of Freudian slips, found a wide audience for his theories of the mind. By 1902 he finally gained the position of associate professor at the University of Vienna. In 1908 Freud established a Psychoanalytic society in Vienna, and thus his new field began to gain wider acceptance. Also in this period Freud published papers on religion, literature and more importantly his introductory lectures, which secured him a wide and popular audience. In 1920, inspired by the death of his daughter Sophie, Beyond the Pleasure Principle was published. Soon after in 1923 The Ego and the Id was published. This work contained a final formulation of his structural theory of the mind. In late 1923 Freud suffered from cancer and had surgery. However he continued to publish his work and in 1927 he published a series of papers on female sexuality. Freud died in 1939. Today he falls under criticism from most sides, as his speculative theories fail to find support. However, Freud's work presented a new way of thinking about human nature, and his legacy lives on in the vocabulary and beliefs of millions.

25 to 38

Authors: Mr. Rajendrakumar M. Parmar

This stage generally refers to those over 60–80 years. During old age, people experience a conflict between integrity vs. despair. When reflecting on their life, they either feel a sense of accomplishment or failure. Physically, older people experience a decline in muscular strength, reaction time, stamina, hearing, distance perception, and the sense of smell. They also are more susceptible to severe diseases such as cancer and pneumonia due to a weakened immune system. Mental disintegration may also occur, leading to Dementia or Alzheimer's disease. However, partially due to a lifetime's accumulation of antibodies, the elderly are less likely to suffer from common diseases such as the cold. Whether or not intellectual powers increase or decrease with age remains controversial, longitudinal studies have suggested that intellect declines, while cross-sectional studies suggest that intellect is stable. It is generally believed that crystallized intelligence increases up to old age, while fluid intelligence decreases with age. For young people, time seems to have no end. But, as time passes we suddenly realize that the number of remaining years is limited. The realization that we are growing old can be traumatic. Our ideas about and attitudes toward aging are very important in how well we cope with and enjoy the passing years, Some psychological characteristics of aging get passed down from generation to generation through our genes. Others can result from real or perceived changes in our bodies as we age (e.g., mental or physical limitations). Social and cultural differences also affect how we deal with aging. Men and women think about aging differently, because of biological, social, and psychological differences between the sexes. For example, women tend to live longer than men, so they generally experience more losses of family members and friends.

47 to 53

Authors: Ramesh O. Prajapati*

Aim of the research is to find out the Psychological Well-being among joint and nuclear families. So investigator selected two groups one is joint families and other is nuclear families, both groups have 200 persons. In one group has 89 and other one groups has 111 persons. The all subjects were randomly selected. Data were collected from Ahmedabad district. Scale was use for data collection is personal datasheet and Psychological Well-being scale developed by Bhogale and Prakash (1995), and data were analysis by „t‟ test. Result show, There is no significant difference between the psychological well-being of joint and nuclear family. There is no significant difference between the psychological well-being of married and unmarried person‟s.

68 to 72

Authors: Kothival Krishna P

The main purpose of this research was to find out the mean difference between professor and primary teacher women in mental health. The total sample consisted 60 women were taken. The research tool for mental health was measured by Dr. Jagdish and Dr. A. K. Srivastava. Here't' test was applied to check the significance of mental health in professor and primary teacher. Result shows that No Significant difference between professor and primary teacher in mental health. Introduction : More recently, the concept of mental health has received added significance because of changing societal complexity and global problems. Traditionally, the absence of negative mental states such as depression and anxiety present a picture of mental health, with the emergence of health psychology, psychologists, have indicated presence of positive aspects like achievement, personal competence autonomy etc as more important criteria of mental health. Involvement is a central life interest. So According to corchin, "Positive Mental Health is the key of person's cohesive development."

93 to 97

Authors: Mr. Bhavesh G. Gopani

The aim of present study was to investigate emotional intelligence among professors of granted and non-granted collages. The Random sampling method was used in this study. The total sample consisted 60 professors among this 30 of granted and 30 non-granted collages . Along with the respective personal data sheet and emotional intelligence scale developed by Hayd, Path and Dhar (2001) and it is also translated in Guajarati by Rathod used from data collaction. Data was analyzed by „t‟test verify the hypothesis. The result shows that „t‟ value is 4.13 that is significant at 0.01 level. So, the hypothesis is not accepted. it means professor of granted and non-granted was very far difference between emotional intelligence.

104 to 105

Authors: Chauhan Ajay. J

Today women is walking step to sleep with men. There is not a single place. Where man was cannot works in driving, teachers, etc, in doing so she has to pass many difficult and hard paths in her life .ex.., Sunita Williams. “A mother is better than hundred teachers “. There is no doubt in this proverb. Today women faces violence's is her home as well as of her working place. There are many points to be discussed in this modern era, but the more debatable point is women. There are many forms of women. Today she is walking step to sleep with men. Today there is no single place where we cannot see women. Or we can say that there is not a single place where women cannot work. Today she drives four wheel and taxi. She has no inferiority complete in doing any work. There was a time when she has place within four walls of home. A woman that means a means of maintainers' house bold work. Here we shall discuss both importance and violence against her. She has never gainer importance by our society. But even though she has proved her importance. In doing so she has to pars many difficult and hard paths in her life. Today women like Sunnita Williams her research in Space shuttle. It was no their but she hard work. Otherwise, our society might not permitted to go out of her home.in fact, one cannot do such work in hulk as a women is doing one cannot even care for work so bulky. A women is said mother and there is a proverb that “A mother is better there hundred teachers.’’ There is no doubt in this proverb. Today women faces violence is her home as well as of her working place. There is no single place where she is not facing violence. The only reason is our man dominated society. Today rape, kidnapping, theft, robbery, dirty politics is seen everywhere. And only thing penal each misbehavior is women and money. Because we have given too much importance to money .but such importance has not seen given to women. Ever through we believe her as a “Laxmi” of our home. God has not named her merely by weighing with money but the real meaning of the “secreatlaxmi” is something else. The government has named her laxmi because she is the only person who has strength to maintain her home single and really. To maintain home to look after family members, and at times she has to do job, so she is called laxmi by the god. A woman has capacity to play thousand roles in her life.so she is named as laxmi. Can a man do such hard work?