International Journal for Research in Emerging Science and Technology

1-5

Authors: Dr. M. Ramakrishnan, R. Sujatha

ABSTRACT Cryptography is basically essential for protecting sensitive information as the importance of security and the privacy of it has become crucial in this electronic world with the advent of online transaction and processing e-commerce. Nowadays security of digital images is a major area of concern, especially when we deal with medical images where it may be stored or sent through insecure communication channels. In this paper we propose to make use of neural networks which has fewer overheads and also requires fewer computations. The key used here is complex so that undesirable sources will not be able to access it. Thereby we generate the key using neural network. Using the encryption algorithm such as blowfish, we encrypt the image. The encrypted image is compressed with the help of burrow’s-wheeler transform which is a lossless compression. And then this compressed secured information is successfully transmitted. In this paper we obtain the results by simulation using MATLAB. Keywords — Cryptography, Neural network, Blowfish Algorithm, Burrow’s-Wheeler Transform

1-5

Authors: Robert Mark, Vandana V. Thakare

ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel method of bandwidth estimation using variation of finger length on interdigital band pass filter has been presented using artificial neural networks for desired frequency range between 1.5--3.5GHz. Interdigital filter is multifinger periodic structure which offers compact filter design space. An ANN model has been developed and tested for estimating the cut off frequency of band pass filter and performance is evaluated in terms of mean square error and concluded that RBF network is more accurate than MLPFFBP. The proposed method of design provides the exact bandwidth for particular finger length of filter without using painstaking calculation. Keyword - Artificial neural networks (ANN), Multi layer Perceptron feed Forward back propagation (MLPFFBP), Interdigital capacitor (IDC), Mean square error (MSE), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Artificial neural network (ANN), Levenberg Marquardt (LM).

10-15

Authors: Padma Priya B, Ashmaa R,Shiny Mol S

ABSTRACT Medical images are pictures of distributions of physical attributes captured by an image acquisition system. Most of today’s images are digital. They may be post processed for analysis by a computer-assisted method. Edges are important features in an image. Edge detection extracts salient features from an image such as corners, lines and curves. These features are used by higher level computer vision algorithms. Segmentation plays a crucial role in extraction of useful information and attributes from medical images. Different edge detection methods are applied on dental images. It is implemented using MATLAB. Keywords – Edge Detection, Dental Image, Canny

21-30

Authors: Dr. Debasis Patnaik, Ms. Pranathi Mandadi

ABSTRACT The basic idea of a QALY is straightforward. The amount of time spent in a health state is weighted by the utility score given to that health state. It takes one year of perfect health (utility score of 1) to generate one QALY, whereas one year in a health state valued at 0.5 is regarded as being equivalent to half a QALY. Thus, an intervention that generates four additional years in a health state valued at 0.75 will generate one more QALY than an intervention that generates four additional years in a health state valued at 0.5. This paper discusses effect of self-medication on health care taking an educational institution population comprising of students, teaching and non-teaching staff in 2011. Keywords: Pharma economics, QALY, measuring clinical and health excellence

1-7

Authors: Mr. Kamlesh A. Waghmare and Dr. P.N. Chatur

Abstract The wireless sensor networks are being deployed at escalating rate for various application fields. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are particularly useful for obtaining data concerning events limited to a well-defined geographic region, such as a disaster site or an agriculture dataset. Power saving is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks since sensor nodes are battery-powered. Therefore, developing secure and energy-efficient routing algorithm to guard WSNs against these attacks while efficiently utilizing the energy of the deployed nodes has become essential. Many of researchers have working on energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). This paper surveys the current status of different algorithm and protocol. We proposed approach for to design Data aggregation and routing algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network to save energy. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Data aggregation, Routing.

1-5

Authors: Mr. S. G. Gupta

Abstract In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the network topology changes frequently and unpredictably due to the arbitrary mobility of nodes. This feature leads to frequent path failures and route reconstructions, which causes an increase in the routing control overhead. Effective routing protocol needed to developed or modifying existing one. Protocols can be divided into topology- and position-based protocols but the protocol have physical position knowledge effective than others to overcome the unpredictably due to the arbitrary mobility of nodes. An estimated distance (EstD)-based routing protocol (EDRP) may become the best choice between position-based protocols; because position-based protocols used GPS to found the node location but EDRP not used it, this is the reason to used the EDRP. In EDRP review found that, performance of EDRP on focused on energy efficiency. This is main motivation of this paper investigation and evaluation of EDRP. In investigation found packet delivery ratio and the average end-to-end delay give some negative effect, when the node distribution is very sparse. EDRP used Hello packet when the time elapsed from the last broadcasting packet (RREQ, RERR, or some other broadcasting packets) is greater than the value of the Hello Interval does the node need to send a Hello packet. This increase the risk that a sender will transmit a packet (Hello packet) through a broken link that has not been detected by Hello messaging. It is the reason because of that of the performance metrics of routing protocol affected. To overcome that problem this paper proposed used “An Adaptive Hello Messaging Scheme for Neighbor Discovery in On-Demand MANET Routing Protocols”, that suppression of unnecessary Hello messaging. Based on the event interval of a node, the Hello interval can be enlarged without reduced detestability of a broken link, which decreases network overhead and hidden energy consumption. May also enhance the performance of other metrics of EDRP which is generating the negative effect. Keyword: MANET, AODV, EDRP, Hello packet

12-20

Authors: Mr. S. G. Gupta

Abstract Two nodes communicate directly if they are in the transmission range, otherwise they reach via a multi-hop route. Each MANET node must therefore be able to function as a router to forward data packets on behalf of other nodes. Because of their unique benefits and versatilities, MANETs have a wide range of applications such as collaborative, distributed mobile computing , disaster relief, war front activities and communication between automobiles on highways most of these applications demand multicast or group communication. In network when process private and unique resource needed then unicast give more advantages. A framework for integrated multicast and unicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is introduced. It is based on interest-defined mesh enclaves that are connected components of a MANET spanning the sources and receivers of unicast or multicast flows. The Protocol for Routing in Interest defined Mesh Enclaves (PRIME). Major challenges for Ad-hoc network is link failure and mobility. Mobility models are use to evaluate effect of link failure and mobility, here this paper work used mobility models are Random waypoint mobility model, Reference Point Group mobility model, Manhattan mobility model, Gauss Markov mobility model and Heterogeneous mobility model . Most of the researchers to analyze the effect of mobility model on routing protocol not focused on to variable number of node and constant pause time. That will be generating the different result on scenario base work for evaluating the extended Performance of PRIME. Ns-2 simulator used for carried out the simulation. Keyword: MANET, PRIME, Hello packet

25-27

Authors: Mr. Adhitya Sable

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computerized devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants. A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a personal area network a network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person's workspace in which the connections are wireless. Wireless PAN is based on the standard IEEE 802.15. In these papers we are concentrating on the different IEEE standard 802.15.1, 802.15.3, 802.15.4 of WPAN. We present the comparative study on this Standard. We hope which will help to WPN user, student and researchers for selection of better type of WPAN standard. Keyword: WPAN, IEEE 802.15.1/ 3/ 4