International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies

1-8

Authors: Dr. Bikash Roy

Literary criticism includes two dimensions—the first is of theory, and the second is about its application. The first one, i.e. the theoretical dimension is always considered to be the “Literary theory” or “literary philosophy”. Professor Bhabatosh Dutta once opined, “Bankim Chandra is the pioneering figure to talk about the literary theory in Bengali literature.” The literary criticism of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, in one way is the criticism of life. And the main essence of his criticism is to meditate on the issue of amelioration of human condition through the ideals of beauty. The literary criticism of Bankim Chandra is considered as The Republic of literature. Bankim Chandra embraced the poetics of the Western world instead of the ‘rasa theory’ imagined by the aesthetes of ancient Indian kāvya poetry. Formalist criticism, Genre Criticism, Archetypal Criticism, Historical Criticism, and Interdisciplinary Criticism are main schools of the whole discourse of literary criticism. Bankim Chandra’s “Bibidha Samalochona” (1876) a collection of nine essays namely: Uttar Charit, Geeti kavya, Bidyapati Joydev, Aryajatir Shukkha shilpa, Shakuntala-Miranda-Desdemona, Prakrita-Otiprakrita, Krishna Charit, Droupadi, Sekal ar Ekal. The present paper aims to evaluate Bankim Chandra as theorist and critic by keeping this book in the forefront.

16-25

Authors: Dr. Dipan Das

The overarching gamut of short stories has been enriching the vast terrain of Bengali literature in the Modern Times. It is equally enriching the taste bud of millions. The negotiations of the known/unknown characters/characteristics live illuminated and highlighted the limits of various realities. If we look into the modalities of short story we not only come across the dram of life in it but could also trace the dramatic essence which is inevitable in drama per se. It is in this context that this paper foregrounds the dramatic quality within short stories highlighting stories of yester years in Bengali literature.

35-41

Authors: Dr. Goutam Kumar Nag

The present paper is a linguistic analysis of the simple future tense ( sādhāran bhabishyat ) according to the traditional nomenclature) in Bengali. The study of tense forms in traditional Bengali grammar has mainly been confined to the morphological level. The semantic significance of different tense forms have never been studied in a systematic way. There is a great discrepancy in the tense system as has been defined in traditional Bengali grammar and as it functions in real life. We have chosen one tense form viz. simple future ( sādhāran bhabishyat ) to highlight this discrepancy. In this study we have demonstrated different uses of this tense form which have been ignored by traditional grammarians. We have illustrated the temporal and the modal uses, and the future and non-future uses in the sub category of the temporal uses of this verbal form. We have tried to explain the significance of all the uses and bring out the unifying factor.

59-72

Authors: Haseena Jasmine C K

The financial health of public sector enterprises is severely affected by a number of problems such as high interest burden, transport cost, accumulation of stock, outdated technology, low recovery, high cost of production etc. This paper looks at the vulnerability of the restructured public sector enterprises in Kerala. This article aims at using bankruptcy prediction model developed by Edward Altman, Professor of Finance, Stern School of Business, New York University, i.e., the application of Z-Score method to the selected public sector enterprises in Kerala, for the purpose of predicting their financial health. Three public sector enterprises located in the state of Kerala were selected and their financial soundness is assessed with the help of ‘Z’ score analysis, Production Performance Analysis and Sales Performance Analysis and Break Even Analysis. The conclusions drawn could provide effective guidelines to the management of selected public sector enterprises in Kerala and their stakeholders. Keywords: Financial Distress, Z score Analysis, Public Sector Enterprises, Production Performance Analysis, Sales Performance Analysis and Break Even Analysis

75-86

Authors: Ang Kean Hua

Malacca is a historical-based tourism destination. Tourism activities attract international and local tourists, together with local residents, which concentrate in Malacca Central especially near the Malacca River. Rapid development through land use and uncontrolled human activities cause contamination occur in Malacca River. Therefore, this research study has been conducted to determine public perception in water resources development. Quantitative approach applied, where questionnaire with Likert scale form are distributed for 400 respondents at Alor Gajah and Malacca Central along and adjacent to Malacca River. Meanwhile, research analysis used is chi square (x2) test with Cronbach’s Alpha is 0.759. Analysis of results showed majority respondents agreed on Malacca River is polluted due to rapid development and human activities. Pollution in the Malacca River causes poisoning, death and extinction of aquatic animals, spreads various infectious diseases, affects soil saturation and plant species, harms local residents through bad odor or acid rain and natural disaster, and destroys the natural environment overall. Hence, government, the private sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and local residents should join and work together to protect the river from destruction. Keywords: Historical tourism, rapid development, human activities, polluted river, destruction.

96-101

Authors: Ranjit Basumatary

School education is imparted through a number of pre-primary, primary, middle, high and higher secondary school. School education embedded with the higher education determines the quality of life and productive factors and thus promotes economic growth and provides a foundation for economic development. The present study is a comprehensive study of school educational status in the four districts of BTAD that highlights the growth of schools, performance of school education in terms of pass percentage in the high school leaving certificate (HSLC) examination. It has also highlighted the employment avenues in the primary and secondary schools and the obstacles face by these institutions. The study concludes with summary of findings. Key Words: Employment, Growth, Performance and School Education.

109-121

Authors: Jayeeta Bhattacharjee

Tea plays a significant role in our life. Starting from the early morning we take tea. Tea acts as a stimulant for Central Nervous System, (CNS) and skeletal muscles. That is why tea removes fatigue, tiredness and headache. It also increases the capacity of thinking; it is used in lowering of body temperature. Moreover tea drinking has recently proven to be associated with cell - mediated immune function of the human body. Tea plays an important role in providing immunity against intestinal disorders and in protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. Tea also prevents dental caries due to the presence of fluoride. The role of tea is well established in normalizing blood pressure, lipid depressing activity, prevention of coronary heart diseases and diabetes by reducing the blood - glucose activity. Both green and black tea infusions contain a number of antioxidants, mainly catechins that have anti - carcinogenic, anti - mutagenic and anti - turmeric properties. Today, tea forms an integral part of the modern healthy lifestyle, which comprises a balanced diet, combined with regular exercise routine. Extensive research and studies have revealed that tea is one of the richest sources of antioxidants. These antioxidants, as scientists agree, are found in tea in the form of poly phenols. Antioxidants are important to our health because they protect our bodies from free radicals. Free radicals are oxygen containing molecules that are created by a by - product of our digestive processes. Free radicals left unchecked damage our cells and DNA, leading to disease and aging. There are many rumors regarding the intake of tea which has no valid proof. It contains so many elements, many of them help us tremendously, but the people are not aware of it. This is the reason for studying this topic.

134-140

Authors: Dr. (Mrs) J.I. Ndukwue

The challenges of language teaching and learning in our schools today constitute the foremost issues in language Education. The tremendous role that language, especially English language plays in the development of every individual and the nation educationally cannot be relegated to the background. Language Education is very important in the educational system of the Nigerian nation due to the multilingual nature of the society. English language is the medium of instruction across all educational levels and hence the bedrock of the teaching and learning process in our schools. The English language teacher therefore, is faced with the task of achieving this laudable educational objective. The paper set out to x-ray and take cursory look at the National language policy on primary education, the prevailing situation on implementation process of the policy. It examines the challenges and the way forward emanating from the National language policy on primary Education.

150-156

Authors: Chingangbam Newgold Devi

Women are actively participating in the entrepreneurial activities of the society. It helps in improving the economic conditions of the women’s in the society and makes them independent. It also helps in improving the economic conditions of both the family and the society. But there are many reasons behind becoming entrepreneurs by women. The paper discuses the reasons and sources of help women entrepreneurs receive while starting the enterprise. Becoming economically independent is the main motive of becoming entrepreneurs that is found in the study. The present study was done among the women entrepreneurs of Imphal East district, Manipur. Key Words: entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, women entrepreneur.

167-172

Authors: Binita Nath

Women constitute almost half of the population in the world. But the hegemonic masculine ideology made them suffer a lot as they were denied equal opportunities in different parts of the world. In Indian culture since time immemorial women enjoyed significant status. But during the course of civilization women lost their prominence and made them accepted secondary status to men. Indian women generally facing all types of barriers like literacy, domestic violence, lack of motivation and support and many more. Darrang district of Assam a small part of bigger India is not escaped from these injustices to women. So it is very essential for the harmonious development of our country that women could go hand by hand and shoulder to shoulder with men. For all these injustice it has been seen that the lack of education of women is the prime cause. Therefore authority concern must look forward for the development of women education. Key words: Women, Education, Development, Injustice, Status

181-188

Authors: Abhisek Chakraborty

The main purpose of the study was to define the role of NGOs in promotion of inclusion of visually challenged children in West Bengal. It was found that although various schemes have been initiated by various NGOs are working for the benefit of the visually challenged children, yet they are not fully benefitted from these schemes. So, while continuing with existing schemes and involvement of NGO in the field of nurturing inclusion of visually challenged children, efforts should be made to identify technically competent NGOs and enable them to assume a larger role in sync with government agencies in a significant manner. Inclusion is viewed in terms of promoting a holistic development of the child and providing equality of access to opportunities. Key Words: NGOs, Inclusion, Visually Challenged Children, WestBengal.

229-239

Authors: Dr. Vinita Pandey

Women Safety in India has become a critical concern in past one decade. The criminal and inhuman ‘Nirbhaya rape case’ in New Delhi in 2012 brought in forefront several critical issues pertaining to women safety in India. Though India as a country philosophically popularized that ‘God resides where women are respected’ unfortunately has seen massive increase in crimes against women in past one decade. Several initiatives and laws seem to be insufficient to ensure women safety. The paper presents the concept of community policing in ensuring women safety in India. Police as an agency of law and order finds it challenging to meet all the requirements and services to ensure women safety. The dismal police–population ratio in India (106 police personnel per 0.1 million population) has not only over-burdened the critical forces but have been influencing their performance immensely. In this background, the paper argues how community policing can provide a new perspective towards women safety in India.

246-251

Authors: Dr. Rakesh Rai

Cognitive Science as an interdisciplinary endeavour that interfaces with Psychology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Computer Science and Philosophy is well placed to address the different aspects of yoga and meditation research. The research on yoga and meditation would also help in solving fundamental problems in cognitive science. As we know The current age of speed and competition has increased the stresses and strains resulting in an increasing occurrence of lifestyle-related health problems and purposely managers’ lives have become a never ending race against time, technology, and targets. This race creates tension, which leads to dissatisfaction and irritation and finally manifests itself as psychological and physiological stress with mental and emotional drain. This contemporary lifestyle intensifies the stress leading to “Excessive Tension” and consequent worsening in “Executive Efficiency.” One of the gradually more popular tools to overcome this original challenge is physical activity. There is growing proof that has established the payback of physical exercises in preventing lifestyle-related diseases such as main prevention of diabetes, avoidance of cardiac diseases through control over major risk factors such as smoking, lipids, obesity, and stress, better quality of life of cancer patients, positive health in normal persons through better physical fitness, and stress reduction. Yoga, which is measured to be a tool for both physical and mental development of an individual, is being documented around the globe only in the last century although it has been practiced in India over several centuries to promote positive health and well-being. It gives solace for the restless mind and can give great relief to the sick. It has become quite fashionable even for the common man to keep fit. With rising scientific evidence, yoga is emerging as an significant health behavior-modifying practice to achieve states of health, both at physical and mental levels. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of yoga on health behavior in many lifestyle-related somatic problems such as hypertension, bronchial asthma, diabetes including some psychiatric conditions such as anxiety neurosis and depressive illness. This study has find out that Yoga and Mediation are more strong tool for removing psychological and physical problems of human being . On the bases of yoga and meditation each man can change their behaviour and personality and also they can obtain good and healthy mind .

259-266

Authors: Md. Zinarul Hoque Biswas

Social exclusion is multidimensional concept. The Muslim community is an excluded group in India. Muslims of West Bengal are a substantial minority and second religious group. They are, being in disadvantageous position and in marginal condition, socio-economically backward in the state of West Bengal. Even though there is lack of literature on the study of Muslims of West Bengal, the present study is an attempt to explore their socio-economic condition, living standard and social exclusion of Muslims in West Bengal. The study based on the collection of data from various secondary sources. The Muslims are excluded in the major aspects of social living such as education, employment, government opportunities, social and physical infrastructure and health. The possible ways, to escape from social exclusion like reservation for Muslims and other major steps, have been taken by the Government of West Bengal. Key Words: Muslims, social condition, social segregation, Muslim reservation.

279-289

Authors: Magnus C. Unegbu, Nkechi Amaechi, Ifeoma Njoku, Immaculata Opara

The general purpose of the study is to determine the influence of socio-demographic variables on the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by lecturers in library schools in South- East and South- South zones of Nigeria. The survey research design was used for the study using questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Three research questions were framed for the study. The study covers the entire population of 162 lecturers in library schools in South - East and South – South zones of Nigeria. 145 copies of the questionnaire were completed and returned for analysis representing 89.5%. The result of finding shows that age does not influence lecturers’ use of ICT. That both male and female lecturers use ICT. The study recommends that seminars and workshops on ICT should be organized for lecturers. This will help to expose them to the potentials which ICT offers in the field of academic and through this way arouse their interest more towards the use of ICT.

297-302

Authors: Kusum Doley

Jainism is primarily an ethical teaching and its aim is the perfection of the soul. The idea of the soul has occupied an important place in Jaina Philosophy. The whole universe is brought under the two everlasting, uncreated, eternal and co-existing categories which are called which are Jiva and Ajiva. Jiva means the conscious spirit and Ajiva means the unconscious non-spirit. According to Jainism a Jiva or a soul is a conscious substance. Consciousness is the essence of the soul. Jiva is self-illuminated and illuminated other things also. The soul is eternal, but it also undergoes, changes of states. Jainism is realistic and pluralistic. It believes in the reality of the world with all the plural objects in it. When the soul is freed from bondage of karma and has transcended the possibility of rebirth, it attains liberation. Karma is a subtle matter which enters into the soul and causes its bondage. By ignorance the soul identifies itself with matter. Karma is the link which unites the soul to the body. Ignorance of truth and four passions which are called Kasaya or sticky substance. The state when Karmic particles actually begin to flow towards the soul to bind. The state when these particles actually infiltrate into the soul and bind it is called bandha or bondage. In Jainism liberation can come only through true discrimination between soul and matter. It bondage of the soul is its association with matter, liberation must mean the complete dissociation of the soul from matter. This can be attained by complete elimination of the matter with which the soul has become already mingled. Right faith, knowledge and conduct are the three Jewels (tri-ratna) of Jainism. They are inseparably bound up and perfection of one goes with the perfection of the other two. This paper is an attempt to study the concept of Soul and Liberation in Jainism. Key words: Jainism, jiva, soul, bondage, liberation.

320-346

Authors: Tariq Bin Sarwar

Corporate criminality is a global and relatively new phenomenon in the world which leaves deep impact on the lives of the individuals and the society at large. This necessitates the dissection of this concept to come with findings to deal with corporate crimes. It poses potential challenge to the criminal justice system in many ways. Therefore, this treatise seeks to discuss corporate crimes from the global perspective with its nature, causes and it will try to identify the effects of this sort of crime. Corporations are more powerful than the states because of their huge capital. Corporations control the government and wield power over it for the purpose of fulfilling its object which is maximization of profits at any cost. In this venture corporations do away with the ethics, moral values and the laws. Corporate powers are not confined within a particular territory; multinational corporations function in different countries and thus spread crimes worldwide. But corporate crimes, being different from the ordinary crimes, are not easily detectable. Hence, punishment of the corporate criminals appears to be a big challenge for the government, especially of the developing countries which are the most vulnerable to, and affected by, the corporate crimes. The task of the research is to analyze the facts and cases of corporate crimes in different parts of the world. It will discuss the means through which corporate crimes have been confronted with so far and the theories developed to fight corporate crimes. The essay will try to find out the measures necessary to stop corporate crime. Key words: Corporation, Corporate Crime, Criminal Justice system, Society, Challenges.

364-374

Authors: Sudipta Biswas

Housing is universally accepted as basic need for the survival of human beings. International development forums have accepted the fact and promoted it as one of the important development agenda for all countries especially underdeveloped nations. Government of India realized the fact and has taken different steps time to time after independence to ensure housing for all rural households. Introduction of Indira AwaasYojana as an independent flagship scheme by the central government during 1995-96 was a major step towards ensuring “housing for all” in rural India. The scheme has played crucial role in addressing rural homelessness since inception though still there is a gap to meet the demand. This paper evaluates performance of the scheme giving emphasis on the performance of last one or two decades against the backdrop of the magnitude of the problem of housing in rural India. It analyses both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the performance of the scheme. The paper gives notes on widening the scope of the scheme to cover other interrelated issues and concludes with certain suggestions for improvement. Secondary source of data has been used for the purpose of analysis. This paper is likely to be relevant to those who are interested to know about the performance of the flagship scheme and scope of improvements to meet the rural need. Keywords: Homelessness, Housing, IAY, Indira Awaas Yojana, Panchayati Raj Institutions, PRIs.

380-391

Authors: Dr. Sudha S.R. , Dr. Manjunath T.R.

Gone are the days, when economic development used to be measured by referring to growth rate in GDP, these are the days where development is measured by referring to a wide variety of socio-economic indicators. Of these health indicators play a vital role, owing to the greater emphasis being given to human development indices in the recent decades. In this connection health infrastructure and expenditure on health, assumes in significance. The study points out that health infrastructure has not been spread evenly throughout the state. As the study reveals most districts in the northern part of Karnataka have been suffering from inadequate health infrastructure. The state has not yet been successful in addressing the problems of health care inequalities. Turning to the trends in public expenditure on medical and public health, the data reveals interesting findings of the total public expenditure on medical and public health, the revenue expenditure has all along been higher than the capital expenditure. In respect of per capita health expenditure, there has been only a nominal rise i.e., from is Rs. 134 in 1995-96 to Rs. 263 in 2009-10. Interestingly health expenditure as per cent of NSDP which was 1.4 in 1995-96, turned out to be 1.5 in 2009-10 reflecting no tangible rise in health expenditure over the years. The public investment on health is not sufficient for the growing population. Hence, increased public investment on health is a necessary pre-requisite for achieving goals of growth, equity and stability. Key words: Health infrastructure, health expenditure, gross domestic product, net state domestic product, per capita

401-405

Authors: Dr. D. G Hanumanthappa

The Government is doing all possible efforts to keep itself and citizens to the information tranjected. Usually between government man and business man. Today’s government has trust in the efficient E-Governance and its spread-eagled use across the world and truly realized the importance of E-Governance. E-Government means of local, National Government information and service to the citizen, Businessman and the government Agencies online-Governance is the kind of technology that provides government services online, it also helps the authorities to keep watch on the servant’s to enhance effectively and efficiently. This paper deals with some of the important modals of E-Governance, further other areas of E-Governance are also looked into in depth. Keywords: E-Government, E-Governance, G2B, G2G, Pillars, G2C.