Sport Mont

7-11

Authors: Aida Bendo and Kujtim Haxholli

Yoga, one of the most ancient cultures of physical education, is a physical, mental and spiritual discipline and it has been made part of curricular program in Sports University of Tirana (SUT). We took the responsibility to study the equilibrium quality as a discipline which has never been studied before in Albania. The aim of this study is to assess how postural sway is affected in two different conditions, Eyes Open and Tandem Eyes Closed tests in balance training through yoga exercises. One of the most important yoga exercises is balance training. This training helps in improving coordination system in static and dynamic activities. Before, yoga exercises had been used to build and to maintain the physical conditions, later on this concept has been extended in the balance training and used to improve physical parameters. The reason for describing such exercises is to explain the benefits of yoga exercises to the equilibrium system.

13-16

Authors: Soetanto Hartono and Sukadiono

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate in increasing lactate concentration, blood pH, HCO3- , and time to exhaustion. Increased time to exhaustion is an advantage since the athletes can do more anaerobic work. Exhaustion could be delayed by increasing HCO3- to catch H+ produced by lactate metabolism to form H2O and CO2. The design of this research was randomized pretest posttest control group design. Thirty badminton student players were randomly selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The first group (the control group) was given placebo, NaCl .9 g/dl, the second group was given sodium bicarbonate 300 mg/kg in 500 ml aqua, and the third group was given sodium citrate 300 mg/kg in 500 ml aqua. Blood pH and bicarbonate ion (HCO3- ) were measured through Opti Medical Blood gas Analyzer. Lactate was measured by Cobas Roche lactate Analyzer. Data was analyzed using Manova with .05 significant level. Blood pH of the groups taking sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate were higher significantly against control group (p<.05), and sodium bicarbonate group was significantly higher than the sodium citrate group (p<.05). Blood lactate tests showed that sodium bicarbonate group and sodium citrate group gave significant difference vs control group (p<.05), whereas sodium bicarbonate did not differ significantly against sodium citrate (p>.05). Sodium bicarbonate is better than sodium citrate, although both were better than control (p<.05). Sodium bicarbonate is better than sodium citrate in increasing blood pH and time to exhaustion. The disadvantage of using sodium bicarbonate is that it can cause gastrointestinal problem and headache, so it is not advisable to be used by athletes who have the symptoms.

21-22

Authors: Ivan Vasiljevic, Jovan Gardasevic, Miroslav Kezunovic and Danilo Bojanic

Metabolic syndrome was defined in order to identify people with an increased risk. One of five criteria of metabolic syndrome is also an abdominal (central) obesity. The study included 297 subjects, middle aged from Montenegro, 137 (46.12%) male and 160 (53.88%) of the respondents were female. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) about 2.1 billion people suffer from overweight. Analyzing the results of our research, more than worrying fact is that two-thirds of the studied population in middle age are having problems with over-nutrition and obesity. It is estimated that in the world today, about one billion people are overweight, and about 300 million obese.

27-29

Authors: Milovan Ljubojevic, Aldijana Muratovic and Marija Bubanja

The presence of lifeguard service on beaches greatly contributes to reducing the number of accidents in and around the water. The lifeguard can be a person with good motor, but also cognitive skills and abilities. In addition to good swimming skills, lifeguard must be able to quickly detect and recognize the accident, and also to be able to timely and correctly act in case of accident in water, but also at the beach. The goal of this study is to determine the structure of cognitive abilities and skills with the sample of lifeguards that work on Montenegrin beaches. Battery KOG-3 was applied on the sample of 40 lifeguards. The collected and achieved results lead to following conclusion: the subjects have good ability to determine relation between elements of a structure and lower characteristics of that structure; subjects have good ability to assess the efficiency of serial processor; and subjects have good ability to assess efficiency of perceptive processor

35-37

Authors: Dragan Krivokapic

Classic theories interpret the phenomena of tiredness as a consequence of biochemical changes appearing in the whole organism or in active organs. From operational point of view we can define tiredness as a reversible psychophysical condition appearing under the influence of expanded time of activities, which is manifested a series of negative changes on physiological, psychological and behavioral plan. Physiological nature was primarily related by the scientists to lack of oxygen and other nutritional material in blood or blood plasma andloading of different waste material and metabolism products On those bases, three classical theories were founded, such as: theory of suffocation, theory of exhaustion, and theory of saturation, united in one general name as hormonal theories of tiredness. Lately, with extending of findings on the role of reticular formation, there are activation theories of tiredness being developed. Supporters of these theories have discovered a series of complex connections and relations existing through tiredness and different forms of brain work such as: exhaustion of neural cells during their activity, neural influences determining arrival of nutritious material into work active organs, disruption of harmony in neurophysiological processes, role of inhibition process etc. For explanation of mental tiredness, central brain theory of tiredness is dominantly used. Due to new findings of neurophysiology, a neurophysiological theory known as theory of changed hronaxy, starting from time constant of skeletal nerve irritability, is nowadays commonly used for explanation of physical tiredness at skeletal muscles.