Sport Mont

3-10

Authors: Pavel Opavsky

Početni udarac u tenisu je tim uspešniji ukoliko je brzina kretanja lopte veća. Optimalnom sukcesijom uključivanja i isključivanja određenih mišićnih komponenti “flagellum” efektom se postiže relativno maksimalna brzina kretanja lopte. Pored toga, prostor, gde po pravilima igre mora lopta da dodirne tlo, je ograničen pa je “kritični ugao”, pod kojim lopta mora da bude usmerena, takođe mali, što znači da je i najmanja greška odstupanja od “kritičnog ugla” izgubljen prvi pokušaj, a ako se ta greška ponovi, izgubljen je poen. U sportskoj igri kao što je tenis, ponekad upravo taj jedan poen može da znači ili pobedu ili poraz! Ovom analizom početnog udarca je ukazano šta je početni udarac i kako se kod početnog udarca može povećati početna brzina kretanja lopte i povećati tolerancija kritičnog ugla.

22-26

Authors: Milan Čoh, Milan Žvan, Stojan Burnik

The study aimed at establishing the differences between the kinematic and dynamic parameters of reactive force which is one of the most important biomotor ability of sprinters. Reactive force was assessed during a drop jump from 45 cm. The basic kinematic and dynamic parameters were registered using the Smart 600E bipedal force platform which had been synchronised with a 3D infra-red kinematic system. The sample of subjects consisted of 12 elite sprinters. Based on the analysis of variance (Anova) the main generators of reactive force which differentiate between elite and sub-elite sprinters were established. The statistically significant differences between the sprinters were found in the following: jump height, eccentric phase time, take-off velocity, eccentric velocity and force impulse in the eccentric phase.

34-38

Authors: Dinko Vuleta, Dragan Milanović,Andrija Nikolić

The differences were analyzed between 12 cadet and 12 younger cadet handball players in indicators of specific motor abilities. Central and dispersive parameters were computed of the variables obtained in the testing procedures. The acceptable significance level was set at p≤.05. The results of MANOVA showed significant statistical differences (Wilks´ Lambda=.459; p<.01) between the two analyzed groups of handball players. The results of t-test for independent samples of variables assessing specific agility and specific power of arms confirmed statistically significant differences between the groups in all the variables: quickness between goal posts and 4 m line 4 m (KIWI), sitting handball throw (RADAR4), 6-m-line basic stance handball throw (RADAR6), 9-m-line basic ground shot after the three-step approach (RADAROU) and 9-m-line jump shot from dribbling (RADAR-SŠ). The obtained results are in accordance with the biological factors of maturation and with the selective approach to the training program design and implementation of training programmes aimed at the development of explosive power of the throwing type in younger age categories of handball players.

47-52

Authors: Ilona Mihajlović, Miloš Petrović, Milan Šolaja

It is known that various postural deformities affect the eficiency of motor abilities, especilly if the status of longitudinal foot arch, which indirectly affects the whole locomotive system. Previous studies have different approaches and conclusions regarding this issue. Our research was conducted on sample of 75 boys, aged 11-12, participants of athletic school in Novi Sad. Variables’sample consisted of two motor tests: standing long jump and running at 20 meters from high start. The foot status of participants was determinated, in terms of the existence of possible longitudal arch deformities. Based on these variables the total participants’ sample is devided in two sub-samples (group 1 & group 2). Measurement of motor abilities was performed by standard protocol with the written consent of parents. The foot status was determined by using computerised digitalised podography. By using MANOVA, ANOVA and discriminant analysis we came to the results that there are no statistically significant differences in the manifestation of motor abilities which are responsibile for explosive strength and speed between boys with and without deformities.

62-74

Authors: Milica Bešović, Elvira Beganović,Helena Bešović

In order to affirm the correlation in anthropological space of psychomotor and cognitive abilities, and their connectivity to success in studying, research was conducted on a random sample of 200 female high school students. The sample had 7 sets of primary psychomotor indicators and also the sample was generally successful in studying. According to the criteria of the formal curriculum in education for kinesiology, the sample was being sub-sampled in increments of two to four hours per week. The correlation analysis was applied in order to correlate the psychomotor variable to the critical variable of success in studying. The assumption at the beginning of the experiment was proven true because there is significant connectedness between the system of psychomotor variable and the variable of general success in studying by female high school students. The research reaffirmed what previous scientific studies have found about the real connectedness of psychomotor and cognitive dimensions in anthropological space.

83-88

Authors: Vukan Vujović

Skiing on the glaciers has emerged as one more of the prominent and interesting representatives of unusual and relatively young extreme discipline. His appearance has reflected at the same time on the direction of the tourist group, which are rightfully called the adrenaline lovers or adventurers (in the broadest sense). All this has contributed to expanding the current tourism and sports exploited space, stirring the limits of human movement high, ie. deep in the untouched area of permafrost. In the paper are noted the facts of the genesis of the glacier, the conditions that prevailing at this height (ie. improvised tracks), and of numerous effects that the presence of visitors leave on this particularly sensitive and specific eco-system. In the framework of the paper was conducted a research about the possible interest and awareness of domestic tourists (in the area of Novi Sad) for this kind of active rest. The idea was to present data which suggest to a certain conclusions on these issues, with the aim of determining the relationship of citizens of Serbia to the current trends in the field of sports and recreational tourism (having in mind the objective possibility of taking an participate in the category of special travel arrangements, material restrictions and difficulties in implementation of the same by the tour). A general task of the paper was to draw the attention of respondents to the chosen topic indirectly, and that among the educated and professionally qualified persons from the world of sports and tourism, additionally promote the new direction of global interest in the domain of extreme and adventure sports. Viewed from another aspect, it is about desire to foster thinking on the possibilities and purposes of further commercialization of worldwide trend in our area (at a higher level than the existing one).

94-99

Authors: Dušanka Tumin, Dejan Madić, Boris Popović

According to many authors who have studied the relations of cognitive and motor skills (Ismail, Madić), there is a relationship between these two anthropological spaces. Motor skill is related with cognitive factor, especially in these tasks which have unusual rhythmic structure where speed and accuracy of performance is needed. As many test tasks for evaluation of coordination are designed in exactly the same manner, it may be assumed that there is a relation with cognitive skills of students performing these exercises. Relations between cognitive skills and coordination in rhythm are evaluated on the sample of 217 students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Novi Sad. For evaluation of cognitive skills, we have used the battery of tests KOG 3 (Wolf, Momirović & Džamonja, 1992). For coordination in rhythm, we have used the following tests: tapping on horizontal plates, tapping on plates in three plane surfaces, and tapping with hands and feet.(Metikoš et al., 1989).Using regression analysis, we have found the relationship between these two anthropological spaces.

105-109

Authors: Georgi Georgiev, Žarko Kostovski, Viktor Mitrevski

The research has been conducted on two sub-samples of male gender from the Republics of Macedonia and Serbia, aged from 14 to 15 years (±3 months) who had their training classes in urban areas. The number of entities participating in the tests was 119 in total. The aim is to establish if there are differences in motor abilities through acquiring the motor tests for assessing explosivity, start speed, and precisity. Statistically significant difference between the two groups is established with the estimating precisity only.

116-123

Authors: Milan Pantović, Jelena Obradović, Maja Batez, Goran Dimitrić, Marko Jadranski

On sample of 613 boys, aged 4-7 years, was used battery of 8 anthropometric measures and 6 motorical tests. By using univariate and multivariate analysis of variance followed by t test for independent samples was found significant difference between boys of different age groups defined by one year. The analysis of the obtained results in anthropometric variables perceived increase in the values of all observed variables with age. The results of motorical variables indicate that older subjects were more successful in performance of given tests in relation to the middle and younger groups of subjects. Analyzing Canonical discriminant analyses qualitative differences were found in groups of subjects of different ages. Highest discriminating value of subjects in area of motorical variables had fallowing variables: 20m dash, jump forward, taping, sit-ups, and polygon backwards. It may be noted that the subjects of the third (oldest) group were more successful in motorical tests. The second (middle) group of subjects was in the middle compared to the analyzed sample. Also, higher values were observed in the results of body height in older subjects compared to the other two analyzed groups respectively.

128-134

Authors: Magdalena Damjanovska

On the sample of 81 entities, male, aged 19-20 years, the regular students of the State Univerity of the Faculty of Education in Tetovo, applied research of transverse character, aimed at: To determine the canonical correlation between of the system of anthopometric veriables awirh the system of specific rhythmic tasks, and to determine canonical correlation between of the system of motor variables wirh the system of specific rhythmic tasks. For the realization of these research goals were measured 13 anthropometrical variables, 12 motor tests, and 5 rhythmic tasks for assessing the specific rhythmic capabilities. Tha data wer e analyzed by correlation analysis. Caninical correlation reveald the system of anthropometric variables ststistically event is connected to a specific rhythmic tasks, while the correlations between motor tests and system of specific tasks is ehpained with three characteristic roots.

142-148

Authors: Petar Karadžić,Nela Tatar

Sports science represents a multidisciplinary field that deals with understanding and improving of sports performance. It can be considered like scientific process whose main goal is to point out the practice of sport to improvement of sports performance. The subject of this paper is a practicing technology of development and improvement of strength as one of the primary skills of athletes. The problem of paper is defining of the methods of power development and to determination of its significance in relation to the tasks in a particular sports discipline and accordingly with that determine the appropriate method for developing of strength. The work is designed in the way that in the first part explaining to reader the basic features required building strength, after which the work emphasized the definitions and forms of manifestation of power and also methodical rules in strength training.

157-162

Authors: Besnik Morina, Malsor Gjonbalaj, Vjosa Zhubaj, Abdulla Elezi

The goal of this research based on socio-metric test results, to show the relations between domestic basketball players and visitors basketball players within Trepça basketball Club from Mitrovica. The research has been made based on a sample of Kosovo Superleague in basketball, in fact with the basketball players of Trepça from Mitrovica during 2008/09. Based on this sample 16 basketball players aged 19 to 30 have been included. Relevant data about this research have been collected through a questionnaire (Paranosic and Lazareviq, 1975). Based on the socio-metric results we can come to the conclusion that there is a different socio-metric structure in the team. There are individuals who were different from the others in the team based on positive evaluation (+) so-called “star” in the team, who were the domestic players as well as individuals who were negatively (-) evaluated, so-called “the negative stars”, who represent a weaker relation in the team, and the were the visitors.

167-173

Authors: Biljana Vitošević, Jadranka Kocić,Filip Vitošević

People with a particular phenotype better respond to exercise in relation to people with other phenotype. This difference in response to exercise is caused by genetic differences, as well as their interactions with environmental influences, which indicates the necessity of different approach to exercise in its application in good health, but also in prevention and therapy of various chronic diseases. Personalized medicine is the inclusion of individual genetic information in the design and implementation of clinical treatment in order to improve the efficiency of treatment. The treatment is prescribed individually, which leads to better results in the treatment of disorders treated for a shorter period of time. Kinesiogenomics as an example of personalized medicine allows the individualization of the treatment of many complex diseases and is the application of genetic information in exercise prescription. A significant genetic component exists in response to hypertension, diabetes 2 and obesity on exercise, which can be used as a guide in choosing a therapeutic approach. This paper is an overview of new findings on the role of genotype in the response to exercise and increase its effectiveness in prevention, treatment and control of these health disorders.

181-187

Authors: Jelena Ilić,Dragoljub Višnjić

Motivation can be defined as conscious or unconscious experience that serves as a factor that determines a person's behavior or her social action in a given situation. So far, various studies had identified over 100 different factors that explain why people engage in sports. However, the reasons for sports participation may differ depending on gender and sports' discipline. Therefore, in this paper were examinated whether there is a difference in the motives for sports participation among athletes engaged in different types of combat sports, and whether there is a difference in the motivation of male and female. The sample comprised 265 athletes (173 male and 92 female) who practiced karate, kick boxing, fencing, taekwondo, jiu jitsu, savate and kyokushin kaikan. Athletes were offered 10 reasons for sports participation that were to be ranked according to importance. The results showed that the love and health of the most important reasons for sports' participation and that is the least important reason was the wish of parents and good look. Also, it appears that health as a reason for playing sports was important to practice karate, savate, kick boxing, and success was the most important reason to deal with fencing. The desire of parents as the reason was the least important in kyokushin kaikan. The only statistically significant difference in gender appeared in ranking of money. Money was far less significant reason for the females. One can therefore conclude that there are certain peculiarities in motivation for sport among athletes of different combat sports and that kind of sport, more than gender differences contribute to these differencies.

194-200

Authors: Miloš Marković,Dragan Branković,Milovan Ljubojević,Dragoljub Višnjić

In European countries’ pedagogical-educational systems physical education is present as a class that is supposed to contribute to integral personality development. Physical education classes are still the most organized mass system for engaging kids and young people in physical activities, through which certain influence on the organism is made. For a long sequence of years there are indications of certain changes in physical education classes as part of educational reforms in countries undergoing transition. Therefore there is possibility for innovation, improvement and further perfection of existing physical education classes syllabi in accordance with the needs of students and the society. Until now syllabi have been improved, changed and then applied without taking into account elements of physical education syllabi based on the quality analysis. In this paper comparative analysis of physical education syllabus for junior school age was performed for the following countries: England, Russia, Greece, Switzerland, Montenegro and Serbia. The following was analyzed and compared: physical education’s goal and tasks, educational contents, number of physical education classes in the syllabus, method of syllabus realization as well as working forms through which physical education syllabi are realized. Through this analysis gave a conclusion was reached that the similarities and differences of existing syllabi can ease the reformation of physical education in the future, in case a societal need for that arises.

207-212

Authors: Milan Jovanović

Modern sport is featured by high competitiveness and equality in accomplishing maximum results. Sport, as a social phenomenon, consolidates cognitions from many sciences. World experiences indicate to a need for engaging professional staff with an appropriate professional qualifications. The aim of this research is to determine qualification structures in sport in three municipalities in the north of Montenegro (Bijelo Polje, Mojkovac i Kolasin). The sample consists of 88 examinees and 2 subsamples, made of 65 human resources in sport’s (coaches) and 23 human resources in business function (managers). In data collecting, poll technique was used and measuring instrument was a questionnaire or poll leaflet. The questionnaire consists of 12 questions of standardized form, of personal and questions current in subject of research, so that responses give reliable information. Given results are processed, presented in tables and discussed.

218-222

Authors: Bogdan Tomić,Miroslav Smajić,Miroslav Radoman, Peko Vujović,Goran Ivančić,

Good knowledge of athletes and their abilities, that achieve superior results may be a landmark and milestone in what direction should be focused on selection and training process. The various disciplines determine the development of various motor abilities, and be for each sport to define their standards. Motor abilities are subject to weather changes, due to which standards have limited time. The aim of this research was to perform comparative analysis of motor abilities of two generations of football players. The sample comprised 54 players age 23.74 years, who are members of FK Vojvodina Novi Sad divided into two groups. The first group consists of 26 players aged 24.57±2,55 years from the season 2004/2005, while the second group of 28 players aged 22.96±2,86 years from the season 2010/2011. Sample measures for the evaluation of morphological characteristics are: deep forward bend, Abalakov test, push-ups and raising troops. To determine the difference between the two groups of players applied the t-test. Two generations of football players tested, do not differentiate the average value of any variable applied but there was a tendency for the football players second groups showed generally higher values in all tests.

229-235

Authors: Jovica Tošić, Milomir Trivun,Simo Vuković,Željko Panić

The survey was performed among the male students of second year from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports at the University of East Sarajevo. A comparison of the swimming at the beginning and at the end of the Winter Semester was made, with the result success of qualifying entrance examination during the admission at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. The total sample of respondents consisted of 31 students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. The sample of variables was related to the result success in swimming in 50 meters freestyle (crawl technique).The results both with the descriptive comparative analysis of the central tendency measures (minimum, maximum, mean value) and with t-test indicate the effective values of swimming instruction compared with the qualifying entrance examination student admission at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

247-253

Authors: Dževad Džibrić, Jasmin Mehinović,Zenaida Malović,Indira Ćejvanović

The objective of this research was to determine the dynamics of changes in certain anthropological dimensions in pupils of higher grades in Elementary schools of Tuzla. Population from which the sample was taken for this study represent the boys of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eight grade of Tuzla city schools. The study was conducted on a total of 895 subjects, 11-14 years of age. We applied 11 variables suggested by Eurofit battery tests which are as follows: morphological characteristics (2 variables), basic motor skills (8 variables) and one variable for functional skill assessment. With multivariate and univariate covariance analysis we obtained information at what age the boys have the highest growth rate of treated anthropological dimensions. The highest growth rate of body height is in the eight grade, since in this period, the impact of pubertal changes is the most intense. The highest growth rate in variables of basicmotor skill assessment is recorded in the sixth and eight grade, and in variables for functional skill assessment – running with progressive acceleration was recorded in boys of the sixth grade.

260-265

Authors: Dražen Čular, Frane Žuvela,Ivana K. Lujan

Effects of physical activity on psychological health and well-being have been intrigued topic for many researches (McAuley & Courneya, 1994). Also, the positive subjective experience lies in the basis of every successful recreational activity and training. However, the influence of different types of activities and their gender specifics regarding self-reported well-being have not yet been investigated. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyse gender differences before and after physical activity in “Subjective Exercise Experience Scale“(SEES) in group of subjects involved in aesthetic and non-aesthetic recreational physical activities and (2) to determine differences between subjects involved in aesthetic and non-aesthetic recreational physical activities before and after the activity for female and male group separately. The SEES was used to assess psychological responses to exercise among female (N=32) and male (N=83) recreational athletes. The 12 items of SEES represented three-aspects of exercise experience: Positive Well-Being, Psychological Distress and Fatigue. The results showed significant gender differences only in non-aesthetic group before and after physical activity in Psychological Distress subscale. Female students (Mean=4.8) had lower values of Psychological Distress than Male students (Mean=6.9). Furthermore, female aesthetic group (Mean=24.4) had significantly higher values in Positive Well-Being subscale after physical activity than female nonaesthetic group (Mean=18.8), while male aesthetic group had significantly higher values in Positive Well-Being subscale before and after physical activity than male non-aesthetic group. It is possible to conclude that aesthetic activities have positive effect on both female and male sample. It is possible that music increased emotionally experienced activity and contributed to better physical well being especially among female recreational athletes.

273-282

Authors: Siniša Ostojić,Natalija Ostojić

The primary purpose of ensuring in sport is to provide financial protection to policyholder individuals (athletes, coaches, referees) and legal entities (sports organizations, federations, clubs) of the negative result of sports injuries and loss of income that athletes or their clubs realize when it comes to clubs’ competition, which occur when the risk is realized or the insured event occurs. Injuries are common in sports, we could feel free to call it an integral part of doing a sports activity. Loss of earnings due to sports injuries is extremely high for any professional athlete. In order to be able to return to sports as soon as possible, athletes are forced to set aside large sums of money for rehabilitation, orthopedic supplies and equipment.

290-297

Authors: Ljubiša Lilić, Dragana Aleksić

The knowledge of the high coeficient of the correlation between the success in sports and sports capacities primarily determined by psychosomatic status decided on the subject of this work. To be precise, the subject of this work represents the identification of the dominant basic and specific motor dimensions of football players of two ranks of competitions which participate in sports success in football, and recognition of quantitative and qualitative indices which differentiate them. The results of the discriminative analysis of specific motor variables show that the football players of higher rank of competition statistically significantly differ from the football players of lower rank of competition. The coefficient of the canonical correlation amounts .99. The significance of this correlation tested by the Wilks’ test and Bartlett’s CH-i test with 13 degrees of freedom shows highly significant differencies between the groups of tested athletes because the sig. =.00, and the results CH = 41.25 per one got root.

305-311

Authors: Dejan Orlić, Milan Cvetković, Franja Fratrić, Vukašin Badža, Dušan Stupar

The battery of 7 motor tests was applied on the sample of 519 boys and 457 girls, 7-10 years of age, from the region of Vojvodina. The results obtained by application of univariant and multivariant analysis of variance indicate that there are certain differences in motor abilities between boys and girls in all younger school ages.

326-332

Authors: Milan Nešić, Franja Fratrić

The matter of motivation represents a very complex psychological problem that must be reviewed while researching from very wide aspect of the value components that are dominant in the social environment. Karate as a sport is an integral part of the social system and follows all value criteria that currently exist. Results of research held on the survey method that conducted sample of 170 respondents including various manager positions among karate clubs in Vojvodina, are based on determined expression of their interconnections of motivational dispositions of particular mangers in karate sport. In other words the existence of certain indicated motivational dispositions is indicated and explained in the light of various important aspects of managerial positions that are significant element in this sport.

339-345

Authors: Radovan Čokorilo, Zoran Milošević,Milana Grk

Work with people represents a highly significant field of sports manager,s activities in which his professional knowledge, leadership and personal traits and skills are manifested. This is due to the fact that inertial plans and organisational schemes are filled by people who are to be transferred to on active (living) process of activities, while potential energy and talents should be converted from the resources to the results. Even the best management plan fails to be implemented unless a sports manager ressesses a skill to establish and channel complex human relations towards goals of on organisation. It is just the implementation of the management function. through which a sports manager shows his/her true value. This value rests on selfunderstanding, understanding people involved in cooperation, understanding different situations in which he/she acts, development of tolerance and flexibility in human relationship etc. The purpose of this paper is to design a desirable profile of a personality which might serve either as a paradigm of sports managers, development or an assumption of raching functional obility for this profession on the basis of a practical manager,sexperience and theoretical psychological knowledge.

354-359

Authors: Branko Škof, Vedran Hadžić, Edvin Dervišević

Running is probably the most frequent form of regular physical activity in the general population. Unfortunatelly the running related injuries are also quite frequent and different authors are reporting the injury rates between 19,4 % to 79,3 % (Knobloch, Yoon, & Vogt, 2008). The purpose of our cross-sectional study was to evalute the injury rates and anatomical distribution of lower extremity injuries in slovenian runners of different gender, age and training level. Unique injury report form was used to evaluate data of 1.323 recreative runners (50.3 % females and 49.7 % males, average age 37.8 ± 10.9 let). The results have shown that: - During the previous year 53.5 % of runners had experienced at least one running related injury that caused them to miss from regular running for at least one week. - The proportion of uninjured female runners during the previous year was significantly lower when compared to male runners (59.1 % females vs. 40.9 % males, Chi square = 0.000) - The age and the running training volume were not related with injury rates. - The injury rates were related with the training level (Chi square = 0.024), which means that well trained runners had less injuries compared with less trained counterparts. Same was surprisingly true for young still unexperienced runners. - The injuries were of acute nature in 59.3 % cases while 28.9 % runners reported overuse injuries. - The rate of overuse injuries is increasing with age of the runner as with the over 50y old runners the prevalence of overuse injuries was 40.9 %, while in the below 35y runners the prevalence was only 26.4 % (Chi square = 0.014). The running related overuse injuries of lower extremity are in many cases related to inappropriate training approach (too qucikly, too much; too quickly, too fast).

372-377

Authors: Mojca Doupona Topič, Samo Rauter, Milan Žvan,Jay Coakley

Elite international sports are staged in connection with national symbols and involve competitions between athletes and teams representing nation-states. The victors regularly express their joy by displaying their national flag, and spectators use victories as occasions for reaffirming and articulating national pride. The aim of the study was to determine how national identity is formed in connection with sports, and the ways that national identity is integrated into the lives of athletes. The sample included top-level athletes. All participants were members of the Slovenian national team (handball, voleyball, track and field, swimming, cross country skiing, rowing). Social-demographic variables, value categories, motivation for competition, national pride, awareness to be Slovenianian-ness were analysed. Results shows that sporting achievements do have a strong correlation with the national identity.

384-390

Authors: Živorad Marković,Dragoljub Višnjić,Milovan Stamatović, Goran Šekeljić

There are more researches which deal with the ratio between body weight and school bag which in most cases on all continents overpasses the weight of 10% of pupils’ total weight, which indicates that recommendations of World Health Organization are not followed. World Health Organization proposed that maximal weight which could be carried by children should not be higher than 10% of their body weight. The weight of a school bag that children carry to school every day is from 4.0 to 7.7 kilos in different researches (Casey & Dockrell, 1996; Pascoe et al.; Grimmer et al., 1999). Represented by percentage of children’s body weight these values vary from 10% to 20%. The goal of this research was to study the relations between pupils’ body weight and school bag weight and on the basis of the results to give recommendation for praxis. The results for younger and older pupils are similar to the results of other researches in the world. The concern is about the great gap which goes even further in higher classes, which indicates the relation to school of some pupils.

395-400

Authors: Goran Šekeljić, Milovan Stamatović, Žana Bojović,Živorad Marković

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of physical education after primary and secondary education. An assessment of sports-technical education in the basic elements of gymnastics, volleyball and basketball was conducted on the sample of 104 students of the Faculty of Education in Uzice. The results indicate that about 80% of evaluated motor skills were performed error-free or with only minor errors in technique and posture, 15% of those covered by the survey performed the required elements with significant errors in technique and posture, and only a few percent do not have these skills. This means that the quality of teaching in primary and secondary schools, as far as men are concerned ,was such as to meet one of the main goals of education - the acquisition of basic sports and technical education. The results are significant because in this case it is about the students who will teach physical education to children of junior school age, and survey results indicate that they will be able to demonstrate the basic elements of gymnastics and sports games correctly.

408-418

Authors: Dragan Đuranović,Srećko Novaković,Dejan Gligović

The acquired information and knowledge that the public in the sport events: from heterogeneous sport audience, media and sport superstructure to sports organizations relate to the security in a passive way, in an expectation that the risk of security incidents should be taken up by other security structures demand that the relationship police – sport should be changed and that the security of sport events should be primary part of sport, especially of clubs and other sports organizations. To achieve that the change a new attitude towards the security in sports organizations in necessary, in the system of values and with respect to the investment in the security of sport facilities. The first necessary step is an educational effort of sport associations and organizations that will induce the change towards the better appreciation of the security in sport.

425-433

Authors: Srećko Novaković

Sponsorship, as a very successful form of marketing, is quite common in sports. Thanks to the financial means which come from sponsorship, sports teams and individuals achieve top results. In return for that, sponsors take advantage by enhancing their brand and image for longer period. An extensive influence of sponsorship over sports development has been achieved through properly selected elements of sports strateg.

440-446

Authors: Dragan Vukasović, Obrad Tadić, Nebojša Milenković

The market is constituted in the sport tourism as well as other markets, which means that the market operators, market price and the main object of the constituent elements of the tourism market. The market is a set of interdependencies of regular contact between the actors of the market, supply and demand. All the scholars agree that the sports tourism is a specific market. Tourist offer is very heterogeneous, both in terms of number and type of goods and services that are offered to consumers by considering the number of carriers offer. In contrast, every user as an individual requires a large number of different services and goods, at different times and different quality. The difference between the sports tourism market and other markets is that it occurs in other markets a number of customers looking for exactly the goods or services to a particular supplier, and sports tourists require more complex services from suppliers and adequate price. In a particular area creates a package of services that satisfied the needs of tourists. Tourists requires a unique or complex services and adequate price and the offer is broken into several suppliers.

456-462

Authors: Miroljub Ivanović,Borislav Samardžić,Uglješa Ivanović,Paulina Samardžić

The aim of this research was to define structure relations of latent dimension violence among peers structure, characteristics and parent’s educational attitudes. In this research participated 134 basketball players (mini-jam, younger pioneers and pioneers). The research was conducted using the PRONA questionnaire for peers violence evaluation (Maksimovic and collaborators, 2008). Analysing the main components space of peers’ violence, three main components have been determined as dangerous behaviour exposure, announced victim and physiological violence. Mutual relation of these latent personality characteristics examinees dimensions and educational attitudes of their parents has been determined using the Pirson’s correlation coefficien.

471-476

Authors: Nina Đukanović,Zoran Mašić, Filip Radotić,Žarko Kostovski

Doping is the use of prohibited substances and/or methods that improve the abilities of athletes. Erythropoietin (EPO), the kidney hormone, belongs to a group of substances that are classified as blood doping, and it can be found on the list of banned substances from 1990. year. Its application leads to an increase in the number of red blood cells, which enables better supply of oxygen, and thus improve the aerobic performance of athletes. Because of that, EPO is very popular in sports where the endurance is predominantly required like a marathon, cycling, triathlon, nordic skiing. Erythropoietin can cause some adverse events, primarily to increase blood viscosity, which is associated with a higher risk of various thromboembolic complications. In detection of EPO use two groups of tests are available, through a urine sample (direct method) and blood sample (indirect method).

482-487

Authors: Dobrislav Vujović

On a sample of 44. younger school age schoolgirls, a study wasconducted in order to determine effects of rhythmic gymnastics contentin psyhical education teaching on transformation some motor skills. The subject of the motor skills research were: coordination,flexibilityand balance.After the initial measurements , the twelve hoursexperimental treatmant filled with rhythmic gymnastics content wascarried out, and after that the final measurement was carried out too, and the effects of experimental programme to the transformation ofinvestigated motor skills were analised. The final results show thatthere is a significant influence of applied rhythmic gymnasticscontent on transformation of trained motor skills. The greatest contribution of applied rhytmic gymnastics content on a diferencebetween initial and final measurements was recorded in the test forassessment of balance.

493-498

Authors: Aldijana Muratović,Georgi Georgiev

The research was conducted on 100 young handball players aged from 14 to15, from Montenegro. They were divided into two groups of 50 students each due to the regions they belong to (continental and Mediterranean). They were tested with 26 tests, 21 of which are related to basic motor abilities, and 5 are for estimating situational motor efficiency. The aim of the research is to compare the basic motor and situational motor abilities between the handball players from the two regions. After processing the data by t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), the drawn conclusion is that, within the treated space of basic motorics and situational motorics, the handball players from the continental region scored better results than those from Mediterranean region.

508-520

Authors: Jadranka Kocić,Slađana Tošić,Dragana Aleksić, Dragan Toskić

Synchronized swimming is way of acivitie connected with music. Emotional character in it could be very efficiency mean of childs` and youth` sport-recreative activities. The research was lead on 60 girls 7-15 years old, elementary schools pupils in Niš, members „Sirene“ Niš synchronized swimming clyb. Music abilities research was obtained using Seashore test for basic music abilities. For testing input procesors, perceptive reason, it was used IT-1 test. For testing efficiency parallel prosecor it was used S-1 test. For testing serial procesors, symbolic reason, it was used AL-4 test sinonime-atimime. For testing personal characteristics it was used instruments for testing dimensions of functional konnative regulatione mechanisms model. It was used bases statistics for every researcg area (music abilities, intellectual abilities, konnative characteristics and criteria variable); to estimate influence each predictor variable on criteria variable, it was used regression analysis. Results showed statistic efficiency in music and konnative factors. Synchronized swimming activities influence on growing spontaneous, independence developing, tense releases, and it is exellent area for emotional health and society desirable behaveour norm. These activities are reached by music, which in melodie and rithm diversity, gives complete enjoyment, and psychosisical relax and refreshment.

529-535

Authors: Slobodan Župljanin

Sports organizations as "sui generis" organizations inevitably have to adopt the concept of marketing as a business philosophy, if you want to survive and develop its activities in the modern business environment. Supply and demand as the market, and psychological phenomena are inherent in sports organizations. Sport is a special area of human activity in which marketing has a specific place and role. Sports and sporting events are also a massive public and media events and high level of interest involving multi-million audience. Between direct and indirect participants of these events takes place appropriate communication sociological, psychological and marketing character. The aim of this paper is to present the possibility of more efficient operation of sports organizations using and adopting the marketing concept as a philosophy of action.

542-545

Authors: Kenan Asani, Vujica Živković, Besnik Telai

Karate and other martial sports are a complex whole, which includes a multitude of punches, blocks, avoidances , attitudes and movements . To overcome those elements and the karateist to be led to considerable perfectionism, it is necessary to develop a good anthropological status, to develop satisfactory conative traits and cognitive abilities, and meet certain health and social aspects. After realizing those conditions, it is necessary to bring the athlete in the ideal fitness, technical, tactical and psychological level, thus creates ideal conditions and could be superb, or to achieve great results. In this sense, as a special research interest appears the need for finding an "ideal" battery of tests that will be possible to predict important anthropological dimensions and capabilities to assess performance in karate The aim is to establish some connection between the anthropometric characteristics based on the specific motor test in mae geri for the members of Macedonia's karate team The study is performed on a sample of 30 respondents (N = 15)juniors and (N = 15) seniors many years respondents of Macedonian Karate team. . The male juniors are aged from 16 to 17 years and the seniors over 18 years. On the sample were measured 17 anthropometric tests as predictor system of variables , and a specific motor test "Maegeri", which is used as the criterion variable.

551-556

Authors: Abdulla Elezi, Besnik Morina, Mimoza Xhemajli

Determining the relationship within the segments, and establish the correlation between the functional and motor areas may be important for programming load both in education and in sports and recreation. For this reason we set goals and work this year. The main objective of this research is to determine association and motor characteristics impact on functional ability (physical work capacity). The sample is defined as a sample of 263 respondents drawn from the population of secondary schools: Gymnasium Zenel Hajdini; Marin Barleti and Mehmet Isai in city of Gjilan. Nine tests were used to estimate motoric capabilities and a test of functional capacity of aerobic-type (physical work capacity). To determine the relation between the predictor (motor) variables and criterion variables (physical working capacity - PWC170) it is prepared the regression analysis of the manifest space. Analyses were made to the program SPSS 12.0 for Windows. The connection of the entire system of variables static relative strength with a score of Physics working capacity (PWC170) on a bicycle ergo meter as aerobic type variable explains the coefficient of multiple correlations, which is RO 0.394. Regression analysis indicates that the better results on a bicycle ergo meter will have respondents who score better in tests of static relative strength of the leg (at the test isometric muscle contraction quadriceps thighs) and static tests of the relative strength of arm and shoulder area (at the test of isometric contraction triceps muscle circumference).

563-572

Authors: Perica Ivanek,Branimir Mikić,Katarina Pinjuh,Jasmina Karabašić

In this empirical paper we consider the problem of communication and interaction between students and teachers in the classroom, looking at it from the aspect of the position of students and teachers in everyday teaching practice. Namely, we wanted to examine the attitudes of students and teachers related to the position of students and teachers on the occurrence of misunderstandings and conflicts in the classroom. The sample on which the study was conducted was made of third grade secondary vocational schools and high schools and their teachers. Dependent variable is descriptive: the position of students and teachers as a factor of conflict in communication between students and teachers, divided in to two groups of indicators (first: indicators that help to prevent conflicts-objective subjective position of students, and other: indicators that initiate the sole objective position of students and subjective position of the teacher). Research results to some extent, we should give a clearer picture of which segments are different perceptions of students and teachers related to the position as a factor in any conflict and misunderstanding in communication between the direct participants in the teaching process.

579-586

Authors: Abedin Ibrahimi,Vildane Jashari,Ismajl Jashari

The results of empirical research survey presented in this paper suggest that the level of physical activity observed high school students at a relatively high level. More detailed analysis showed that the sources of these activities - mostly spontaneous and economic and recreational hobby activities, unreliable supports for regular physical activity coordinated with the health standard set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine.

594-599

Authors: Mimoza Xhemaili

The research has been made in order to certify the level of anthropometric and motor features impact as predictive (independent) variables on completion of situational-motor test as criteria (dependent) variable. This research has included the sample of 60 young handball players aged 17 and 18 of Handball Club Drita from Gjilan. The variables sample was composed of a group of ten tests; four anthropometric variables and five motor tests as predictive variables and one situational-motor test as a criteria variable. For each anthropometric, motor and situational-motor variable central dispersive and statistical parameters have been considered. In order to evaluate their predicative results and criteria connection the regressive analysis has been applied. Correlation results of criteria variable and anthropometric and motor (predictive) system variable; it shows that there is an important statustucak connection between criteria variable (throwing of the ball with interruption from a 6 meters distance group into the square 1x1 m in one minute) and the predictive system. Out of four anthropometrical variables and five motor tests, only the motor variable – long leap from the spot – MLLFS. (Beta) = 0.517 is important to P = 0.000 level.

605-610

Authors: Dušan Simonović,Dragan Krivokapić

Ever since it has been founded, the Montenegrin Olympic Committee has registered international cooperation followed thorough principles of olympism development as well as its important role in the international cooperation and strengthening of interstate friendly relations. The Olympic Games have always been consisted of a lot of programs having the common aim-making the world a better place through sports. Most of them are continual, and without press. A lot of programs involve close international cooperation with different sports organisations, governmental and non-governmental sector, sportsmen, businessmen, etc. In spite of the popularity enjoyed by the Olympic Games, they were never imagined to be the purpose for themselves. Also, they represent means for achieving other, socially very important aims promoting sports activity, especially among the youths, with an accent on friendship, fair play, respecting other nations and other values.

621-627

Authors: Jovica Petković, Dragan Krivokapić

The modern lifestyle of today's man imposes the need to return to nature, which is the primordial and evolutionary related. Man's desire for an increase of leisure timespent in an environment that suits their biological characteristics, is in part genetically determined, while is strongly related to the existence of awareness of the importance of staying active in nature. It has long been known that physical activity in nature is one of the best ways to preserve and promote health. Through regular stimulation and guiding the natural environment one can produce positive changes in structure and function of the organism. The collective life of camping and outdoor activities significantly affect the formation of personality. It develops comradeship, solidarity,self-sacrifice. The constant activities and obligations arising from them accountable to their colleagues, result in forming solid personalities.

637-643

Authors: Goran Roglić,Franja Fratrić, Milan Nešić,Duško Bjelica,Dejan Madić

Infrared thermography, or thermovision, is getting more and more applicable in sport and sport rehabilitation. Thermovisional method is fast, efficient, and with technology development it is getting more and more available. In this paper thermovisional method is used to improve kendo training process. Kendo is japanese martial art with sword. Kendo traininng is specific. With termovision we can show correct posture and practice with sword.