Sport Mont

3-5

Authors: Pavel Opavsky

The concept of violence is closely linked to aggressive behavior. The origin of aggressiveness dates back to the time when every biological individual could save themselves or to can sustain its kind, provided that it has the ability of defense. This ability to developed for millennia and becoming more complex, and as a significant psychological dimension inscribed in the mind, leaving the records in all the more developed central nervous system. Once written in the genetic code, has remained indelible. Absolutely existence of genes with violent symbolizes had its developmental course. Following the course of millions of years, He initially had exclusively defensive character. As resources for survival became insufficient for all, survived only individuals that have found a way to fight for food. This method was essentially violent. This method enabled the stronger (violent) to survive. That biological privilege did not have an individual with no violent component, and they are not survivors. This has held selection only species with a violent component in their Genam.

12-19

Authors: Milan Čoh, Matej Supej, Milan Žvan, Stojan Burnik

The aim of this study was to identify the key dynamic and kinematic parameters of the take-off action in the high jump. The authors studied a single elite athlete (personal record 2.31m) using a direct measurement method, i.e. a force plate, to measure the dynamic parameters and a synchronised 3D video system to measure the kinematic parameters. They were able to collect and calculate data on 49 variables. Given that the study was focused on just one athlete, generalisation of the results can only be limited. However, this was a very specific experiment where the results clearly have theoretical and practical value for biomechanical research of high jump technique modelling. Their findings include that the jumper studied developed the highest ground reaction force in the eccentric phase of the take-off. The ground reaction force in the vertical direction exceeded his body weight by 5.6 times. In the concentric phase, the maximum ground reaction force was 9% lower than in the eccentric phase. They were also able to identify large ground reaction forces in the horizontal and lateral directions, which are manifested in extreme loading on the ankle joint of the jumper’s take-off leg during the take-off action.

33-39

Authors: Blaž Jereb, Stojan Burnik

The aim of the present study is to monitor heart rate (HR) at real and at simulated altitude before and immediately after acclimatization, and one month after acclimatization. Six students of Faculty of Sport in Ljubljana (two women and four men) participated in the study. They undergone 18-day long acclimatization process on 2100 - 5642 m. HR was measured during the step test at 300 m, 2100 m, and 3800 m (in a laboratory »Josef Stefan« Ljubljana, at simulated altitude). The results show that the HR decreased significant immediately after acclimatization comparing to the values before acclimatization. HR values returned to the values before acclimatization one month after acclimatization.

47-50

Authors: Josip Lepeš

Body height, weight and motor performances data of 348 junior level primary schools girls 122 seven, 151 eight, 76 nine year olds. The results show that girls born in summer and in autumn generally had better performances in most of the skills, than those born in spring and winter and the differences were proved statistically in each case, expect obstacle race test. Girls who were better than average at some motor skills, generally outdid their school maters or contemporary group average at other motor skill performance as well.

58-62

Authors: Dragan Krivokapić,Olivera Krivokapić

The results of the recent studies concerning the impact of psychological factors on the school success show that, in average, only 50% of the success rate could be ascribed to developmental level of intelligence, while the remainder of the variable is saturated with factors of non-intellectual nature. Among the factors unconditioned by intellectual characteristics, the special role in motivation for effective studying is played by motivation for learning - especially the intrinsic one. It is understood that, when it comes to physical education, the intrinsic motivation sources are in fact primary sources, especially if we are striving to maintain motivation at the necessary level for a longer period. The process of development and maintenance of intrinsic motivation is of vital importance, particularly due to the fact that absenteeism or inactivity in physical education classes is becoming increasingly pronounced among students in higher grades of elementary and high schools. It should be borne in mind that the number of children spending most of their time in sitting position in front of their computers or TV sets is increasing on a daily basis. Consequently, we have higher incidence of postural deformities in elementary school-age children. Development and shaping of intrinsic motivation in terms of increasing willingness to do physical exercise systematically and continuously could be a means of diminishing the above-mentioned problems.

70-74

Authors: Milka Marković,Miroslav Radoman

This paper outlines principles of lexicographical standardization of bilingual English-Serbian dictionary of sports terminology. The issue is analyzed both from aspects of macro and microstructure of the dictionary. The part of macrostructure is divided into three sections: a. economy register segment choice, b. number of lexemes of general language fund, c. organization of lexical entries. The part of microstructure of the dictionary is also organised in three sections: a. term in native language, b. translational equivalent and c. definition of meaning.

82-91

Authors: Kemal Idrizović

If selection in sport represents the basic link in the strategy of long-term sports development, and it certainly is, even more than that, than it, at least when the ahethic disciplines 100m and 200m, will never be the same. The revolution was made by the sports appearance such as Usain Bolt. What really happened, whether it has always been presumed, but not confirmed, will be answered in basic observations in this paper. This primarily includes the basic principles of long-term training of athletic sprint. Since the sprint disciplines of 100 and 200m in athletics represent the concrete manifestation of human capacities of maximum exploitation of physical potential in extremely short period of time, which are on the other hand concretely presented in maximum fast movement (running) in these parts of the athletic track, it means that in motoric sense the basis of these movements is in the speed as motoric capacity.

98-103

Authors: Veselin Jovović,

The state and the status of the spinal column in the profile plane are established among 511 tested, both sexes. the sample is found among the pupil population of seventh class of the primary school, from the territory of Podgorica and Nikšić. Estimate of the state cyfosa and lordosa is subjugated to combinative methods and techniques of measuring, attractive for more extensive and masser questionings in school conditions. It is shows by research that the deviations of the spinal column in the profile plane are present in considerable percent among adolescent age pupils in Nontenegro. Far the biggest percent of the spinal column devations in the profile plane are easier forms of disoders reductive disorders which can be corrected bu the use of definite steps.

116-121

Authors: Žarko Kostovski,S. Cupina, Jasmin Mehinovič

On a sample of 100 participants high karate athletes from R. Macedonia at the age of 18-27 +/- 6 months, were applied 13 motoric variables from which, 3 variables are for evaluating the rhythmic structure of the karate athletes, 6 variables are evaluating the frequency of movement and 3 variables are for evaluating the explosive strength of the lower extremities’, like a predictive system of variables, and one variable for evaluating specific karate coordination like a criteria variable. The relations between the variables in some of the motoric latitudes and the criteria variable have been established with estimating a correlation matrix and regressive analyze. The results from the regressive analyze have shown that the predictive system of variables have a statistic significance affect on the criteria variable of the specific karate coordination on a degree of .00 (p=.00).

128-136

Authors: Primož Pori,Uroš Mohorič,Marko Šibila

The aim of the study was to analyze response of the players in some physiological and loading variables on different intense interval “fast-break and quick retreat” exercise in Team handball. A group of fifteen well trained team handball players of the third Slovenian handball league (age: 23,3 ± 3,3 yr, height: 184 ± 2 cm, body weight: 87 ± 7,3 kg, training experience: 7,8 ± 3,6 yr) participated in the present study. The sample of variables consisted of six physiological and five loading variables. Differences between the average arithmetic mean values of loading as well as physiological variables were tested with the General linear model of repeated measures. It seems that the physiological response of players during the interval “Fast-break with quick retreat” 3vs3 is the most closely related with the results of similar studies, made on the sample of the team handball players during the handball matches. The specific interval handball exercises that we use in present study could be very suitable from the specificsendurance preparation aspect.

143-148

Authors: Vidran Kljajević

This research was conducted on 740 students, fourth grade in 14 secondary schools in Montenegro. The data collection used a five stage skla Likertovog type. The main objective of this study was to determine the styles of behavior high school physical education teachers and the impact of these styles on students' positive attitudes toward physical education. The paper made reference to the results of this study whose aim was to determine the attitudes of objectivity of evaluation, character traits of teachers and their sources of satisfaction in physical education.

157-160

Authors: Milan Šolaja, Miloš Petrović, Goran Dimitrić

On a sample of 62 resopndets, of which 31 soccer player and 31 tennis player, ages 10 to 13, t-test for two independent groups was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the results achived in three motor tests: long jumps from place, triple jumps feom place and running in 20 meters. It was concluded that differences in motoric abilities of the respondents in this age were not statisticaly significant.

171-177

Authors: Maja Pori, Primož Pori, Matej Tušak

The objective of the research was to find a correlation between motor abilities and working efficiency of soldiers in a battle unit of Slovenia Armed Forces (SAF). The subject consisted of 115 soldiers (age = 27,1 ± 3,7 years) who were serving in the first brigade of the SAF. Motor abilities were measured with 11 motor tests, assessing the level of flexibility, speed, strength and coordination. To evaluate working efficiency of soldiers a special questionnaire was used, which consisted of 19 statements. Superior officer was asked to fill a questionnaire for each inferior soldier with values from 1 to 5. The correlation between motor abilities and working efficiency was assessed with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. We have found 5 statistically significant correlations. Motor tests correlating most with working performance were tests of arm strength.

184-188

Authors: Duško Bjelica

Under the sports media propaganda mean laptops ( or funds for transmission ) propaganda messages . These are , first of all , the press , radio and television . media sports propaganda must be media sports communication , because the advertiser does not want to communicate with one or two people ( it will be better achieved by personal contact , and not through the media ) . He wants to communicate with a large number of people . This means that advertising medium should be able to convey the meaning of propaganda thousands of people . The advantages in the use of television for propaganda purposes are sound and movement , very great coverage , the ability to use color , a great convenience for testing sports action . Its disadvantages have , however , as it is costly and inflexible in terms of time .

195-203

Authors: Miroslav Radoman,Miroslav Smajić,Aleksandar Joksimović,Bogdan Tomić

The area of technical-tactical activities is very interesting and unexplored, especially because the game from year to year changes faster. The aim of this research is to perform analysis of different forms of shots in football (in the official statistics) and their association with outcomes of football matches at the World Cup 2006. in Germany (FIFA World Cup Germany 2006.). The sample consists of observations of 64 games played at the World Cup 2006. in Germany. Sample characteristics are elements of games that are leading the official statistics, which is promoted for all FIFA competitions that take place under its auspices, including the World Championships. Of five elements for analysis was selected four. Based on the analysis set forth can be concluded that the team winning the game stands out significantly in all analyzed characteristics in relation to the game the team with a score draw or a defeat where the difference is less. All teams that have achieved the victory had offensive tactics or were technically dominant in relation to the opponent.

210-218

Authors: Zoran Milošević,Mičurin Mirče Berar

From the aspect of contributions of true reformers Dr Đorđe Natošević, Aleksandar Demetrović, Dr Tihomir Ostojić, Pavle Miljušević, and Gligorije Mirković, secondary school education of the Serbs in Vojvodina until 1914, represents a specific recollection of the pedagogical thought in terms of “future”. It is not for no reason that focusing on the contribution of certain individuals i.e. torchbearers of the modern physical education today, especially tomorrow, sets us apart from misfortunes of those who “do not know what they want” and catastrophe of those who “do not know what they can do”. Today, as once used to be the case with Vienna, Dresden and Bučarov’s Zagreb, we need a source of new European ideas, as well as awareness that “balance” within the divided world can be found in the works of seductive East, especially in the achievements of our own people. It is for this very reason that the Serbian intelligence, which is being taught warning lessons about superficiality and uninterestedness of even the most educated ones, is responsible towards future generations to follow the “track of the past” in order to find new sense on frequently imposed paths. In this direction, it is doubtlessly difficult to recognize the place and role of politics, economy, culture and least of all physical culture and education as a whole, however, one cannot deny the fact that the 19th and 20th centuries spread the “fog” in which it is difficult to “distinguish” the relations between global and national goals, modern and traditional attitudes, pleasure of squandering and creativity of work.

226-234

Authors: Jelica Stojanović,Nevenka Zrnzević

The obesty is a state characterized by pathological accumulation of fat tissue in the body, and nutritional disorders are associated with the high risk of numerous health problems since earliest childhood. The obesty has been increasing and it has now reached the proportion of an epidemic with the tendency of growth in the number of fat people. Such a negative trend directly influences the reduction of the functional and motorical abilities of the entire population. The research purpose to examine state nutrition the younger elementary schoolchildren and to see if there are deviations between the age groups. In the reasearching were included 313 tested divaidedin four groups. All tested were a regular pupils of the first and second grade of elementary school. In the resarching there were include the bouth the poles of pupils and the conditiones for testing were optimal. On the basis of anthropometric measurement of the body weight and height, body mass index (BMI) values were calculated. And if is index of body mass is possible to find a lot of critrcizm, where is the most important that is not support constructive specific of the one man, but it gave information with results is possible standardation and clasification. The differences have been established through multivariant analysis of MANOVA variance, single variant univariant analysis of ANOVA variance and Discriminative analyses.

248-253

Authors: Goran Dimitrić, Borislav Obradović, Radosav Saša

This paper presents development of talent identification and detection through history, high lighting the most conclusive attempts of organiyation of mentioned processes. Talent identification and detection is long-lasting process. Through history of sport, scientests tried to made the best talent identification model. There were a lot of attempts of finding way of chosing young perspective athletes, capable for maintaining high sport results. According with music, art, science, .... sport workers tried to form pattern of identification and selection. Many of this attempts failed, some of them stayed untill today as modified form, adapted to modern sport.

259-262

Authors: Goran Dimitrić, Borislav Obradović, Tijana Krsmanović, Milan Šolaja, Ivan Grujić

In aim of confirming relations betwen swimming 50m crowl with arms only, swimming 50m crowl with legs only and 50m crowl swimming, a transversal research was carried out on 17 male swimmers aged 15-16. Criteria on this research was 50m crowl swimming – 50mK and predictor variables were: swimming 50m crowl with arms only – 50mRK, swimming 50m crowl with legs only – 50mNK. Regression analisys shows that swimming 50m crowl with legs only significantly correlate with 50m crowl swimming for this sample.

277-282

Authors: Žarko Kostovski,Adem Preljević,Sylejman Shala

On a sample of 100 participants high karate athletes from R. Macedonia at the age of 18-27 +/- 6 months, were applied 13 motoric variables from which, 3 variables are for evaluating the rhythmic structure of the karate athletes, 6 variables are evaluating the frequency of movement and 3 variables are for evaluating the explosive strength of the lower extremities’, like a predictive system of variables, and one variable for evaluating specific karate coordination like a criteria variable. The relations between the variables in some of the motoric latitudes and the criteria variable have been established with estimating a correlation matrix and regressive analyze. The results from the regressive analyze have shown that the predictive system of variables have a statistic significance affect on the criteria variable of the specific karate coordination on a degree of .00 (p=.00).

296-402

Authors: Dimitrije Rašović

Montenegro is the current name appears 1276.year in the Charter of King Milutin. It was named after the high trees that are covering the hill Lovcen until the very tops of giving his country, viewed from the sea, "black" and the grim look. The beauty of Montenegro is full of contrasts which testify of its three regions: Coastal, Central and Mountain regions, which allows the conditions for engaging in all sports, especially sports belonging to the Olympic sports. Olympism itself has a long tradition in Montenegro, which dates before the Modern Olympic Games in Athens 1896.year and Montenegrins activity to find on the biggest sports festival back 1896.year.

311-314

Authors: Goran Dimitrić, Borislav Obradović, Tijana Krsmanović, Milan Šolaja

In aim of correlation between antropometric characteristics and results of swimming 50m crowl a group of 30 swimmers of swimming club „Vojvodina“, aged 13-14, underwent some anthropometric measurements, of longitudinal dimensions such as: body height, body mass, arm length and hand length.Regression analisys showed that body height corellated with 50m crowl score Other measures didn΄t corelatted significantly on this sample. Study results confirms importance of body height of swimmers for successful swimm on 50m crawl in the age 13-14 years.

322-328

Authors: Miodrag Banović

In Bar we still do not have experiance that for investments in sport facilities, sport experts are consulted. Such an approach to this problem put in question racional reasons for an investment? Consequences: Such facilities were not built in accordance with the sport rules and could not be registrated to the Sports Associations for performance of official sport competitions. 1. Hotel „Topolica“, 1980. year (open swimming pool), 2. OŠ „Anto Đedović“, 1983. year (asfaltfloor playground), 3. Sportsko-rekreativni centar Bar, 1986. year (tartan track i asfaltfloor playground), 4. OŠ „Meksiko“, 1987. year ( gim), 5. Sportsko-rekreativni centar Bar, 1987. year (stadium dressing room), 6. Sportsko-rekreativni centar Bar, 2004. year (tartan track i asfaltfloor playground, i cross-country track ) 7. Rekreativni parak „Oaza“, 2005. godine ( trim track reconstruction and artificial light instalement at „Oaza“), 8. Sportsko-rekreativni centar Bar, 2009. year (football – tennis pitch), Distorical and descriptive methods were used. Subject of inquiery were sport facilities where sport rules were not followed.

345-351

Authors: Bylbyl Sokoli, Bujar Turjaka, Aziz Dujaka, Lulzim Ibri

Upotrijebljena je baterija testa koja se sastojala od 15 (morfoloških i motoričkih) varijabli. Diskriminativnom analizom varijabli igrača prvoplasirane ekipe (A) i igrača ostaloplasiranih ekipa (B), fudbalske kadetske lige u Gnjilanu, uzrasta 16 godina ± 6 mjeseci, možemo utvrditi da na antropometrijskom i motoričkom prostoru igrači prvoplasirane ekipe (A) i igrači ostaloplasiranih ekipa (B), fudbalske kadetske lige postoji statistički značajna razlika. Razlikovanje skupina motorickih varijabli je vjerojatno uzrokovano pod utjecajem boljeg programa treniranost. Struktura diskriminativne funkcije je bipolarna. Pozitivan pol najbolje definiraju varijable: antropoetrije a na negativnom polu smjestile su se, varijable motorike. Na osnovi ovakvih rezultata da se zaključiti da pod utjecajem adekvatnog i programiranog treninga, postoje određene značajne razlike u promatranom morfološkom i motoričkom prostoru. Značaj ovog rada sastoji se u prikazu razlikovnih vrijednosti onih morfoloških obilježja i motoričkih sposobnosti za koje je dokazano da su razvijenije i karakteristične za dređeno usmjerenje i na koje se vrši određeni utjecaj tijekom programiranog treninga. Na osnovi dobivenih rezultata može se utvrditi na kojoj su razini antropološka obilježja igrača određenog usmjerenja. Oni mogu biti dobra osnova za kreiranje sportskih programa i treninga. Na taj način fudbalski sportski treninzi trebala bi biti važan faktor kojim bi se vršio utjecaj u svrhu poboljšanja antropoloških obilježja igača, osobito onih osobina koje su slabije razvijene kod pojedinih usmjerenja. Tako bi se dodatno utjecalo na stvaralačke i radne sposobnosti u sferi profesionalne orijentacije igrača.

356-361

Authors: Dobrislav Vujović, Jovica Petković

The sustained and systematic training processes related to the handball have various influences on creating those anthropological characteristics that can be influenced on the basis of exogenesis. A well organized, longer training process is a very important factor that can significantly influence on the quality and quantity of those characteristics of the players that are not being inborn. The objective of the paper is to show the influence of the programmed triennial handball training on the changing of the physical abilities of the female handball players of the Montenegrin national team.

368-374

Authors: Nebojša Maksimović, Radenko Matić, Zoran Milošević

Any sports club organization is main tool for achieving his goals. If club’s basic goal – to achieve standard business performances (work characteristics and business) – mark of efficiency his organization or his organizational diagnostics, demands maintenance on economic (finance) analysis. In this research, with assisted program FINMEN set an example of financial management analysis in sports organizations.

382-388

Authors: Goran Vasić, Goran Dimitrić, Nebojša Čokorilo

In everyday life nutrtion is very important due to helth. When talking about sport, consuming vitamnis and mineralas, as well as hidratation also are very important. Except taking minerals it is very important to know how to prepare it, the quality and quantity of those taking. All this needs depend of gender, stature, weight of athlet, sport and instantly state of athlet. All this reasons showing why nutrition is become serious theme in the world. Effects of rationale food consuming is visible in evrey day life as well as in sport successes.

403-407

Authors: Kosta Goranović, Duško Bjelica

The Olympic Games represent one of the most important phenomena, not only in the field of sports, but in almost all spheres of human activity for a long time. The aim of work was indicating to basic phenomena of Antique Olympic Games and Modern Optimism through historical model implementation as special research method, in sense of further scientific explanation of Olympic Movement from genetic point of view. Contribution of the Antique Olympic Games and Modern Optimism is huge today. Honours, had by Olympic winners in Antique Greece, as well as great number of benefits that winners of modern Olympic Times have, give a significant explanation for still big race of the world of sports, science, political ideology and at the end big companies for Olympic medals.

414-417

Authors: Dimitrić Goran, Obradović Borislav, Vasić Goran

The aim of this study was to find what parametars affect on swimming speed on 100m crowl on students. Total of 66 students, at the age of 21 –23, participated in this research. There were 6 criterion variables from specific motoric skills as well as one predictive variable, swimming speed on 100m crowl. We have concluded that speed – endurance, swimming with legs and swimming technique significantly contribute for successful swimming on 100m crowl. These facts should use trainers to know how to improve work with students and get better swimming results on 100m crowl.

423-428

Authors: Goran Gojković

As per sample of 212 the fifth grade students of both sex at the age of 11 (±6 months) in Montenegrin elementary schools, it was used a system of 15 variables for the estimation of their motor abilities. The examination was done with the purpose to establish the differentiations between subsamples of different sex. Applying discriminative and one variant analysis, it is noticed that both, initial and final measuring statistically important level of both sex group differences. For the existing differences, in the first place, it's the responsibility of variables for estimating power and rapidity of moving. In these variables, the male examinees are superior. One variant analysis of covariant shows a presence of statistical important difference between subsamples of both sex in a small number of variables.

437-441

Authors: Marija Joksimović, Vukosav Joksimović,Dobrislav Vujović

Physical activity has a manifold significance in an overall growth and development of a young person. It has an effect on obesity prevention, cardio-vascular system diseases and on other chronic diseases prevention as well as it contributes to maintaining of normal muscular power and joints function, optimal skeleton development and obtaining the maximum bone mass in the period of adolescence. It also has a positive effect on mental health. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how active the students of Medical Vocational and Training School in Berane are and what their attitude on its significance is. The research has been conducted in the Medical Vocational and Training School “Branko Zogovic” in Berane, in one class of the third grade and in oneclass of the fourth grade (61 students) by the means of a questionnaire. 34/61 (72,3%) of the students are not physically active and 21/61 (34,4%) believe that physical activity has a positive effect on health. The results show a low physical activity in the students of this school and their not recognizing its significance. Therefore, it is necessary that more attention is paid to physical education so that young people could have a possibility to show more interest in sports as well as in healthy lifestyles.

3-8

Authors: Branko Škof, Radoje Milić, Mateja Fabjanič

Preventing a decrease in aerobic capacity in middle age and later through regular physical activity, is the key task of preventive gerontology. The study aimed to establish the effect of a complex, 24-week recreational running programme on endurance (running fitness) and the physiological and biochemical parameters of aerobic efficiency of people in medium and late-middle age. The study involved 25 women and 22 men of an average age of 42.5 ± 10.3 years (from 27 to 63 years) and of very different physical conditions. After the 24-week training, the runners’ VO2max improved by 10.4% and 8.9%, respectively; (P < 0.001), whereas their endurance improved by 17.1% (P < 0.001). The improvement in the runners’ aerobic capacity was mainly due to the increase in the heart stroke volume by 9.2%, (P < 0.05) and to a smaller extent to A-V dif.

16-23

Authors: Duško Bjelica

Introduction. The primary aim of this investigation was to determine if the actual centers of bodily gravitation move in the same speed or whether their movements differ in speed, depending on the periods the speeds are observed, namely the period of resistance and the period of flight. Whereas the other aim of the investigation was to determine whether the sprint technique is typical only for the professional sprinters, or the same principles are valid to both medium and long-distance runners. Methodology. Analyzing kinograms we get special recording of the subject who is moving in front of the camera. The camera is fixed and its film records the positions of the subject while moving. This methodology allows us to record numerous positions in a time unit. During this research, camera made 60 records in each second. Contrary to the statistic research, kinematic methodology is not interested in a status of a population, but in a most rational way of movement, mainly with the regard to complex sport movements. As a principle, kinematic research uses the method of paradigm, i.e. it does not investigate the groups but the individual subjects. Moreover, it is a subject who has achieved the best result in the investigated domain. Results of the research. This research is primarily focused on the problem of the speed of the gravitational centre of the caudal part of the body, cranial part of the body, and the centre of gravity of the whole body. We aimed at determining the speed of the actual parts of the body at the athletic sprinters, medium and long-distance runners, who used maximum, medium, and low speed. After the measurements, we are given the following results: the speed of the gravitational centre of a sprinter’s body in the phase of resistance, when he moved in a maximum speed, was 9.40 m/sec, the medium distance runner made 8.26 m/sec, while the long distance runner made 7.73 m/sec. Conclusion. Having in mind the biomechanical postulates of the running technique, we’ve come to a general conclusion that the differences in the running technique at variously specialized runners are, by a rule, of quantitative nature, i.e. as the speed decreases the step becomes shorter and the amplitudes of the swing become smaller. Typical of the rational running technique is the presence of the oscillatory movement of the longitudinal axis of the moving apparatus in the sagittal plane.

30-35

Authors: Boyanka Peneva

Contemporary circumstances make specialists to connect the conception of Olympic education not only with the Olympic movement as an imposing social phenomenon but with school education on all levels as well. Nowadays two orientations are outlined: 1) Researches to Olympism 2) Teaching through Olympism First direction of Olympic education is turned to the enrichment of the researches about Olympism in the different countries and spread the gathered new knowledge all around the earth. This direction concerns enrichment of the academic programmes. Second direction is connected with young generation (pupils, students and athletes) and youth programmes and projects, based on the Olympic principles. This paper is a study on the problem starting from the renewal of the contemporary Olympic Games in 1896 to nowadays and the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. Olympic education concerns not only the content of the lessons of physical education but the other school subjects as well. This is a new world’s tendency.

41-46

Authors: Drago Milošević

In the physical education, i.e. in the teaching, out-teaching and extra-scholar working process, apart from the monitoring, checking and estimation of the students’ health level, their mobility abilities, sport-technical knowledge and achievements, it is also important the monitoring and checking of the effects of that working process in respect of the erudition values of the students. The erudition-social characteristics of the students, noted by the teacher during the work in all of the organizational working forms of the physical education, coordinated with the others contents of estimation, will improve the estimation process. On the basis of those knowledge we suggest the estimation model of the erudition-social characteristics of the high school (gymnasium) students of the physical education.

54-57

Authors: Žarko Kostovski

The research is made on intentional sample of participants, members of Macedonian Karate Representation, in the period of preparing to qualify for the world championship in Tokyo 2008. Within the research, were used 19 (nineteen) variables for evaluation the following motorics areas: tests for evaluate muscles strength, explosive strength, movement frequency of lower extremity, rhythmic and coordination. Basic purpose of the research was to establish difference within the variables to evaluate motorics abilities between male karate athletes on the age of 18 to 28 (seniors), after a nine-day programmed training in the period of preparing. Using comparative method the results from the both measures, whereby there were evident numerical improvement in the whole motorist abilities, but no difference in the levels of statistic significances.

64-68

Authors: Slavko Molnar, Stevo Popović,Dragan Doder

There are many researches in the field of growth and development of motoric abilities all around the world and in our country, as well. The question is, whether the development had significantly higher quality ten years ago or today? The main goal of this research follows from this question and it represents the derivation some knowledge about the difference of some motoric abilities between two generation of boys aged 10 years old in a football school. The sample was taken from 45 boys who were tested in 1997 and 45 boys who were tested in 2007. The sample of variables comprised 8 motoric measures which define flexibility, explosive strength of under extremities, repetitive strength of abdominal muscles, coordination and speed. The data was collected by t-test and it was concluded that there were a significant difference of means in five variables.

84-93

Authors: Mehmeti Ejup,Muhedin Hodžić,Amela Hadžiahmetović, Aldin Ferić

Results of the analysis of influence of motor parameters on the results in situacionomotoričkim tests of football suggests two main conclusions : results in motor tests significantly affected ( p = .01 ) at the level of achievement in all analyzed situational football tests ; the achievements of the situational tests considerably more influence those indicators motor skills , which are under the influence of the system for energy regulation , but abilities that are under the influence of the system for the regulation of movement .

101-108

Authors: Milan Nešić

One of the characteristics of contemporary sport is certainly a wide array of sports and sport discliplines young people can choose among. This is particularly obvious through establishment of numerous schools of sport as places where people can acquire fundamental sport knoweldge and skills. The point of selection for such an engagement is the school, or, in other words, primary school children. The development of young athletes starts at a very early stage. They are faced with high demands and exposed to training sessions of different scope and intensity. In order to direct complex processes in sport efficiently and well, various factors need to be considered that affect it to a lesser or higher degree. One of those factors is indisputably the family, i.e. the influence parents have on meeting the children’s need for physical (sport) activity. In the process of children’s socialization that factor is given the greatest prominence. Therefore, parents are a crucial factor in young people’s sport engagement and, thus, cannot be taken as a constituent part of a sports organization’s surroundings, but as a partner in their development.

116-121

Authors: Kosta Goranović,Jovan Gardašević

Estimating the level of training (anaerobic capacity) of two teams of special police forces represents the problem of transverse research. The aim is to make differences in segment of estimated potential in two groups of examinees. Presence of statistically important difference between two groups of examinees shows that the examinees of the first team posses higher level of training-anaerobic capacity.

127-129

Authors: Danilo Aćimović, Enver Međedović

The paper discusses about the necessity of use of contemporary communication methods, which primarily reflects in public relations (PR activities) as one of key activities for successful management practice in global, likewise in special attention to the sport.

136-140

Authors: Dejan Madić, Dušanka Tumin, Nenad Kaličanin

Female population,s model of thinking about women in sport depends of woman like professors, instructors and coaches in sport. From that reason, it is interesting to analise conative charachteristics of female students of physical education and compare it with same anthropological characherstics of their male colege in this research.

149-153

Authors: Dejan Madić

The sample of 260 students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical education were tested for the influence of morphological characteristics on their success in exercises on apparatuses. Negative statistically significance influence on the success in exercises on apparatuses had morphological factor of the longitudinal skeleton dimensions as well as the factor of subcutaneous tissue. There are some diferencies in results on manifest level.

164-169

Authors: Ahmet Međedović,Enver Međedović, Omer Špirtović

Our team explored the structure of physical education classes, ie. representation of the exercise, as well as the effective exercise time in the preparation of the classes, observed during the students’ exercise time, comparing the difference in training with and without equipment, the relationship between the total duration of the preparatory part of the class, as well as some of its specifics. We considered the role of formation exercise, its application in terms of prevention and correction, at first its action as stimulating factor at the body functioning, ie. exercises that prepare locomotion organs for complex physical activity and more effort. Research will show how teachers affect the realization of program content in the preparation of the class, their attitude and opinion, as well as the influence of teachers’ education and employment duration at the implementation of the engagement at this phase of class. We used polling, and survey instrument is constructed for the purpose of this observation. It contained twelve questions that had been directly related to the preparatory part of physical education class. The sample of research consisted of both sexes teachers and measured values were statistically processed. Results are represented at the table and responses were ranked and its values were graphicly displayed.

174-178

Authors: Gordan Drašinac,Igor GlavičićZoran Delibašić

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the state and future prospects of training students in diving throughout the education system in Croatia. By introducing the subject of “SCUBA diving” as an extracurricular subject into the education system and training diving instructors and coaches through authorised institutions, a positive trend would be continued regarding the level of diving proficiency of everyone included in the education system in Croatia. We are of the opinion that these more demanding and comprehensive programmes and studies would yield students whose individual expertise is at its maximum. These programmes would also enable the setting of higher standards not only in education but also regarding the implementation of safety precautions in divers of all ages as well as contribute to maximising diving and training safety in diving clubs, centres, the military and police as well as in other diving enterprises.

185-191

Authors: Dragana Aleksić, Branimir Mekić

In this work, the subject of the research is only one segment of the anthropological area, which refers to the appearance of appropriate motor abilities-coordination. Static strength Static strength is ability to retain in nonmetrics contraction of muscle that body is preserved in certain position. Static work as physical work doesn’t exist in static strength, because development doesn’t exist, but quality of static work the muscle should start with physiology’s opinion of work. Static work is used for demonstration the power during that last.The battery for the evaluation of static strength consists of the following tests: MVIS, MIPR, MINS. During the 2005/06 academic year, a research was conducted so as to determine the effects of current program of physical education teaching on motor abilities coordination of female pupils. The research involved a total sample of 107 girls from the 3th and 4th grade of elementary school. The subjects were classified in one experimental and one control group. The experimental group was made of 59 students and they were practicing according to planning instruction where the artistic gymnastics had the primary part. The control group of 48 students was practicing according to official instructional plan and program for P.E. of the Republic of Serbia. At the beginning of the academic year, initial (first) measurement was performed, followed by experimental final (second) measurement at the end of experiment. Research data was processed using SPSS standard statistics procedure. The multi-variant procedures were used in this research ant those were: the multi-variant analysis of the variable (MANOVA) and the discriminative analysis. Also, the mono- variant procedures were used and those were: the variable analysis (ANOVA) and the interval of entrust. After the experimental treatment, i.e. at the final testing, significant differences were found with female pupils in the experimental and control groups concerning the all tests for the evaluation of static strength. The basic conclusion is that the female pupils of all,experimental groups achieved significantly higher teaching effects than the control group, in view of partly increased motor abilities, being the result of the effects of the experimental treatment, as well as other external and internal factors.

199-206

Authors: Gavrilović Dejan,Goran Kasum,Mališa Radović

The second half of XIX century in Serbian national history is the period of constant struggle for independance initiated by Serbian Revolution in 1804. As a result of both, the historical events and the wakening of national consciousness, awareness for educational development was an unavoidable and important issue.Considering physical culture, educators who made efforts to provide developing of physical culture were mostly themselves educated abroad. The great step forward in the physical culture was made after Congress in Berlin in 1878 when Serbia was declared independent principality. The number of Serbian intellectuals came back in their country. They brought knowledge about certain sports and physical activities that were practiced in Europe at that time. Important part in the development of physical culture of our nation belonged to the army as the most organized institution. It sent its officers in the armies of great European nations to achieve and transfer knowledge to our people indirectly via army. One of the first officers educated in French Fencing School (Joinville le Pont) back in 1902, Dragomir T. Nikolajevic brought in Serbia the first knowledge about both „English and French boxing – Savate“. Apart of training as a martial art teacher, he wrote the book „English and French Boxing“ published in Belgrade in 1914.

214-221

Authors: Nevenka Zrnzević,Jelica Stojanović

The aim of research was to establish eventual differences in some morphological characteristics between schoolgirls from the first, second and third grade of elementary school. Morphological characteristics were estimated according to three variables (body height, body weight and body mass index). Research on the morphological characteristics was conducted on a sample of 254 examinated schoolgirls (78 first grade schoolgirls, 79 second grade schoolgirls and 97 third grade schoolgirls) wich were attending regular classes and where the teaching process was observed and performed by the school teacher. This research utilised transversal model of research. The obtained results were statistically processed by means of descriptive statistics and graphically displayed. In further data processing the following procedures were applied: multivariant analysis of variance (with univariant analysis of the variance), discriminative analysis, testing the homogenous quality of groups and determination of the distance between groups. The results of the research showed that, viewing from the aspect of morphological characteristics, there are differences between schoolgirls from the first, second and third grade of elementary school and they are statistically significant.

230-234

Authors: Nina Đukanović,Aleksandra Ražnatović,Ivana Jovanović

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome that is characterized by the elevated glucose levels in the blood and the metabolic abnormalities concerning carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, which is all related to the absolute or relative deficit in insulin secretion and/or insulin action itself. Many studies have shown that the importance, role and the extent of physical activity is directly related to the general health status, quality of life, general and working ability, incidence of atherosclerosis and to the morbidity and mortality rate in the population. Among other things, physical activity is a very important factor in diabetes mellitus prevention, as well as in the therapy of patients already suffering from this disease.

240-244

Authors: Zoran Mašić, Vesna Ćilerdžić, Filip Radotić

Sports are classified in several ways, among them exist those sports where results can be specificly measured. This group of sports includes athletics, cycling skiing and swimming among others. The results in these sports are significantly effected by the coefficiency of drag, so that the logical efforts to improve the production technology of the requisit sports equipment and for personal sports equipment that they have an adequate coefficient of drag. The paper presents the possibilities for nanotechnology, its impact in the sport of swimming and points to the perspective that it offers to sports performance products, with an emphasis on the development of Speedo suits, including the last generation of suits, the LZR Racer.

250-254

Authors: Vasilije Stijepović, Dr Sašenko Ćeranić,Doc. dr Mroslav Kezunović

When we talk about poorly informed athletes on doping and that we can not not cite an example once the best tennis players John McEnroe who is full six years against their will using steroids who were not prohibited and called athletes to " eyes open " when their doctors and trainers prescribe any medicines . Already at the beginning of our campaign confirmed the words of the famous tennis players to our athletes do not know the name of the preparation , they do not know the true indications and have too much confidence in coach and doctors .If on the other coaches and doctors have so little knowledge , then it is rightly , Training the first thing to do , with the aim to enable athletes participation in sport without doping and thus promote health , fairness and equality for athletes worldwide .

263-269

Authors: Alen Kapidžić

Main goal of this research is to identify influence of morpholgy characteristics abilities on results of situational in soccer play. Research has been applied on 155 students – 1st and 2nd year of Faculty of sport and physical education in Tuzla, age 19-22. To identify the influence of applied tests we used regression analisys. . In this research we use 21 variables of morpholgy characteristics which present prediction system and group of 9 situation motoric tests in soccer play which presents system of criteria variables.

276-282

Authors: Vidran Kljajević,Nebojiša Čokorilo

The research was done on the sample of 170 students of the third grade in the secondary school. The tested schoolchildren were 17 years old +/- 6 months at the beginning of the research. They were divided into three groups: the first group – experimental group - E1: the second experimental group - E2 and the third was the control group - K. * E1, E2 had experimental programs from the field of basketball. * Group K had the “standard” program from the curriculum. * In this work I made a survey on the effects of reduction of subcutaneous fatty tissue achieved on the experimental programs of groups E1, E2 in comparison to the control program of group K. * Since, the word was about the samples of students 17 years old +/- 6 months, I applied the parametres of BMI for the adult.

290-299

Authors: Ognjen Jovović, Maja Đurović, Anja Jovović

Basic for realization of tourist movements lays in meeting cultural and recreational needs of potential customers. If we know that largest number of tourists represents part of recreational ones, than is not hard to realize how large potential lays in that number of potential guests. On this fact should be built strategy of movement of tourist offer of Montenegro for it extreme potentials on which can be founded concrete project. In this work are given basic assumptions for development of sport recreational shapes of tourism with stress to natural potentials that directly determine shape of sport recreational activities that represent basis of tourist offer. Offer should be created in that way that it is adapted to wide segment of recreational guests and not professional sportsmen, although they also should not be underestimated but one should know that in order to create conditions for arrival of sports professionals offer has to be completely different and more specialized that requires creating of conditions of existence of highly developed sports infrastructure, while for amateurs a lot can be done in “system of improvising”, satisfying basic criteria – recreation in conditions of untouched and well preserved nature with securing maximal level of security and protection of guests, in order to prevent possible unwilling consequences that can lead to injury of guests and for development and realization of such project one need a much less funds than is building of facilities that should meet standards of professional sportsmen. The aim is to create good offer at good infrastructure, logistics and with good equipment with securing maximal security, adaptation to various wishes of guests, taking in consideration their structure is conditioned by age, health condition, physical fitness as personal wishes toward sports and recreational activities.

306-312

Authors: Ratko Pavlović

The anthropological space of a human being is multidimensional and as such susceptible to certain transformational processes, especially if these processes serve to accomplish a clearly defined goal. One of the features of anthropological space, rather susceptible to changes, is a morphological space and, in particular, some segments of it. The research is carried out on the sample of ninety freshmen. The effects of practical teaching on students’ morphological dimensions were studied during one semester. It was necessary to use ten different variables for this research, out of which six variables were used to define voluminousness and body mass, and five variables for defining subcutaneous fat tissue. In order to obtain relevant information we applied univariant and multivariante analysis of the variance (ANOVA/MANOVA), which confirmed positive effects of the teaching and statistically relevant transformation of a change in relation to the initial condition of a respondent.

320

Authors: Ida Kabok

Diversity needs differentiation to value students equally and contributes to the integration of students with special educational need in the School of All. Inclusion brings new challenges for the educators too. Personal development plans have to be prepared according to special abilities and needs. These projects must be in harmony with other teaching plans and adapt the concept of the central syllabus. Differentiation is meant to specify aims, tools and assumes proper evaluation of the requirements. Instead of grades, evaluation in text seems to be more fair and precise in defining the quality of performance of those with special educational need. The distinct nature of the PE subjects presents a good opportunity to a continuous assessment so a quicker progress can be achieved. However the danger of accidence should be considered because of the increasing risk when special educational need children are involved in sport activities. So thus differentiation may put into practice if all the facilities are presented.

322-329

Authors: Zoran Milošević, Nebojša Maksimović,Nada Milošević, Borislav Obradović

Theories of learning which are classified in two broad schools as theories of connections and cognitive theories, differ among themselves according to specific interaction relationships between external stimulus (S), reaction and behavior and organism (R), i.e. particular learner (O). In relation to pedagogical practices, predominance of a certain school is not rare, often without any objective insight into their potentials related to age, sex, learning contents and other determinants. Supporters of the theories of connections treat behavior as a result of relations or associations, whereas learning occurs when these relations are strengthened by repetition or when new relations are formed. These theories are usually classified as theories of stimulus-reaction (S-R), whereas associating in this sense is used to stress the concept most theories usually agree upon: that learning consists of relations and link between stimuli (S-S), between stimuli and reactions (S-R), or between reaction and impulse (R-P). Well-known approaches within the theories of relations include classical Pavlov reflex, Guthry’s close conditioning, associating of Thorndyke, and Skinner’s efficient conditioning. Practical implications of these theories in acquiring motor skills are related to an active learner’s approach, significance of repetition – exercising, supporting, and rewarding correct answers, as well as strengthening a new behavior by imitation of a sample – modeling.