Sport Mont

17-20

Authors: Pavel Opavsky

Eksplozivna sila ili brzina savladavanja velikog otpora je kod sportista najaktuelnija biomotorička dimenzija i osnovni cilj kod većine sportskih disciplina je da se ta biomotorička dimenzija povećava do relativnog maksimuma. Zbog njenog značaja u vrhunskom sportu, neophodno je operisati sa njenim realnim numeričkim vrednostima, inače se dobijaju nerealne vrednosti, koji onemogućavaju prognostiku u velikom broju sportskih disciplina. Ovo istraživanje je ukazalo da se korišćenjem primitivnih testova skočnosti dobijaju visoko nerealni rezultati, i da je neophodno postojeće testove skočnosti modifikovati, ili utvrditi realne testove za ovu najznačajniju biomotoričku dimenziju.

27-35

Authors: Prof. dr Nenad Živanović

Sport kao čovekova specifična delatnost, kojom je u prilici da svoju ličnost zadovolji, ali i proveri, različitim formama i nivoima fizičkih aktivnosti agonističkog karaktera, sastavni je deo njegovog kulturnog miljea. A unutar te kulture, koja je obeležena, ali i izgrađena, njegovim usponima i padovima, za koju Finci kažu da je – specifičan odnos čoveka prema čoveku i čoveka prema prirodi koja ga okružuje, sport zauzima značajno mesto. Tokom vremena i vekova koji su za nama, sport je menjao svoje pojavne oblike i samim tim svoje pojmovno i terminološko određenje. Ali bez obzira na ovu činjenicu jedna premisa je uvek bila prisutna. Ova, za nas značajna premisa: ''Uvek da najbolji budeš i odličan između drugih'' (1) nije samo poruka brižnog oca svome sinu, već i osnovna karakteristika sporta, bez obzira na vreme i prostor u kome se posmatra.

42-48

Authors: ass. mr Ljiljana M. Popović, prof. dr Dijana Mirić

Strenuous exercises greatly increase oxygen consumption in the whole body, especially in skeletal muscles. Large part of oxygen consumption is reduced to H2O and ATP, but smaller part (2-5%) results in an increased leakage of electrons from the mitochondrial respiratory chain, forming various reactive oxygen species ─ ROS (O2˙¯, H2O2 i OH˙). These free radicals are capable of triggering a chain of damaging biochemical and physiological reactions (oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation),as a base for skeletal muscles damage after exercise. MDA (malondialdehide) is a marker of exercise induced lipid peroxidation process. L–ascorbic acid is a major aqueous-phase antioxidant. To estimate antioxidant role of ascorbic acid we use rate between dehidroascorbate and ascorbate. In this paper those markers were determinated in 30 students, in rest and after treadmill running protocol (Bruce Treadmill Protocol). It was found that after the treadmill test , plasma MDA level had increased from 3,04 to 4,39 μM/L. Plasma ascorbic acid was also found to be higher after the treadmill test comparing to rest level (from 55,4 to 67,6 μM/L). DHA/A level in rest was 1,62 and after treadmill test it increased to 2,05. These results suggests that strenuous exercise increased process of lipid peroxidation, but in the same time increased ascorbic acid level in plasma and DHA/A rate indicates stronger antioxidant defense system.

71-73

Authors: Prof. dr Predrag Nemec

This study treats the birth and history of testing in general and the application of EKS test in particular, as an expert evaluation of specific motoric abilities with children. It is based on professional experience and is scientifically proved later. This test has several advantages on previous tests. It is less expensive and more efficient as well as easier in its application.

80-88

Authors: Doc. Dr Grujo Bjeković, Arnaut Đorđe

Subject of this research is establishment of a spine deformity existence in students of the secondary school „Ivan-Goran Kovačić“ based in Herceg Novi, and the school role in their removal. The aim of the research is to provide actual knowledge and results about grow, growth and body posture conditions of students at the secondary school „Ivan-Goran Kovačić“in Herceg Novi. The sample is represented by 115 students, assigned in four classes. The selected sample is made of four classes, out of which is one from each grade, i.e. first, second, third and fourth grade. Those classes represent the student population in the whole school. Variables in this research, at the selected sample of students, are follows: spine deformities, lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis. Analysis of the results obtained after the research has been completed shows that the functional stage of scoliotic deformity is presented at the majority students from the sample. The number of students with kyphosis and lordosis deformity of spine is considerably lower. Research results show that scoliotic, kyphotic and lordotic body postures are in the range of functional changes. Scoliosis deformities of spine were, as per the results, more presented in the female students than in the male students.

95-100

Authors: Mr.Fuad Ražanica

In order to establish the relations and the amount of influence of some motoric abilities as well as some conative regulatory mechanisms on the success in performance situational – motoric tests in sports games a group of 127 students, aged 15-17, of ''Mješovita srednja škola'' Ilijaš has been tested and the results obtained in sports games has been analyzed. Eight tests (complied with EUROFIT) which are to observe five latent, hypothetically defined motoric dimensions were applied in the field of motoric abilities. As the measuring instruments the most used scales for evaluation of conative characteristics were: Anxiety, Inhibitory conversion, Aggressivity and Schizoifrenic disorders Twelve tests of situational motoric in four sports games: basketball, volleyball, football and handball were applied in the field of situational-motoric abilities. The results of regressive analysis lead to conclusion that the success in sports games is directly determined by the abilities which are under the influence of energetic mechanisms and abilities based on efficiency of movement regulation. In the field of conative regulatory mechanisms none of Beta coefficients is obtained in certain significancy.

108-113

Authors: Ivan Janković, Marko Aleksandrović

The main objective of this research is to establish quantitative changes of speed and functional abilities of cadet water polo players in preparation and competition period. The sample of examinees consisted of 50 water polo players aged 14-15, with water polo experience of at least two years, attendants of five clubs of Central and South East Serbia. The sample of 14 variables is used for speed and functional abilities (7 variables each) during three mounts training treatment. Results processed by canonical discrimative analysis present quantitative differences in speed and functional abilities space based on applicated manifestations.

126-130

Authors: Safet Kapo, Husnija Kajmović

The main goal of research was to compare technical – tactical elements between winners of International karate competitions "Sarajevo Open" – 2004. and others competitors, who didn't won. Research has been taken using video analyses of 19 fights between female, during the karate competitions. We wanted to make this research, as much as it was possible, complete in technical – tactical way so we decided that our final number of analyzed variables should be 31, during 19 fights. Results we had got showed us that winners had bigger frerkvency of using technical – tactical elements in all segments comparing with girls who lost, expect in one (practical realization of leg technique). Statistical results shoved us that in karate training with girls were used only one part of technical possibilities, which karate possibilities make less used and less interesting.

136-143

Authors: Doc. dr Rade Stefanović

Two and a half thousand years’ ago these words were engraved in a huge stone in Ancient Greece: „If you want to be strong-run, if you want to be beautiful- run, if you want to be clever- run“! „The alphabet of every sports school or healthy way of life is running in natural enviranment“. Walking tours and running are the most natural ways of physical activity ne-cessery to everybody. Running provides the necessery amount of oxygen, improves lungs and heart function, activates blood circulation and methabolism. Cross, included in athletic programme teaching conducted in physical culture schooling contains components of educational and training directions. Improvements achieved by educational aspect can be seen through teaching students proper running technics at diferent natural. In course of study of researching athletics, cross running was introduced for the first time in 1982/83, at distances of 5km for men, and 3km for women at Faculty of physical culture in Belgrade and Leposavić. Experiment anticipates the use of three training programms, working methods are extended to 24 training stimulances at Faculty of physical culture at Leposavić. Disrtibution of the results shows high compatibility of the whole pattern. Largest amount of results is grouped into three middle intervals, while there were hardly excellent results: faster than (22min 53sek) or bad results slower then (32 min 2sek).

148-154

Authors: Milivoj Dopsaj, Goran Vučković

As a part of their professional responsibilities, police officers have authorization, in situation determined by law, to apply physical force or means of force. Due to given professional reasons, selection among the candidates as well as routine physical capability assessments, should have professional-methodological basis and scientific foundation. Muscle groups of particular reference in relationship to estimate general contraction characteristic in regard to force, and at the same time very easy to test are flexor muscles of fingers of the hand (test “hand squeeze”). The aim of this research is to define criterion characteristic for the population to function for selection and estimation of the hand squeeze force among policemen. This research had 723 participants, students of the Police Academy, as representatives of policemen between 19 and 24 years of age. In order to estimate force of hand grip (both right and left hand), we utilized tensiometric method, and standard procedure previously described (1). For the statistical analysis we used basic descriptive analysis, cluster analysis (defining 7 characteristic classes (clusters) as a function of population tested –unacceptable, poor, below average, averaged, above average, excellent and superior), and factor analysis (definition of the selection test as a function of selection procedure) (10). Our results indicate that averaged hand grip force among the tested population is 61.70±8.97 DaN (Min – Max=43.43-101.41) for left hand, and 65.11±9.34 DaN (Min – Max= 46.54-109.75) for right hand. The values for the force of defined cluster centers of left hand are: Cluster1-7=50.22, 55.76, 61.61, 67.84, 74.71, 84.02 and 97.15 DaN, and right hand are: Cluster1-7=53.40, 60.27, 66.10, 72.20, 79.70, 92.55 and 105.65 DaN. Factor analysis results have shown that one factor has been isolated that accounted for 91.10 worthy variance. Regarding the individual variability, for the saturation of the isolated factor the right hand participated with 95.8% force, while left hand participated with 95.0% force. We have therefore demonstrated, among tested population, measurement of right hand force is more representative estimation of the given variable. Based on the distribution of results for right hand force, as function of isolated cluster criterion, distribution of the tested population in respect to Cluster1-7 is following: 18.53%, 27.94%, 24.62%, 17.98%, 8.02%, 2.63%, 0.28%, respectively. The value of the bordering minimum for right hand force of Cluster 2 is 56.87 DaN, which represents 18.5‰ (percentile) of tested population. In regard to tested policemen population between 19 and 24 years of age, results of right hand grip force is test of choice for estimation of maximal hand flexor force. The value of inflexion point (point of separation in regard to selection criterion – acceptable/unacceptable) is on the level of 56.87 DaN, for the right hand grip force and its placed among 18.5‰ (percentile) of tested population.

160-165

Authors: Prof. dr Midhat Mekić, Dr Rašid Hadžić

We had analyzed movements abilities influence on situation movement abilities applied on evaluation of strenght of hitting ball using foot and had football game, played by 13 years old boys. In aim of that we had choose 24 movement facts and 3 situations tests of football game. In those examples we had got rezults which are proof that these about influence of movement element s on rezults in analiyzed test.

173-180

Authors: Mr Dragan Krivokapić

On the sample of 32 fourth grade students of some Belgrade highs schools, who had the physical education classes carried out at the city’s swimming pools, an attempt was made to evaluate the effects of the two different programmes of swimming training in different intensity zones, defined relative to the anaerobic threshold. The subjects were divided into two sub-samples of 15 and 17 participants respectively. Before the research began there was no statistically significant difference between them, regarding the observed functional variables. The first training model consisted of swimming at the intensity level within the zone below anaerobic threshold, while the second model involved occasional swimming at a higher intensity sometimes surpassing the anaerobic threshold. The experimental programme with both sub-groups lasted 8 weeks with 3 training sessions per week, 2 of which were identical for both experimental groups, with the third one differing regarding the swimming intensity, this in the first group being still in the zone below, and in the second group occasionally in the zone above the anaerobic threshold. The amount of training and the duration were the same in both programmes. The aim of the research was to evaluate and to compare the effects of the two training models, using as the basic criteria possible changes of the 5 observed functional parameters: morning pulse, absolute and relative oxygen consumption, the heart frequency and the split time in 50 m swimming in the moment of reaching the anaerobic threshold. On the basis of the statistical analysis of the obtained data, it is possible to conclude that in both experimental groups there were statistically significant changes of average values concerning all the physiological variables. Although the difference in the efficiency of the applied experimental programmes is not determined, it can be said that both experimental treatments significantly influenced the improvement of the functional capabilities of the subjects.

188-192

Authors: Dr Nataša Branković, Dr Slobodan Stojiljković

This research was aimed at cheking the metric characteristics of some specific functional tests often used in practice for the evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic capacities and muscular capabilities. Keeping track of the changes and behavior of the functional abilities was performed on the basis of several repeated measurements of the same test on a sample consisting of 110 examinees, Students of the nursing school “Dr Milenko Hadzic” iz Nis, 17 years of age (± 6 months), regularly attending the classes of physical education.Two measuring instruments were tested: MARGARIA TEST and HARVARD STEP TEST.The reliability of said tests was evaluated on the basis of five successive measurements using Spearman-Brown method, based on determining of the value of the coefficients of determination of all measurements and of the main component h1.The outcome revealed high reliability of the results of most of the measurements and of the first main component H1, so that the acquired results were 91.2% for the MARGARIA TEST (anaerobic capacity) and 93.4% for5 the HARVARD STEP TEST (aerobic capacity).

198-202

Authors: Doc. dr Duško Bjelica

Methods of learning the sports problems mean the appropriate technique of management with process, which makes possible getting the optimal technique of sports development and theoretical understanding of sports technique, successively adding adding new, on already acquired knowledge and skill.

209-215

Authors: Prof. dr Midhat Mekić, Prof. dr Rasim Dacić

Aim of this research was to define latent structural sistem of pathological cognitive characteristics of boys from high school JU M.S.S., Gračanica. Using tests 18 PF, in the aim of research we made measuring of pathological cognitive characteristics on group of 127 pupils who were 18 and 19 years old. Analyzing cognitive characteristics we had got three types of factors. Characteristics of of person we had characterized with konverzivnim, steničnim i asteničnim syndromes and all important coeficients were with postive sign. Result we had got could be used by experts for high school plan and program making.

223-228

Authors: Mr. sci Edin Mirvić

For the purpose of establishing the conative characteristics to result in some sport games (basketball, volleyball and fieldball), at physical education lesson I’m planning to analyse the results of regression analysis in latent got upon selective sample of 120 examiners at the age of 16- 18 years. In this sample have been collected the facts for estimation of conative and situatinomotoric space. In the space of conative characteristics have been taken 4 variables for estimation of pathological characteristics. As instrument measures for estimation of conative characteristics have been chosen scales: Anxiety, Inhibit conversion, Aggression and Schism. In the space of variables for estimation of results in some sport games (basketball, volleyball and fieldball), have been applied 9 situation-motoric tests, to three test for each sport game. According to this examiners can achieve better results if they are a little bit aggressive, if they have a low level of schism, anxiety and inhibit reactions, as shown the results of regressive analysis in latent space.

243-247

Authors: Dr Patrik Drid

Tests for evaluation of specific motor abilities of judokas, which were also tested for their metric characteristics, were constructed by Kopas (2005). The research was performed on the sample of 89 male students of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade of the secondary Military school in Sremska Kamenica at the age of 16-19. The students were members of judo selection of the sports club "Mladi policajac" from Sremska Kamenica. They trained judo for the minimum period of three years, and all were holders of at least green belt (3 kju) in judo. Owing to the fact that the field of specific motor abilities was evaluated with a higher number of new and especially constructed tests on the sample of subjects actively involved in judo sport for longer than 3 years, and that these tests showed excellent metric characteristics, we have decided to check the same tests on another sample, i.e. on the students of Secondary Military School in Sremska Kamenica which were not actively involved in judo sport, i.e. which were only taught a part of judo elements within the classes of specific physical education. Research was performed on 225 subjects, during which reliability of the subject tests was checked using the calculation of Cronbach ( reliability coefficient.

261-271

Authors: Mr Goran Šekeljić, Dr Milovan Stamatović

The idea of the work is clearly defined, precise and objective instrument for evaluation of the adopted abilities from the elements of basketball technique. The intention is to cut into small fragments the chosen elements of technique which are going to be evaluated with numerical value of every piece itself. The model established in that way is possible to compare with motorical forms acquired by those who are been inquired. Every fragment of motorical form has precise numerical value on which basis is possible to quantify by simple numerical total the obtained level of sports- technical education. We consider possible to diminish the influence of subjectivity such as to form schoolmarks more objectivly by precise and high-quality system of evaluation on the basis of clearly cut into small pieces structures of elements of the complete technique. In that case we could talk about real expert evaluation. The results of the research have shown that the method of evaluation conceived in this way has given excellent metrics characteristics and that, statistically verified, has been more objective than the two other methods predicted in the experiment.

276-284

Authors: Prof. dr Ćirković Zoran, Doc. dr Kasum Goran

In the system af preparation high-rank fighters, connected links which take central place are training, competition, recuperation. Trainer’s mastery skill is almost reflected at dexterity at connecting these links into the unique sistem af preparing fighters. Harmonious functioning and connecting training process and competition with recuperation processes is very important supposition of good quality fighters’ preparation in all training phases. However, it has a special expression at the intensive training and competition phases. In this essey, special attention is commited to some specific effects upon recuperation process of sportsmen in combat sports.

293-299

Authors: Doc. dr Kemal Idrizović

Complexity of requirements posed by the physical education instruction, especially with regard to programme of exercises on gymnastic apparatuses, can be noticed very well in motoric structures such as vaults. Vaults applied in this research essentially mean fundamental motoric systems of such type and precisely because of this they are the subject of this work which, additionally to vaults, deals with ten motoric tests representing manifestations of explosive strength, repetitive strength, static strength, coordination and flexibility. The aim of this research is to determine the predictive value systemically, as well as separately for each motoric test in relation to two criterion variables separately.

307-314

Authors: dr Dragan Martinović, Dragan Branković

The invention and process of technical perfection of bicycle as a transportation means, as well as the increasing popularity of cycling as a sports discipline have largely affected the increased popularity of a bicycle as means for recreation and means for realisation of tracking tours. A special place is reserved for and special value is placed on mountain bicycles that enable us to experience a genuine contact with the pristine nature and the cultural and historical heritage, through easy and comfortable physical effort.

321-326

Authors: Doc. dr Slavko Obadov

Conditional preparation is a constituent part of overall sports preparation. Conditional training might be defined as a process of improvement of a sportsman’s functional and motor abilities, morphological characteristics, health, as well as the required motor knowledge. Conditional preparation can be might be classified as: general, basic and situational conditional preparation. Programs of the conditional training might be classified as: developing, resuming, recovering, preventive and recovering ones. High level of the general physical preparation enables maximum demonstration of the physical abilities of a sportsman during the stage of improvement of the specific motor abilities. Good general preparation of a sportsman enables him to push beyond his functional limits in order to cope with heavy loads easier, which subsequently enables him to achieve top performance level. Basic conditional preparation assumes the development of the most important judo abilities. Specific conditional preparation is related directly to the execution of different structural elements under the conditional requirements. Situational conditional preparation enables integration of the tactical and conditional training.

334-344

Authors: Arif Bronja-prof, Admira Koničanin-prof

45 examiners (samples) whish are active in sport and in already mentioued sport 's disciplines (football, basketball, volleyball) devided into three groups are included into this research. The aim: the reserarch is antropologic ande it is firstly pointed to the exemination of the difference between the anthropological characteristis of the football, basketball and volleyball players from bar's sports clubs. The hypotheses that the statistic importaut differences among football, basketball and volleyball players exist are determined by the research.

349-353

Authors: Prof. dr Slobodan Stojiljković, Doc. dr Nataša Branković

A "pilot" research aimed at determining the effects of “station-based” workouts on the development of explosive and repetitive strength was carried out on a small but representative sample consisting of 64 examinees, pupils of the elementary schools “Sveti Sava” and “Ratko Vukicevic” in Nis, 11 years of age (± 6 months). The sample was divided into two sub-samples: excperimental and control groups with the same number of examinees (32 pupils). The experimental program consisted of a set of exercises for explosive and repetitive strength development performed in the second part of the class (after a pre-practice warmup drill) and lasting 10-12 minutes. A system of six stations was prepared: three for explosive strength development and three for repetitive strength development. The control group continued to follow the regular program of physical education. Two measurements of motor abilities were carried out: at the beginning of the experiment and after 25 classes. A battery of six tests was applied. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed statistically significant development of explosive and repetitive strength in the pupils from the experimental group. The control group showed certain development of repetitive strength.

354-359

Authors: Zoran Jonić, Marko Aleksandrović

The goal of this research is to establish differences in some indicators of functional abilities of 5th and 6th grade students – active team sportsmen and nonsportsmen. The sample of examinees consisted of 189 fifth and sixth grade students from elementary schools of Niš. The first subsample, the group of sportsmen, consisted of 93 students, active team sportsmenyears-long (water polo, basketball, volleyball, football and team handball). Another subsample, the group of nonsportsmen, consisted of 96 students never active in sport. The assessment of functional abilities was carried out through seven variables: pulse in a state of rest, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, imposed vital capacity, imposed expiratory volume, absolute value of maximum oxygen consumption and relative value of maximum oxygen consumption. By means of canonical discriminative analysis it is established that there are global differences between two subsamples in favor of team sportsmen.

367-374

Authors: Admira Koničanin-prof., Arif Bronja

The research was donl at the sample of 43 students of male sex at the average age of 22 years. The aim: the change of heart pulse frequeny was determined by the research. The hyupothesis that the increas went of the height above sea level has the influence to the students' cardio-vascular syustem werw determined by the research.

381-386

Authors: Dr Mališa Radović

Self-defense skills are old as humankind. From time immemorial and even today in civilized world, people have been trying to find and develop the skills to protect themselves from the attacker. Self-defense is a sort of fight, whose cause is to disable an armed, unarmed, one or more opponents with the use of gained knowledge, habits or skills. During the training process, i.e. exercise process, it is necessary to train well every single move before practical use of a skill. Self-defense demand persistent and longtime exercises, fast, precise and timely performance of the appropriate techniques. Otherwise, the performance of even the best technique will not be successful. A person who practices self-defense techniques should establish ethics in fight, so that the opponent, except if unavoidable, is never being hurt.

395-399

Authors: Ivan Janković, Zoran Jonić

The main objective of this research is to establish differences in basic mobility of football players and nonsportsmen at preadolescent age. The sample of examinees consisted of 75 students at age of 12 years ± 6 months. The group of football players consisted of 35 boys, attendants of several football schools from Niš, with football experience of at least year and a half. The group of nonsportsmen consisted of 40 students never active in sport. The assessment of basic mobility was carried out through eleven variables. By means of canonical discriminative analysis it is established that there are global differences between two subsamples in favor of football players, which can be variated by the positive transfer of trainings and oriented selection.

406-412

Authors: Doc. dr Budimir Bijelić

A real need for up-to-date and uniform evaluation of fitness abilities of different social and age categories of our town inhabitants has existed for many years in different circles of population and population in the whole. The research results presented in this paper mean just an attempt to »open the problem« and explain only some of data obtained with quite uniform groups who took part in the sports-recreation projects. According to the results obtained we can assume that our local male population, age 40 and over, have a tendency of "worryingly" high drop of aerobic, working and overall fitness abilities.

422-427

Authors: Mr Radulović Branislav, Mr Goranović Kosta

The structure and dynamics of the training process appear as one of the major components concerning all issues of how to achieve high results in swimming. One of the most important conditions of efficient implementation of sports training transformation process is its proper planning and programming. A great number of training operators that show the movement trend of training pressures can be sorted out and defined from an annual plan of a swimmer's training process. By determining the differences in the training process operators qualities among swimmers of Montenegro and Vojvodina, herewith the authors have tried to answer some questions concerning the submodel of dosing the global pressure volume and emphasizing its components (intensity, extent and frequency) in certain phases of ontogenetic development of a swimmer. A hypothetic model of training operators in the annual cycle of a swimmer is given here and it is assumed that it considerably effects smooth movement in water: extent and intensity of swimming, number of trainings, number of competitions, training time spent in water and training time spent on surface. Based on analysis of basic descriptive statistics of the training operators variables among swimmers of Montenegro, differences are evident in comparison to the so far made searches and experience. A significant statistic difference was noticed in a certain number of variables for different age groups in comparison with the swimmers from Vojvodina. Low qualities of certain training operators are especially evident for the teen-ager group and seniors in men, as well as pioneers and cadets in women competition.

433-439

Authors: Mr Dragan Krivokapić

On the sample of 68 preschool boys and girls aged five to six years two models of swimming teaching realised with purpose to research their efficacity. lt was finded before that they were nonswimers. Testers deviated in two similar groups by basic motor and cognitive abilities. First model of swim teaching, signed as time deviated learning, was realised at the cloused swimming pool with 36 testers which exercised twice of week during three months. Second model of swim teaching, signed as time concentrated learning, was realised as a two-week course with 32 testers which exercised at the sea side. Two control assessment of swimming level knowledge were made during experimental process, and a final assesment was made at the and of the experiment Scaling tehnicque was used for assesing. An analysis of the obtained data resulted in the following conclusions: the both models of swim teaching were efficacity and majority of children accepted swim knovvledge. Results of time concentrated model learning were statistical significance beter then time deviated learning only in the control assesments, but the svviming level knowledge was not different in the final assment. That conclusion shows that model of time concentrated learning has more efficacity in the begining, and model of time deviated learning in the later period of teaching.

446-452

Authors: Prof. dr Đorđe Nićin

Nowdays technologies are characterised by the expert specialists. In training technologies there are also coaches-experts for some sports. Aport from governing training technology, thus he performs manager’s work (planning, programing, accomplishing, controlling, correcting) the coach also performs the work of an explorer, because the work of the coach is creative, creating, exploring and it is necessary to include innovation into training process, and innovations are nothing but rehearse of someting new, what is but scientific approach to the training. More the coach succeeds in controlling more factors which influence the sport achievement, he will be more successful. To be able to do all that, the coach must observe, follow, control and correct sportist’s reactions on exercises and loads all the time. The coach demonstrates his activity even through marketing, educational psychological, administrative-technical, nutritional and entire useful social role, so his work is interdisciplinary very complex, important, public, and thus it is a subject to critics. In order to be successful, a modern coach must be an exellent expert-specialist, but also an explorer and manager, and before all a creator of training technology.

460-464

Authors: Dr Grujo Bjeković

In the modern life, especially in the urban areas, people have less conditions for physical activities and motion in general. Postural deformities, which may also transform in permanent deformities, occur most commonly in children. As a result of reduced motion, different somatic and psychical conditions may also be seen in the adults. Researches show that work with children in the nursery schools and schools, especially when the physical activities are involved, has a great impact on the overall children’s growth. First understanding of motion and exercise children gains from their teachers in the nursery schools. Teachers are persons who instantly could, and should observe eventual deviation from the normal, whether it is an irregular body posture or any other defect. Play and playing is a strong resource for directing the regular growth, so the teachers in the cooperation with the medical workers may successfully solve a big part of a problem while the children are still small.

472-477

Authors: Slađana Mijatović

Upon gaining its autonomy in 1830, the Principality of Serbia also creates the conditions for faster development of education, since the Sultan’s edict granted it the right to open schools. The first Law on schools was passed at the suggestion of the Head of the Ministry of Education Jovan Sterija Popovic in 1844 (Ustrojenije javnog učilištnog nastavlenija), and predicted a complete organization of all schools: elementary, commercial, high and lycees. The Law also prescribed three years of elementary education in villages and four years in towns. For the first time education of female children is predicted. “Law on structure of elementary schools” was passed in September 1863 and it predicted the introduction of the fourth grade in village schools. Thirty-eight years (1830-1868) passed from obtaining autonomy, i.e. the right in Serbia to open its schools, to the official introduction of the physical activity instruction in elementary schools. It was a period in which it was attempted to organize structure and work of elementary schools. However physical education used to appear in pedagogic literature, drafts of laws on schools and proposals of officials and schools commissions of the Ministry of Education of the Principality of Serbia: 1. Milovan Spasic had hold an office of the main school principal since 1845 and he wrote three books, as the main reference books for elementary school teachers. One of them is “Pedagogično metodično nastavlenije ya učitelje osnovnih škola” (1855) where he wrote about physical education of children. Although physical education was not present in the Curriculum, he treated it as the most important task of both teachers and parents. 2. In the “Projekt zakona o školama za Knjažestvo Srbije” (1859) where you can find the subjects to be taught in elementary schools, it was stated that “as on of the subjects for boys ‘physical practice’ and ‘gymnastics’ for girls should be taught.” 3. Doctor Djodje Natošević, came from Novi Sad to be an official in the Ministry of Education of the Principality of Serbia in 1867, and stayed until the August of 1868. Upon inspection of schools he concluded that “there is no physical education in elementary schools! Elementary school is doing nothing for its development.” Therefore, in the “Survey of scientific subjects to be developed and taught” he suggested gymnastics as one of the school subjects in all four classes, every day from 11 to 11.30 a.m and from 4 to 4.30 p.m. 4. School commission of the Ministry of Education, whose president was Milovan Spasić, proposed gymnastics “to be recommended to teachers in towns and in villages where it is possible, for children between classes, and that instead of jumping and running they should be taught to some regular gymnastic movements.” All proposals and intentions contributed so that the Minister of Education Dimitrije Matic by his decree of December 1868, introduced gymnastics in elementary schools of the Principality of Serbia.

482-487

Authors: Mr Šemsudin Plojović

Information technology (IT) is conception which integrates modern techniques integrated with modern computer systems and communications. The basic conception of IT makes: knowledge, intelligent system, communication and softer. Conception of IT is wader then conception of equipment (hardware). Information technology was made joining together three basic technologies: microelectronics, communications and PC equipment. Integration of those technologies starts somewhere around fifties – together with commercial computers and after that brings development of several new technologies but most important are: • sensor technologies (industrial sensor, keyboards, mousses, digital cameras), • biotechnology and genetic engineering technology, • robotic (industrial robots) • artificial intelligence (for us very important part of experts systems) • images technologies (modern monitors and printers, LCD displays, high resolution TV monitors) In this paper we compare sports club which is using information technologies and club which is organized in more traditional way. Compeering those two clubs we’re getting data which are showing to us that appliance of information technology is absolutely necessary if our aim are better sports results and investing in information technology is absolutely justified.

495-501

Authors: Mr Nevenka Zrnzević

This investigation of programme contents adoption was conducted on the sample of 153 tested students (74 male and 79 female students) of the second grade of primary schools in Trstenik. The four variables were applied (shooting the ball at horizontal target from the distance of 10 m; waging the ball on the spot by left and right hand; low beam: walking with appealing, squating, uprighting, three connected spining ahead) by which the efficiency of programme contents realization has been evaluated. The results were statistically evaluated and tabulated. The results of analysis have showed that male and female students are not statistically distinguished (p = 0,181) in applied variables for evaluation of motoric information adoption. According to the results male students are more homogenic than female students.

510-515

Authors: Erduan Kafedžić, Dr Besalet Kazazović

Pozitivni efekti reguliranog tjelesnog vježbanja su veoma prepoznatljivi.Generalno posmatrano utiče na poboljšanje opšteg stanja organizma ,reguliše mnoge stresne situcije,smanjuju rizik srčanih oboljenja,dijabetesa,visokog krvnog pritiska (hipertenzije),pomažu u kontroli tjelesne težine, potpomaže razvoju i održavanju zdravlja kostiju, mišića i zglobova...Optimalna recept vježba za poboljšanje fizisa sadržana je u balansu između frekvencije(učestalosti),intenziteta i trajanja vježbanja.Bilo kakvo vježbanje uvijek neće dati i pozitivne rezultate.Za zdravo vježbanj(bilo u sportu,sportskoj rekreaciji,edukaciji i sl.) najnovije preporuke su kontrola srčane frekvencije preko koje imamo potpunu kontrolu u dostizanju efektive vježbanja koje se realizuje tokom dana u kraćem ili dužem vremenskom periodu.

523-530

Authors: Dr Milan Nešić

Karate, like any other area of human activity, is characterized by processes of direct human involvement. Karate rests on three pillars that determine its sociological aspect: people- as doers of the activity, elements of the activity, conditions and rules of karate as a sport. Motivation is a very complex process that, more often than not, is of changeable nature, and therefore needs to be observed in the light of all those value criteria that are dominant in our society. Karate, as an integral part of the social system, undoubtedly complies with all existing value criteria. Taking into consideration the…… complexity, and the speed of social changes in our country, we think it is of vital importance to commence, within this particular sport, determining those factors that are important for qualitative following of all the processes resulting from the period of transition. Studying motivation as one of the most significant factors of human activity implies and includes a number of aspects that have an impact on this activity to a greater or lesser degree. Since a sports activity mainly involves a very delicate resource-a young sports person, motivation for performing an activity within the filed of sport can be crucial for its final outcome.

538-544

Authors: dr Nebojša Maksimović, dr Zoran Milošević

Determining acceptable strategic goals requires analysis of the position of a sports organization within the sport world and wider business environment. A range of trends may affect development prospects and business activities of an organization. There are possibilities of population fluctuation (e.g. purchase power of winter sports practitioners), trends of economy, technological development, and legislation (e.g. prohibition of tobacco and alcohol advertisements), or activities of special interest groups (e.g. development of violence in sport). After clarifying its mission and goals, management of a sports organization reveals that some factors are important, while series of others are not.

551-555

Authors: Igor Vučković

In this study were analysed the differences between better placed and worse placed teams of the First basketaball league of Serbia and Montenegro in The type of group organization. The aim was to see in which type of group organization (extrovert or introvert) mentioned teams belong, and then to relate it with the final position of their team on the standing. After discriminant analysis it was concluded that there are significant differences between better placed and worse placed teams in The type of group organization with the benefit of the better placed teams.

569-574

Authors: Dr Ivica Nikolić

Testing the viewpoints of exaninees, users of tourist offer, about use of program of sport recreation in tourism, we came to categorical conclusions of imperativ of implementation of different spectrum of tourist attraction program of recreation in corpus of offer, in view of change of motives of modern tourist movements. In other words,most of the examinees said that they are not satisfied with presence of sport – recreative programs in torist offer.And thet their primary motivesare using, above all, sport – recreative components with use of physio- prophylaxes, and not accommodation in high-quality tourist facilities. Results show affection of examinees towards engaging of recreative attractions connected to activities in and on water, sport games and climbing in nature, first of all in summer and spring time with emphasis on evening hours as period of realization. As economical parametar of legitimacy of program of sport recreation in tourism appliance, distribution of frequencies on graph (chart) 4 show that the biggest number of examinees is ready to pay additional 40 E for programs of recreation in tourist offer, with special emphasis on using program of physio-prophylaxes procedures. After looking down at the results we can conclude that directions of development of tourist offer are oriented towards implementation of different sport-recreative attractions in corpus of offer of accommodation, and that it is necessary to continue investigations and to define marketing strategy for appliance of these attractions in tourism.

583-589

Authors: Dr Vukosav Joksimovic, Dr Marija Joksimovic

Today, in the modern world, most of the people are involved in sport’s activities which more often cause injuries of muscles. On account of “generousness” of the muscle tissue and according to the knowledge of complete regeneration of the muscle tissue without any complications, process of curing demands the knowledge and great pratical experience. The aim of this work is to show the most common localisations and sorts of injuries and also the methods of curing and rehabilitation of football players inferiority of fast returning to the sport fields and achieving high results. Materials and methods: this work included 1537 football players with injuries of muscle tissues, who have been treated in outpatient clinics of Football Club “Red Star” from Belgrade and Football Club “Berane” from Berane for two years. All of the patients were male, divided into two groups – under 18 and over 18 years – the seniors. The patients were chosen from their clubs by the same criteria. Results: among 1184 patients in the outpatient clinic of the Football Club “Red Star”, 614 (51.81%) had light injuries, 488 (41.29%) had medium injuries and 82 patients (6.9%) had heavy injuries. In the same time, in the outpatients clinic of FC “Berane” 353 were overseen, 177 (50.1%) had light injuries 140 (39.6%) had medium injuries and 36 (10.3%) were heavily injured. Comparing the sorts of injuries in both clubs, we found the contusion injuries without hematoma in 582 (37.8%), the contusion injuries with hematoma in 279 (19.5%) patients, the distensional injuries in (29.2%) patients, partial ruptures in 125 (8.1%), the total ruptures (2.3%) and painful cramps in 133 (60.2%) patients. The injuries were during trainings 612 (39.8%), during the game (on the field) 962 (60.2%) of injuries. Mainly, the injuries were localised in the area of the upper knee 997 (63.5%), lower knee 332 (22.6%), pelric and abdominal area 96 (8.2%), chest injuries 80 (5.2%) and in the area of the head and 56 (3.6%). After intensive treatment, immediately after injuries we used following types of therapy: creotherapy, standstill therapy, immobilization, medicament therapy, physical treatment (PZ, UZ, DD, laser, interferent current, KTH, etc.). Among the injured patients (category to 18 years) 321 (72%) were completely healed, partially ameliorate i.e. continuous treatment was applied on 79 (17.5%) and 47 (10.5%) of those with complications. In the group of patients who are over 18 years of age which contained 1106 patients, 878 (79.3%) were completely healed, 195 (17.6%) were contionuosly treated and 33 (3%) patients had complications. Conclusion: the curing and the process of rehabilitation of football players after treating muscles demand special treatment must be comprehended and adopted with the prosperity of any sport. Just in cases of regular aproach to this pathology, the injured sportsman can be rehabilitated and capable for fast comeback on the field. Contrary, the complications and indications demand new treatments. “An injured sportsman can be cured better, but never faster.”

599-606

Authors: Milica Radović

Fundrising is the kind of marketing strategy, which the main gool is to provide the money and the other resources. It is the moust important tasks of nonprofit organizacio(sport organiyation) and the other organiyation which need money for development project. Fundraising is independent and sistematical way of compilation the financial resource and anather keind of help in nonprofit organization from the private persone, the enterprice, the associate ect.Fundraising enable the activity and realization projects. Aim of this working paper is to givs contibution these important problem of menagement, to explain it and apply it in sport. Today it we haven`t enought the financial resourceies,without activity to provide it, we will very quickly loss sympathy and support who could help as. Financial problems are present not only in the sport organization , but in the culture, social, eco, education and other organizations. Todey there is strong competition at the fundraising market. Sport has advantages in the mass actions frequently and in his places in the psyche and body development people in all of growth, rather then the another nonprofit organization. Fundraising provide a lot of many and create pozitive image in public environment.

616-622

Authors: Doc. dr Budimir Bijelić

In motoricity a man is genetically "made" first to walk and just then in later stages to run, jump and perform other more complex motor activities. The intensive civilization development has a great negative influence on its basic mover-the man by taking him away from his natural, most basic need for walking. The hipokinesia has resulted in diseases common to a modern man such as putting on weight, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, psycho-nerve tensions, respiration troubles, etc... Walking is one of major physical activities which in different states and/or ages serves as an adequate activity and moreover "remedy" for elimination of numerous disorders caused by urban civilization.

627-633

Authors: Bojan Milošević

This subject represent part of larger research, research of influence of sport journalism on sports and social public. Therefore, in this shorter interpretation of this analysis, it will be expose just basic parts of research. This subject, especialy, pointing on some problems of professional ethics of sport journalists and effect of their identity, as inside of journalists proffesion as in public. Conclusion is that, those problems can be solved with creating of critical attitude toward negative phenomenon in sport.

638-643

Authors: Miloš Arsić

Sporting activities are a very important aspect of social life. Considering the fact that many of the youth are active in sports, efforts should be made in order to provide them with quality conditions for progress and development. There are many factors on which success in sports and the quality of sporting performance depend. Some of the more important factors are: interpersonal relations (among sportspersons, family, coach, and school educator), financial investments into sports, degree of expertise of relevant competent persons, morality and willingness of the sportsperson, adaptability of modern law in sports to the needs of a contemporary society etc. There are instances when a certain number of aforementioned factors are not compliant to the needs of a sportsman, and they influence the development and progress of a sportsman in a negative manner. In order to overcome these problems, it is necessary to improve the functioning of all the segments which comprise a sportsman’s life. All of the problems should be clearly defined; a reform plan and method devised, and lastly, the actual realization of the solution should be approached. The final result of the reforms should be top-quality development and training for sportspersons and the advancement of sports as a whole.

651-658

Authors: Dr Čedomir Ljubojević Mr Larisa Vetro

Sponsorship is the one of the fastest growing form of marketing, and sport sponsorship is by far the most popular sponsoring object that accounts for over 75% of the total sponsoring expenditures world wide. Overall purpose of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of how a company uses sport sponsorship as a strategic tool in its marketing program. A critical aspect of a company's sponsorship process is the determination of its objectives, in order to have a successful sponsorship and be able to evaluate the results of the sponsorship effectively. The stating of clear objectives simplifies the selection between different sponsorship objects and assists company in the selection of the most appropriate object to sponsor. Sponsorship establishes a link between the event and the organization that is sponsoring the event, in order to support corporate or marketing objectivies. Sponsor wants to be seen or associated with some kind of event or sport and in return also provides benefits for the sponsored. Sport sponsorship may be developed into a competence assisting a company to secure a sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, more and more people are becoming aware of the advantages of sponsorship which in return is leading to a growing demand for more professional approach to sponsorship.

665-670

Authors: Mladenović Ivana, Nikolić Maja

Modern women′s live, bad habit,phisical inactivity, put off matrninity for later are the majority bad factors for women halty and working capacity . The main target of this work is to show difference in anthropometrical characteristics and functional abilities women athlets and women non-athlets average ages of 30 to 35 years.They are working active but don′t have maternity activities. The results of this longitudinal investigation show that women who takes any activity are better than non active women. We find diference in circular dimension, sfin fold, % body fat and BMI. Maximal oxygen uptake at active women is 48.00ml/min/kg, and 40.00 ml/min/kg at women who dont practice any sport.

675-679

Authors: Doc. dr Mališa Radović

Wrestling belongs to the groups of very complex ,semistructual, non-rhytmical sports. Physical capability of wrestler and his sport's level depend from quality of his physical capability. It depends also from level of functional possibility in organism. Top results in \vrestling are closely connected vvith the level of development in special endurance, so training process pays attention to improve these tvvo characters. Increasing of special endurance depends also from using objective information about changing functional condition of vvrestler. Very important role in vvrestling possesses dynamic elements vvhich need strong strain and strain the muscles. The physical capabilities are complexity engaged in the fight and different situations which appear during the fight need strong muscles -joint's sensation and resourcefulness to reach the top results.

686-693

Authors: mr Dimitrije Rašović

At the end of 19 centuries tenis like popular game has srarted to play in Vojvodina. At 1880 tennis grassy courts was built in Senta and from that year it started to play in Vojvodina. Austrohungarion officers propageted tennis who were built tennis courts in their barracks but they was built courts in city parks. At 1892 the first tennis competition organised which mean that the first clubs probably had establishment befor thet year. Later at 1894 tennis started to play at palace of greand duke Nikola in Cetinje. Later tennis started to play in srbia at 1900. At that year people organised the first tennis tournament in vrsac. Momcilo Tapavica the first sout slovenion who was montegrion descent who was participat at first modern olimpic’s games in atina at 1896 he gave great countrabucsion developeted tennis sport in Montenegro. Momcilo Tapavica come to palase of graund duke’s Nikola at 1902 and ofter thet date his all family moved to Herceg-Novi and they spent all time to secound world war. At first olimpic’s games Momcilo Tapavica took parr in these sports/tennis, life weights, wrestling. Certain thet like talented sportman he gave great contabution not only in tennis than he gave contribution in the other sports in Montenegro.