Sport Mont

9-14

Authors: Stojan Burnik, Blaž Jereb, Milan Čoh

Climbing rope is certainly one of the most important pieces of climbing equipment. On market there are many manufacturers of dynamic climbing ropes and even more of their products. All the ropes meet the requirements of the standards, which ensure that the ropes are safe enough for use in climbing. However the requirements are set only under certain conditions. In reality climbing ropes are exposed to various conditions that are many times different to those set by the standards. Consequently there are many different falls, which lead to very different loads of impact. By using appropriate method of testing rope samples made by three different manufacturers we discovered that there are differences between all three manufacturers. This leads us to a suggestion that standards should be improved.

28-33

Authors: Cheryl Cooky,Marko Begović,Don Sabo,Carole Oglesby,Marj Snyder

This paper is part of a larger study that identifies who plays sport in Montenegro, and the factors (family, education, economic, religious, cultural stereotypes, and so on) that contribute to girls and women’s participation in sport or that limit girls and women’s participation in sport. This study is the first evidencebased research assessing the current status of girls and women’s sport participation in Montenegro, at all institutional levels. Using mixed-methodologies (quantitative assessment, survey data and qualitative focus group interviews) this study will determine the numbers of girls and women participating in sport, as compared to boys and men in similar demographic categories, and to examine why girls and women do or do not participate in sport and what are their experiences in sport. Initial findings from the demographic assessment of sport in Montenegro illustrate overall gender disparities in sport participation in the 7 most popular sports; the majority of athletes, coaches, managers and decision-makers, medical staff, referees and sport delegates were men. We found the greatest gender imbalance in soccer and basketball, which were overwhelmingly male-dominated, and the greatest gender parity in handball and volleyball- and in some cases there were more female participants than male participants in these sports. We also examined overall trends in gender and sport participation across the different geographical regions, which were similar. However, there were differences in the types of sports men and women played in the different regions, which may indicate that some sports were more popular, or accepted, or easier to access for women in the central part of the country while other sports were more popular, or accepted or easier to access for women in the northern and southern regions. The project is a collaborative partnership with US- and Montenegro based scholars, the International Olympic Committee, the Montenegrin Olympic Committee, the United Nations Development Program, the Office for Gender Equality of the Ministry for Human and Minority Right of Montenegro, and NGO Inovativnost. Reflections and insights on multi-institutional partnerships in the study gender and sport participation will be offered.

41-47

Authors: Darinka Korovljev, Milena Mikalački, Nebojša Čokorilo

During the process of aging at female population, certain changes in body composition take place. Those changes are inevitable and mainly biologically conditioned (Nassis & Geladas (2003); Heymsfield, Lohman, Wang & Going, 2005). Previous researches confirmed positive effects of regular exercising and programmed exercising on body composition. Promotion of motor and functional abilities, and consequently morphological characteristics, application of appropriate recreational activities, greatly influences “delay” of aging and rules which this process is bringing (Mišigoj-Duraković, 2006). The aim of this research was to establish whether there are statistically significant variances in body composition between the groups of individuals that actively exercise, and in relation to the age. The sample of individuals was made of 49 women in total (30-49 years of age) that actively exercise in the fitness club „World Class“, Novi Sad. The individuals were grouped in two sub-samples, in relation to the age. The first sub-sample was made of individuals of 30-39 years of age (N=21), and the second sub-sample of individuals of 40-49 years of age (N=28). Application of t test for independent samples established statistically significant variances between pairs of groups in variables Body weight, Fat mass and Body mass index (p<0,05).

55-62

Authors: Jovan Gardašević, Kosta Goranović

The research was made on sample of 120 football players of cadet age, members of 4 football clubs from Niksic. The aim of research was to identify level of quantitive changes of variables, issued by influence of programmed training. Variables are relevant for force estimation of bottom extremities. Training program included 44 training units in a summer period of preparation, during 42 days. Conclusion, based of resuls of T test, for big depedent samples, is that this programmed training made statistical very important, positive changes of all variables needed for estimation of explosive force for mentionned players.

69-75

Authors: Ivan Terzić,Branko Gardašević

Handball is the one of the most important sports in this region for many years. Althought being a host of European chamiponship 2010, Montenegro didn’t fulfill expectations, neither of fans, neither of professional comunity, only reaching 17th place. Couple of years before, male cadet handball selection Sebia and Montenegro had achieved great succes conquered the title of European (2004) and World champion (2005). Since representatives of Montenegro have consisted a significant part of that team, we tried to compare some of constitutional characteristics (weight, height and planimetry of hand) and 10 motorical abilities of these two selections. Sample consisted of 20 representatives male cadet handball selection of Sebia and Montenegro and 16 male cadet handball selection Montenegro. We used t test for independent samples. Our results showed that there were statisticaly significant differences at planimetry of hand, agility test, speed test, long jump, triple jump, repetitive trunk flexor strength and hand taping. Representatives of Montenego had better results only on the test of hand taping. Also, we tried to find out, by use of Pearson correlation coefficient, which of anthropometic characteristics and motorical abilities could participate in succes of Serbia and Montenegro team and compare them with relationships obtained at the sample of Montenegro’s representatives. Results showed that there were some statisticaly significant correlations between anthropometrical characteristics and motorical abilities. Only one correlation was the common at both samples, the one between long jump and triple jump, and it was stronger at sample of Montenegro cadets. These results confirmed our assumption about usefulness of standards which were created by trophy cadet selection of Sebia and Montenegro for planing and creating work programmes for Montenegro handball team and also in process of selection of players for national team.

83-87

Authors: Georgi Georgiev,Viktor Mitrevski,Žarko Kostovski

The research was carried out on 89 female students at first-year who regularly attended the course sport and sport activities. The aim was to see whether there are differences between the grades gained during the teaching and assessments received during the survey. As indicators in the evaluation of assessment during the research into account were taken techniques of performance of several sport disciplines: athletics (high start) and gymnastics (rolling forward), from the sport games , basketball (leading the ball with a jump shot towards the basket) and test - polygon for checking of the motor skills and habits of the female pupils. The determination of the significance of the differences was performed by t-test. After receiving the survey results, were identified statistically significant differences in the assessment of pupils.

98-105

Authors: Dragan Martinović, Dragan Branković,Jelena Ilić

Continuous monitoring of the level of motor development is one of the primary goals of teaching physical education. Gaining diversified movement experience and developing coordination is of particular importance at early school age. This is why modern approaches to teaching physical education give emphasis to the application of elements of sports games from the earliest age. Handball is a sports game which can be applied from the earliest school age because it abounds with a variety of movement tasks and includes natural forms of movement (running, jumping, throwing, etc.). Therefore, there is a great need for specific motor tests in handball. Specific motor tests are of great value, especially if observed in comparison to general motor skills results: handball requires a specific level of physical aptitude at the same timeinfluencing its further development and sustainability with its versatile contents. The specific coordination test "ball slalom" is broadly applicable and important in the overview of individual skills and can contribute to early guidance and selection in handball. That is why we tested general motor skills on a sample of 60 female students in the IV primary school grade. The testing was based on a battery of tests with the aim to find the mutual relations between these skills and the specific coordination test of "ball slalom". The aim was to check the possibilities of including a school of handball in the regular physical education curriculum.

112-118

Authors: Marina Vukotić

The research was conducted of fifty subjects aged between thirteen to fifteen years in order to determine whether there were significant differences in the level of anthropometric characteristic and motor abilities in athletes of different sport orientation (basketball and volleyball), and to determine differences in changes of anthropometric and motor abilities in athletes. The study applied a system of twenty-one variables that cover the space of anthropometic characteristic and motor abilities. The results were statistically processed and presented in tables. For determination of difference between applied variables discriminative parametric procedure was used. To determine the difference between group of variables and group of respondents discriminative analysis was used (qualitative differences). The results showed that there were statistically significant differences betwen athletes of different sport orientation.

126-131

Authors: Kosta Goranović, Jovan Gardašević

The research problem was analysis of resulting efficacy of mid-track race in 1500m discipline, males, in the time period belonging to modern olympism. Analysis of trend results was compared to changes in approach to sport preparation and training in certain time series. The aim of the research was to assume potential influences of novelties in sports preparation on sports achievements in the analyzed athletic discipline. Results of this speculative research indicated that in different time series different trend of improving resulting efficacy in the period of modern olympism is present. Quantitative values of results’ growth are higher in the first part of the period, quite lower at the beginning of the second half and they experience plateau at the end of the second half. It is possible to assume that improvement of resulting efficacy, except of individual potentials, is also influenced by factors related to modification of training technology.

140-147

Authors: Stevo Popović

This research was aimed at gaining relevant knowledge about the attitudes toward sport advertising among the question how often consumers participate in sports activities The sample included 433 respondents, divided into six subsample groups: consumers who do not purchase sport goods at all, then consumers who purchase sport goods less than ones a month, next 1–3 a month, 4–6 a month, 7–9 a month, as well as consumers who purchase sport goods more than 10 times a months. The results of the measuring were analyzed by multivariate analysis (MANOVA) and univariate analysis (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test. Based on the results it was concluded that significant differences occur at multivariate level, as well as between all three variables at a significance level of p=.05. It is interesting to highlight that it was found that the significant differences showed up between the consumers who do not purchase sport goods at all with negative attitudes and consumers who purchase sport goods less than ones a months and more with positive attitudes toward sport advertising.

156-159

Authors: Viktor Mitrevski,Georgi Georgiev,Rašid Hadžić

The survey was conducted among 183 regular female students in the secondary education. The objective of the research was to see what was the correlation, i.e. the influence of a system of motor tests EUROFIT program for children on motor test - polygon to assess motor skills and habits of pupils who regularly attended the course sport and sport activities. The sample of indicators included one criteria variable for the assessment of motor skills and habits and eight motor variables for the assessment of motor skills. With regression analysis was determined the impact of the system of motor variables on the criterion.

167-173

Authors: Duško Bjelica, Dragan Krivokapić

One of the most important issues in the project ”National frame of qualifications and quality providing in education”, run by the EU Delegation in Montenegro, is improvement of students’ study through effective knowledge tests and feedbacks. Knowledge tests do not only represent a problem of knowledge evaluation, but they significantly determine instructional design of the teaching process. Process of organisation and structuring of an exam, besides feasibility and applicability aspects, also has educative aspects. The knowledge tests should motivate a student to improve their own education as well as to motivate them to further studying. An exam should not be considered as individual method of knowledge evaluation, but as a procedure that will be pervaded with the educative programme. In that sense, availability of good-quality feedback enables the students to self-correct, and the chosen methods of examination have to provide relevant results.

182-188

Authors: Kosta Goranović

In the research, at sample of 80 tested, employees in the special police force, as representatives of police population age from 20 to 25, diagnostics of motor potential in transitive period of annual macrostructure was done. The aim of the research was doing potential correction in planning and programming of transformation process in the next cycles of sports preparation on the base of diagnosed quantitative value of motor abilities. Besides analyses of achieved values, the difference was established between two leading teams in the space of measuring potential. The research results indicated to statistically important differences between two groups of tested people, as well as to unacceptable level of development in some abilities. The achieved results are, from aspect of training process’ control, the indicator to instructors’ team on the need of correction of transformation process’ content, with aim of improving bad segments. Diagnostics of motor abilities with measuring instruments in terrain conditions is one of methods, which can be in function of valorising transformation process of the special police force, taking into account specifics of their professional manifestation.

195-200

Authors: Bojan Rakojević

The aim of this paper is to examine differences physical performances between hight school boys and football players. In this stydu involved 42 boys, ages 15 +/- 6 months. Test batery consist ten tests to examine physical performance. Analyses of resultates, investigators concluded that football training have positve influence on some physical performances. The biggest influence of football trainig is on explosive power lower limbs, aerobic and anaerobic capacity and tehnical abilites. Also, results of speed, flexibility and repetitve power is same in both groups so we conclude that soccer training need to improve this abilites.

219-223

Authors: Aleksandar Joksimović,Danilo Acimović,Rašid Hadžić

The methodology of situational training in the case of alpine skiing represents a body of knowledge which enables the dosing and organization of training when one is working with skiers at various levels of ability and of various ages. The organization of the contents of situational training is primarily based on being familiar with competitive movements, which refer to technical-tactical and physical abilities, as well as the mental strength of the competitors themselves. The situational training of skiers requires that each activity, each preparation and exercise during a training session is aimed at successfully skiing around flags, that is, competitive success. The best situational training sessions consist of slalom skiing with flags. The starting point of the overall work for the competitors is skiing between flags, and doing so with success. During this process, changes in rhythm and movement tempo play an important part, and must be ađusted to suit the demands of the ski hill track.

231-237

Authors: Branko Gardašević,Ivan Terzić

We analyzed the 47 matches played at the 9th European Championship in Handball, Women, held in Denmark and Norway in December 2010. Observed were 16 teams participating. Recorded in the technical and tactical elements, the phases of attack and defense, more than 250 players. We analyzed the following technical and tactical elements: the number of shots on goal, the success rates, assists, defensive blocks, steals and penalties. Individual performance was correlated with the final team standings. The results confirmed that the team to achieve successful results especially significant individual efficiency in defense phase. This confirms the fact that among the 10 players that have shown the highest degree of efficiency defense is 7 from the three best teams. In this way, once again exactly confirmed that a solid game in defense phase prerequisite for high placement in major competitions. The teams they finished poorly, such as the National Team of Serbia, in this area have demonstrated a number of shortcomings, which among other shows inadequate method of training. The discussion and conclusions are given suggestions for improving existing training practice.

244-250

Authors: Jelena Ilić,Dragoljub Višnjić

It is known that many successful athletes come from "sport's family " in which one or more members professionally and / or over a longer period of time is /was engaged in sports. There are even examples of true "sport' s dynasty" in which several generations more or less successfully involved in the same sport.Tthe aim of this survey was to check whether the Serbian water polo players come from families in which „family sports culture“ is present, ie. families in which exept of an representative some other member or members are/were playing some kind of sport, and as consequence of that, players have tried large number of sports before the finale choice of water polo. At the sample of 182 water polo serbian representatives of both sex we found out that 93 % of players have at least one member of familiy who is/was participate/d in sport (the most frequent case – father 74 %) and that there were at least two sort of sport being represented in families exept of waterpolo (most frequently water polo, basketball and handball). Fathers of the representatives were most frequently engaged in socker, handball and basketball, mothers of players handball, basketball and athletics, sisters od athletes tennis and volleyball, and brothers of athletes water polo and basketball. Water polo representatives, beside of waterpolo had tried most frequently swimming and basketball. So, it might be conclude that playing of water polo really represents kind of family tradition and that sport’s culture in these families in high level.

257-264

Authors: Nikola Bulatović, Miroslav Kezunović

The examined group was composed of 60 patients with injuries of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) treated at the Clinical Center of Montenegro from 2006- 2010. Among general population the frequency is 1:3000, and around 70% of ACL injuries occur as a consequence of sports activity. These traumas represent 15-30% of all sports injuries. Normal kinematics of a knee joint means intact ligament. The purpose of our work was to determine the risk factors of injury, regarding training and competing process, daily activity and their connection with the mechanism of injury. In our inquiry, recreational athletes represented 70% of patients.The most common mechanism of injury is a non-contact, deceleration, valgus angulation with an external rotation as a consequence of landing, sudden change of direction, running rhythm, or fall. The largest number of injuries occurs in training, recreation, tournaments, and everyday activities. In diagnostics we employed clinical tests, ECHO finding, NMR and arthroscopy. Sports activity during which our patients obtained most of their injuries is soccer. Traumas were frequently followed by damages to their joint structures (meniscus, cartilage). Injuries of ACL are multifactorial etiologies, but through external and internal factors, adequate communication, and sports culture of partakers (athletes, trainers and physicians) can be acted preventively on decreasing injury incidence and timely and adequate treatment.