Sport Mont

3-13

Authors: Miroljub Ivanović,Borislav Samardžić, Uglješa Ivanović

Aim of this research has been directed to the functional abilities relation testing (as predictors) and athletic results (as criterion) of students, who are VII and VIII grade of primary school (Χ= 13, 9 years; SD = 1, 17). The research has been conducted in Valjevo during November 2010. on the sample of 108 examinees. Variables’ sample has been assembled from 3 tests for functional abilities (maximal oxygen consumption, pulse frequency and vital lungs capacity) evaluation and 4 athletic disciplines (high jump, long jump, shot put and 60 meters low start sprint) from current physical education curriculum. Crombah-alfa coefficient values indicate to satisfactory reliability of applied instruments. In data processing canonical correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis have been used. Achieved canonical correlation analysis results showed that functional abilities set is statistically and significantly related to criterion variables set (R=.67), manifesting one canonical factor on the level p<.03. Achieved determination coefficient (R² = .43) indicates to functional abilities prognostic significance of explained variance 46% criterion. Using hierarchy regression model following statistically significant beta coefficient of functional abilities as partial predictors of athletics outcome have been determined: I) for vital lungs capacity- high jump (β = .67, p < .01), II) for vital lungs capacity- long jump (β = .55, p < .01), III) for vital lungs capacity and pulse frequency- shot put (β =.-.34, p < .01; β =.42, p < .02) and IV) for vital lungs capacity- 60 meters sprint (β = .-.39). Regression equation calculation of other applied functional abilities preadolescents’ predictor variables has not statistically and significantly contributed to univariance prediction of criterion variable variance.

19-23

Authors: Nebojša Čokorilo, Milena Mikalački, Darinka Korovljev

The research included (N=60) females from the territory of Municipality of Novi Sad. The sample of individuals included females of the average age of 58.5 ±6.90, average body mass of 70.9 kg±15.32, and average body height of 164.8 m±7.24. The walking test of 2 kilometres of length offers the possibility to determine the Fitness Index (general ability) and evaluate maximal consumption of oxygen VO2max. Since the individuals were older, very demanding tests were not recommendable, so we chose UKK test of 2 kilometre walking. Although it engages great muscle groups, it is not considered a risky activity which can bring to quick body exhaustion. Nordic walking is very convenient for intensifying of the training, and the important thing is that it protects joints. The use of sticks off-loads the whole passive composition for moving, such as ligaments and connective tissues, back and joints (especially knees), for some 15 to 35 tonnes per hour. Because of that, Nordic walking is ideal as a rehabilitation sport for people with orthopaedic disorders. The protocol of the test requires observation of the air temperature in the span of 5 - 25°C, moderate humidity, casual clothes or sweat suit and appropriate clothes and sneakers, and 5 to 10 minutes of warm-up: stretching of the spine muscles, legs muscles, and fast walking of 200 meters. After such preparations, the test starts, and each individual sets own tempo of walking. After 2 kilometres, we measure achieved time and the value of the pulse.

41-47

Authors: Zoran Jonić,Jadranka Kocić,Mirjana Petrović

In assume that there is insufficient physical angagement in children, insufficient teachers`, parents`, and childs`„sport entelligence“, it was decided to realize the project „Communication and culture in sport“. Previous aim of project was growing up the health level in children, growing up the level of sport culture, giving educative and entertaining contents to familly, children, and teachers, such as opening kindergardens to local society. To satisfaction and happiness of children, it was find friends which understood ideas and which supported in financial way. At the end of 2007. year it was start to build sport outdoor grass terrains in kindergarden yard ’’Cvrčak’’ in Niš. It was build athlet track, outdoor mini foodball, basketball and voleyball. After that more interested was sport clubs in town to work with children at their own fields, which contributed greather affirmation an growing health and sport culture level in children. In one year lasted ciclus, sport clubs afirmated their work, showing and training children the bases of sports elements, such as attracted children in sport clubs in cooperation with physical education expert service Office. In that way clubs reached a lot of members, parents had painless favor, teachers varies work contents, and in children it was growen up health and sport culture level. In cooperation with coatches many of them could find and induced tallent to sport activities right choise. It was more intensive cooperated with parents. To many of them it was the first small-great step in sport world.

53-60

Authors: Dragana Aleksić, Branimir Mekić,Slađana Tošić

In this work, the subject of the research is only one segment of the anthropological area, which refers to the appearance of appropriate motor abilities-coordination. Static strength Static strength is ability to retain in nonmetrics contraction of muscle that body is preserved in certain position. Static work as physical work doesn’t exist in static strength, because development doesn’t exist, but quality of static work the muscle should start with physiology’s opinion of work. Static work is used for demonstration the power during that last.The battery for the evaluation of static strength consists of the following tests: MVIS, MIPR, MINS. During the 2005/06 academic year, a research was conducted so as to determine the effects of current program of physical education teaching on motor abilities coordination of female pupils. The research involved a total sample of 102 girls from the 3th and 4th grade of elementary school. The subjects were classified in one experimental and one control group. The experimental group was made of 54 studentsand they were practicing according to planning instruction where the artistic gymnastics had the primary part. The control group of 48 students was practicing according to official instructional plan and program for P.E. of the Republic of Serbia. At the beginning of the academic year, initial (first) measurement was performed, followed by experimental final (second) measurement at the end of experiment. The multi-variant procedures were used in this research ant those were: the multi-variant analysis of the variable (MANCOVA, MANOVA). Also, the mono-variant procedures were used and those were: the variable analysis (ANCOVA, ANOVA) and the interval of entrust. After the experimental treatment, i.e. at the final testing, significant differences were found with female pupils in the experimental and control groups concerning the one of three tests for the evaluation of static strength. The basic conclusion is that the female pupils of all,experimental groups achieved significantly higher teaching effects than the control group, in view of partly increased motor abilities, being the result of the effects of the experimental treatment, as well as other external and internal factors.

69-74

Authors: K. Herodek, M. Živković, E. Petković, S. Veličković, A. Aleksić-Veljković

The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of different protocols of warming-up using static, dynamic stretching and balet exercises on vertical jump performance. Ten girls in sport gymnastics completed three different protocols in randomized order. After each session, the athlets performed motorical test designed to measure explosive leg strength. Myotest was used for evaluating vertical jump performances and for data analyzing. For study research the statistical package “SPSS version 17” was used. To fortify the differences between three jump performances, the ANOVA and t-test were used.

81-83

Authors: K. Marković, K. Herodek

The vertical jump is a fundamental quality for athlets, especially in volleyball, handball or basketball. Several tests and evaluatin systems can be deployed to assess this quality. The aim of this experiment was to check the validity of the Myotest for measuring vertical jump tests. The experiment involves comparing two measuring systems to measure vertical movement during squaat jumps (SJ) and reactivity test. The example was consisted of 30 athlets (6 volleyball players and 24 handball players). Each subject was evaluated randomly by means of rhe two tests. Myotest and Ergojump were used. The jump height comparison gained from the Myotest and the Ergojump did not show any significant differences. This difference was approx. 3 cm. Therefore, the Myotets appears to be an efficient tool for evaluating performance during the vertical jump test.

90-97

Authors: Rashiti Naser, Ajvazi Vlora, Adem Nura, Fadil Nika

In order to examine the impact of anthropometrical characteristics and motor skills during the tests’ implementation of the jump forward and triple jump from place, the experimental research was carried out on a sample of 100 second year students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Prishtine. For the purposes of this study were measured eight anthropometrical characteristics and ten tests for assessing motor skills, which made the predictor system of variables. To assess the explosive force of the type of jumpiness, applied were tests long jump forward and triple jump from place. Data was processed with the basic descriptive statistical parameters and regression analysis. Based on the results of this research and the discussion ,can be concluded that the applied system of predictor motor tests, have significant influence on the manifestation of the explosive force of students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Prishtine, i.e., it is possible to predict (forecast) the results of tests for explosive power based on the predictor system of respondents

103-109

Authors: Nebojša Nedeljkov, Miroslav Smajić, Slavko Molnar,Bogdan Tomić

In structure football is very complicated and complex activity. Today's level of development of football game requires of players a high level and rhythm of the game, excellent physical condition, high technical standards in motion that depend on many motor skills. Various beginnings of movement, acceleration, stopping at high speed, changing direction, jumping, ball hitting are the most common movings in which explosive power of players is exhibited. Observing the activities of the game, players need most, the form of power, which is reflected in the shortest possible interval, ie. explosive strength. The study aims to determine the difference in explosive strength of legs of footballers of cadet category. The sample consisted of 60 players, divided into two groups of 30 subjects, aged 15 ± 1 years. One group was composed of Serbian national team and the other football players of FC ‘Vojvodina’ from Novi Sad. Sample tests consisted of six tests, as follows: running speed of 10 meters from a standing start, running speed 20 meters from a standing start, running speed 30 meters from a standing start, a jump up from the spot, standing long jump and triple jump. To examine whether statistically significant differences between groups of players we used t-test for two independent groups. Generally it can be concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups of respondents in favor of the representatives of Serbia.

115-127

Authors: Miroslav Radoman,Miroslav Smajić

Research was performed on the sample of 64 matches of the World Cup FIFA World Cup Germany 2006 and 128 results of matches classified in three wholes, according to the results: victory, defeat and draw. Analysis was carried out in relation to the element of game break during a match. The basic aim of the research was to carry out the analysis of differences in frequency of game breaks during a match. On the basis of the obtained results and their interpretation, the following conclusions may proceed: • Analysis of game breaks inferred to the fact that disqualification of a player (red card), then total number of offside, and much lower number of own goals affect the result of a match significantly; • This leads to a conclusion that the winning teams achieved lower number of public warnings (yellow cards) and disqualification of players (red cards), which means that teams were psycho-physically and technique-tactically were prepared to prevent an opponent in the defense phase from organizing an attack and scoring a goal; Based on the above we may define the basic characteristics of games of the winning teams, teams who ended their matches in a draw, and defeated teams.

132-136

Authors: Maja Batez, Branko Krsmanović, Jelena Obradović, Goran Dimitrić

At the sample of 117 schoolgirls, 10 years old (+-6 monts), the experimental reserch had been applaid. The goal was to reserch the influence of two different teaching program to the level of pupils knowledge (motor skills). Differences of the level of knowledge were tested by multivariat analisis of variance, discrimniative analisis, as wel as the differences for every variable by univariat analisis of variance. It was concluded that there were the significant statistical difference in pupils knowledge depending of teaching program.

143-147

Authors: Vlatko Šeparović, Haris Pojskić, Edin Užičanin

The subject of the study was the all matches from European basketball championship for cadets – division B and its analysis regarding nonstandard statistical parameters of situational efficiency. The aim of the study was to determine which nonstandard statistical parameters of situational efficiency from transitional and positional offensive actions make difference between successful and unsuccessful teams at final tournament of European basketball championship for cadets. The research has been conducted on sample of 23 national team from cadets’ European basketball division B, that took place in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. All of 93 games were recorded on DVD-s for analysis. In order to find out potential quantitative differences between successful and unsuccessful teams in nonstandard statistical parameters of situational efficiency the independent samples t-test was conducted. The obtained results showed that there were significant differences in nonstandard statistical parameters of situational efficiency - transitional offensive actions. The fact leads us to conclusion that this level of competition is very inhomogeneous quality because the teams’ successfulness in transitional offensive attacks reflects dominance and superiority of one of teams, or vice versa the inferiority of the other teams.

158-165

Authors: Miroslav Smajić,Bogdan Tomić,Dragoljub Bekvalac

Illegal stimulant use is considered a recovery or giving athletes a substance that artificially affects the improvement of physical and psychological condition of athletes and thus increase their success in sport. Consumption of materials that a healthy body can synthesize as hormones (testosterone, cortisone, growth hormone, etc.) falls underthe concept of doping. Doping substances by their chemical composition and effect on the body of an athlete are different. The study aims to examine the attitudes of players of different ages on illegal stimulants of recovery. The sample comprised 120 players from nine different clubs from the area-level competition of the Football Association of Vojvodina (Serbian Super League = 43, first division = 40 Serbian and Serbian league = 37), which were divided into two groups according to age (group I (65 ) - 18-25 years age group II (55) - over 25 years of age). The sample of variables constitutes a system of 10 items (statements), and each paragraph (the claim) has five verbal categories. To determine the significance of differences between players of different ages multivariate analysis of variance were used (MANOVA), univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), discriminative analysis, Roy’s test, Pearson's coefficient of contingency (χ) and coefficient of multiple correlation (R). In general terms it can be concluded that the players of different ages do not differ and are unique to the approval of the proposed positions.

171-175

Authors: Milomir Trivun,Simo Vuković, Goran Pašić

Population from which the selected sample of respondents was defined as the population of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport University of East Sarajevo age males age 23 years ± 6 months. The total sample of respondents consisted of 52 male students of the third year of enrollment in school year 2009/10. year. The effective value of predictor variables frequency (number of strokes) compared to the criterion reported success search results kayaking at 250 he still waters. The results of predictors and criterion, subject to regression analysis indicates the effective value of the frequency of kayaking on calm waters. The estimated value of these variables indicate the optimal frequency and the effective value of kayaking on calm waters during the class nature of student activities in the camp with Tjentište.

185-191

Authors: Bogdan Tomić,Slavko Molnar,Miroslav Radoman

Based on the structure competition activities, and its character can be defined as a hypothetical model of the anthropological characteristics of football players of different gaming positions. Based on hypothetical models of different football players' position can make a division into two groups of players based on game systems that are commonly used in modern football, which is 4-4-2, and the common anthropological characteristics, structure and nature of activities carried out by during the game, so the first group consists of players with smaller volumes of engagement in the game (goalkeeper, two central defenders and two strikers) and the second groupconsists of players with greater scope to engage in the game (two foreign players and four defensive midfielder (midfielder) ). The aim is to determine the difference between players of different players' positions on the basis of some basic and specific motor abilities. The sample of 206 football players aged 18 ± 0.5 years is divided into 5 subsamples according to examinees gaming position: forwarders (45), midfield players (47), defenders (41), central defenders (44) and goalkeepers (29). The battery of 16 tests (in which the results are expressed in distance and time - metric). It can be concluded that there are differences between players of different players' positions on the team in relation to the basic and specific motor skills

198-206

Authors: Irfan Gračanin,Rastko Palić, Jasmin Gračanin

Each physical activity, as a specific type of “body stress”, initiates complexes biochemical, physical, psychological and functional organism reactions. As a result of adaptation to working pressures, it is primarily implied to capacity of an organism to perform physical activity of certain volume and intensity. Consequently, any type of exercise has a positive impact on cardiovascular system. Blood pressure and heart rate decrease, because the heart grows stronger and, hence, more efficient and capable to pump more blood per one heart beat. Strength training exercises cause maximal mobilization of muscle during a short period of time, with huge loss of energy. This paper analysis researches published during the 1997-2010 period of time, which dealt with the topic of effects of intensive strength trainings exercises on cardiovascular endurance. The aim of this research is gathering and analyzing of accessible researches and conclusions reached. Based on the analyzed data’s, it can be concluded that intensive strength exercises above all improve physical activity capacity of an organism, improves level of muscle strength, increase cardiovascular endurance and enhances organism recovery. Accordingly, overall physical and mental organism balance is improved, which are the key components for life quality.

213-219

Authors: Galina Petrova Dyakova,Anna Bozhkova

For the acquisition and maintenance of body weight in normal range is necessary to exercise various physical activities. Physical exercises have many positive effects on the metabolism and on the increase of energy consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the daily energy expenditure for female students with a body mass index "Having a normal" and "Before obesity". Energy consumption was measured with a multi-touch monitor of the daily consumption using Sense Wear Pro 2 Body monitoring system. In addition are the following mathematical and statistical methods for quantitative assessment of the examined parameters and the comparative methods of data analysis obtained from the statistical analysis. There were significant differences in the energy consumption at the examined parameters.

227-232

Authors: Aleksandar Joksimović,Danilo Aćimović, Omer Špirtović

The introduction of innovations in sport often is met with opposition from society, or in other words, incomprehension from the supporters of previous premises, in terms of understanding the new methods and the like. The manifestation of a certain dose of resistance is most frequently done by voicing unsubstantiated criticism by means of the media. We are primarily referring to the incomprehension of new methods and principles of work, which leads to prejudice among poorly or insufficiently informed individuals. This was the reason why, at first, during the 1990’s, a prejudice against carving skis was born, which could confuse the inexperienced and uninformed, and should therefore be clarified. Carving is much easier to learn than classic skiing. There is pleasure to be gained from the very fact that carving skis, due to their structure, have no problem entering and going through a turn, the ease of which can be seen in the relaxed body posture during that time. The term “carving” refers to the shape of the skis, which remind one of an hourglass shape. Depending on how far the tip and tail of the skis are from the mid section of the skills, we can determine various carving ski types, from the mildest to the most extreme, including: carving plus skis, all-round carving skis, classic skis, turn skiing, telemark – free skiing.

239-242

Authors: Nebojša Đošić

The treatment endured one month. For this time 8 trainings and totally 322 jums in profoundness were done with differant altitudes from 42 cm to 105 cm. The complete time of work with time-out between sequences was about 120 minutes. The time-out between the sequences was from 2 ' til 6'. The pause between the training was from 2 to 5 days. The puls after 30 '' from the finishing of the jums in th sequence was from 100 to 140 pulsation in the minute measured by palpation. On the finaly measurement is constated that the two leg jump from place in height was better for 7 cm , and the one leg jump with three footsteps spring was better for 2 cm. This such result indicate on the assumption that the progress must bi greater if the program would be longer , for example two, three months and if this program should be done by footbalers which are active and in the best player years i.e. between 18 -30 year. The author was by this time 40 years old.

249-255

Authors: Fadil Rexhepi,Željko Hraski

In a sample of a total of 11 judoists - one was the Tori (thrower), and the other ten were uke (those who were thrown during the performance of throwing technique), was analyzed the second phase of throwing (tsukuri) judo technique osoto gari. Tori is an active athlete superior quality (master, body mass = 72 kg), and all the other, who were thrown (uke) differ from each other as the weight and height of the body concerned. The average of their body weight was 73.8 kg, which means that it is almost even with body mass of tori. For data collection was used a three-dimensional motion analysis system APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System). Tsukuri is the phase where occur most actions of reaping leg. The second phase (tsukuri) begins when tori detach his right foot and lasts until the beginning of reaping opponent's leg, on which was concentrated its weight (uke's weight). The parameters that describe the effect of the reaping leg in the second phase of technique osoto gari are crucial for the successful execution of this leg technique. For the analysis of the second phase of the throw were selected 14 variables that describe the position of the body and certain body parts of both athletes, velocity parameters of tori's reaping leg and the duration of this phase (time). The role of the tori's standing leg is to maintain a stable position during this phase, while the other leg quickly and in full force acts reaping. The smallest angle of the knee joint of standing leg during the second phase was 130.84 °. Before the moment of reaping, or detachment of uke`s feet from the mat, standing leg has a tendency to extension in the knee joint, which impacts positively on raising the tori's body center of mass. Height tori's body center of mass at the beginning phase was 87.79 cm. As a result of tori's action by pulling onto uke, but little to his left side, the uke`s center of mass at the end of this phase is moved laterally to 6.10 cm. The results show quite similar values of the distance of the body center of mass of both judoists at the beginning and the end phase, meaning that at the beginning of reaping, uke`s body move slightly to the side, so that the distance between two body center of mass increases and remains almost the same as at the beginning phase. Velocity parameters of tori's reaping leg during reaping are very important factors for a strong effect on the uke`s body or uke`s leg on which this concentrated weight. Maximal linear velocity of the ankle of reaping leg in back direction was 5.05 m / s. Average value of the angular velocity of reaping leg in back direction in the sagittal plane of this phase (before the detachment of uke`s feet) was 198.16 degrees per second (° / s), while maximal angular velocity of the same leg was 316,01 (°/s ). During reaping, or touching his leg with uke`s leg, the knee angle of reaping leg is changed, so its value significantly affect the efficiency of performing technique. Average value of the angle of knee joint (prior to the detachment uke`s feet) was 146.80 °. At this phase occur the most important movements of reaping leg and other parts of tori's body. Therefore, this phase lasts slightly longer than the other phases (0.37 s).

262-268

Authors: Radovan Čokorilo,Grk Milana

Starting from the idea of organic unity between mind and body, the interdependence of organism and environment, and the contribution of physical activity, social, emotional and physiological development today is more correct to speak of "education through the physical" than the "physical education". According to this understanding of physical education is turning into a rich activity that not only develop muscles and coordination of movements, but as a whole person - physical education is becoming the backbone of global development. On the other hand, the family is an important factor in physical education because it formed the firstparagraph and the first knowledge of the importance and value of physical education. Here is a very important role of parents as well as socio-economic status of families and family circumstances which manifests as a braking or promotion of child development. It is known that children from families that have a negative attitude towards sport and physical culture in general, are usually not involved in any sport or recreational activity. Many parents do not realize the importance of physical education and physical activity for proper development of the child or at least not sufficiently aware of that importance. Therefore they are very poorly or not at all interested in the results that their children achieve in sport and physical education has a negative effect on their further development. The paper analyzes the external factors of physical development and motor skills, especially the influence of family circumstances. The aim of this paper is that analysis of previous research in this field point out the good results and pedagogical implications of established knowledge but also to the synthesis of these findings point to possible practical solutions to defined problems.

277-283

Authors: Ibri Lulzim, Prizreni Sahit, Shala Sylejman, Shala Shkelzen

With a purpose to investigate the influence of anthropometric characteristic in manifestation explosive force were organized one experimental study with one Sample from 120 footballer age 16 ± for six months, For purposes of this study were used anthropometric characteristic battery from 8 tests which were component in predict variables, and for estimation of explosive force were implicated two tests which were component in variables criterion system. Information were realized by using regressive and descriptive analysis. Based in investigation results can be concluded, that implicated system of anthropometric characteristic has important influence in manifestation of explosive force to footballer age 16 means that prediction tests of explosive force according to measure of anthropometric characteristic is possible.

290-294

Authors: Danilo Acimović,Aleksandar Joksimović, Emilija Petković,Omer Špirtović

The basic characteristic of alpine skiing as a means of recreation is that it can be used by individuals of all ages and psycho-physical abilities. This activity stimulates the development, improvement and maintenance of psycho-physical abilities, especially the development of the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Using this skiing technique implies performing a certain turn, using a certain skill and the ability to properly move. By using its contents, forms and methods of work, we contribute to the improvement of health, and the boosting of physical and work abilities. The basic elements of alpine skiing as a means of recreation are not merely used in the service of health, as it also has other functions, a pedagogical, androgynous, psychological and humane function to name a few.

302-310

Authors: Dejan Orlić, Milan Cvetković

This paper deals with assessment of motor abilities on the sample of 164 subjects of boys from major cities of Vojvodina, divided in three groups according to their IQ. Assessment was carried out by the test battery of 7 motor tests: Obstacle course backwards, Hand tapping, Seated straddle stretch, Standing broad jump, 20m run, Sit-up, Bent-arm hang, as well as by Raven's progressive matrices in color for assessment of cognitive abilities. Subject of this paper are motor and cognitive abilities of boys at the age of 7-10. The purpose of research is to define differences in motor abilities of children at different intellectual levels. Significance of this research is primarily related to getting concrete data on engagement of cognitive abilities in performing motor tasks of different complexity. Research results of the above sample indicated that coordination seven to eight years old boys had statistical significant relations with cognitive abilities, hence motor tasks i.e. tasks of unusual structure to becarried out fast and correctly, which represented these abilities took effect on differences between groups, whereas repetitive strength, static strength and flexibility did not significantly affect the difference between groups.

323-330

Authors: Borislav Samardžić,Paulina Soldat

Aim of this research was to determine if there were statistically significant differences in morphological characteristics between outdoor and indoor football players. The research was conducted in December 2010, on the sample of 124 examinees (64 outdoor and 60 indoor football), being from 19 to 35 years old. Variables sample from 29 anthropometric measures has been tested according to the International Biological program (IBP) directions and regulations. Standard central and dispersive parameters have been used in data processing, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and canonical discriminative analysis. One statistically significant discriminative function (Wilks’ Lambda = .43; p<.01), which indicates to statistically significant measured anthropometric characteristics differences between indoor and outdoor football players, has been achieved. Obtained higher variance values and standard deviation, of indoor football players in body height, body mass and hand range variables, signalize that they are somehow higher, heavier and have bigger hand range compared to outdoor football players. Examinees sample variability of outdoor football players was visibly homogenous than indoor football players. It is probably the consequence of earlier selections and more systematic training processes in the most outdoor football clubs.

337-342

Authors: Biljana Vitošević, Tatjana Popović-Ilić

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex and it represents a key component of the hormonal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The best-known metabolic effects of cortisol on the metabolism are the stimulation of gluconeogenesis, increased protein catabolism and increased lipolysis. Exercise is considered as a specific stressor that can modify the cortisol levels in the human body. The intensity and duration of exercise are factors that determine the response of cortisol. This article is a brief review on the effects of the cortisol responses at different intensity of exercise, its relationship with testosterone and highlights the importance of its role as a hormonal component of adaptation of the organism to exercise that preserves and protects the body from the negative physiological consequences.

348-353

Authors: Rifat Mujanović, Izet Kahrović, Benin Murić

The sample of respondents consisted of 32 students of elementary schools in Novi Pazar, aged 11 and 12 years, involved in regular physical education and additional physical training in Karate (karate experimental group). The subject of this study was to investigate the model Kate (Hei an sho dan) ,students motor skills of elementary school included an additional physical training in karate. The research problem is organized toexamine, whether practice kata in the final since the initial measure contributes to statistically significant differences in motor abilities subjects. The aim of the investigation is to determine the effects of the motor kata model on karate motor skills changes (experimental group). Measuring instruments of motor skills include nine tests that define: explosive power, flexibility and balance. We used the computer program "Statistica" 8.0 for Windows to calculate the Student t-test, and canonical discriminant analysis. The results showed that the influence by the effect of model Kate (Hei an sho day) on the transformation processes of motor abilities, there was a statistically significant change of studets motor abilities in the final since the initial measure.

364-368

Authors: Benin Murić, Izet Kahrović, Vladan Milić, Rifat Mujanović

All psychosomatic characteristics and abilities are very important for achieving sportingsuccess in boxing. Therefore, it is the obligation of professionals to seek out, among other things, new methods that permit the identification of personality dimensions andtheir connections, which are responsible for achieving success in sport. We analyzed the structure of boxers’ cognitive abilities. The research’s mission is to determine the structure of boxers’ cognitive abilities. The study is managed with the hypothesis: H1-In thespace of cognitive abilities it is expected to obtain a general factor. The population from which the sample was taken for this study can be defined as a population of boxers from boxing clubs in Serbia aged 15-19 years. Our sample of 100 boxers, boxing club members from Serbia, was optimal for the planned research. Basic cognitive processes can be reduced to perceptual functions, parallel and serial processes, which are probably controlled by a central processor responsible for coordinating all cognitive functions.

376-380

Authors: Srećko Novaković, Dragan Vukasović

Sport, as an activity of public interest in contemporary conditions of life,has an important role in almost every state. Financial and security of participation of the state in the sports field, through the budgets of all levels are important issues regardless of the status and relationships of government and non-governmental organizations and sports associations. Cooperation and clear definition of security responsibilities between public authorities and sports clubs is essential and widely accepted phenomenon. The causes of conflict in sport competitions are polyvalent. It affects the study of this type of security phenomena that must be approached from different aspects. The causes of conflict in sports competitions may be direct and indirect, structural, economic - social, political and cultural - perceptual. All together they contribute to the occurrence of conflict and measuring the occurrence and development of modern security phenomenon in sport competitions.

390-395

Authors: Dragan Vukasović, Srećko Novaković

Given the importance of sport for international integration, affirmation, a sense of belonging and other values of general interest, in order to maintain and open new prospects of development, it is necessary to form the private security system along with state security system, with a view to creating conditions for development sports athletes to achieve better results both in domestic and international competitions. Private security is only one element of an integrated security system which, with its efficient organization with the use of adequate means and measures should provide answers to new challenges, risks and threats. Private security in line with the new understanding of the concept of security has an important role in providing athletes.

405-408

Authors: Ognjen Bakmaz, Šemsudin Džeko

During the life and creativity, fighting for survival and development of conditions for existence, a man has to have a constant specific goal - a given motivation. We will take into account that a person is creative, thoughtful and effective creature, not only because he wants it, but because of it is necessary. On this way of acting and creating, he builds certain norms, rules and habits through which implementation he achieves self-realization. A motivation is the driving force on this way.

416-420

Authors: Tatjana Popović-Ilić, Biljana Vitošević,Igor Ilić

The athletes are, as well as the other population groups, exposed to danger of being overweight. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly control their body composition. The goal of this research is to determine the differences in BMI values between measured groups of football and volleyball players, so we could determine if the specifics of the training process of the observed sports have some influence on the BMI values. The population studied consisted of 100 male athletes of the top national competition rank (57 football players and 43 volleyball players), age 18 – 30. The variables measured are body height and body weight. The BMI of both groups was calculated based on these measures and compared with T-test (sig≥95%). The values produced by T test (sig=83,8%) indicate that there isn’t a significant statistical difference between these groups. We concluded that despite the differences in selection and training processes, the practice of professional top sport provides that body composition values are kept in the boundaries of normal values.

428-433

Authors: Fahrudin Aščić,Muris Đug,Nenad Katanić,Vahid Dedić

On a sample of 103 primary school students aged 13 and 14 years, as a prediction variables system, nine variables were applied for the assessment of the morphological characteristics and twelve variables for the evaluation of motor skills. Nine variables were applied as a criterion system from the three sports branches: atheltics, gymnastics and sports games. The goal of this research was to determine a multiple and partial influence of the overall prediction system of morphological characteristics and motor skills on the grade in physical education. Data processing was done by the regression analysis. Statistically significant association of the prediction with the criterion is revealed by the regression analysis of the results of the overall prediction system and the grade form the Physical education. The connection of the given sets is achieved on the statistically significant level, expressed by the multiple correlation coefficient of 67 % and explanatory variables of 44 %. The partial effect of individual variables of morphological characteristics is typologically oriented and focused on the variables of transversal dimension of the skeleton and the variables of longitudinal dimension of the skeleton, while the partial effect of motor ability variables represent the variables that reflect the subspace of the explosive space of lower extremities and the explosive power of arms.

448-456

Authors: Dimitrije Rašović,Nenad Živanović

At the end of 19 centery tennis started to play at palace of grand duke Nikola in Cetinje. Montenegrian Momcilo Tapavica who was participat at first modern Olimpic games in Atina at 1896, gave great contribution developed tennis sport in Montenegro. Tapavica come to palase of graund duke’s Nikola at 1902 and ofter that date his family moved to Herceg – Novi where they spent all time until second world war. At the first Olimpic games Tapavica took part in these sports: tennis, weightlifting, wrestling. Certain he was a talented athlete has made a great contribution not only to the development of tennis but other sports development in Montenegro.

466-472

Authors: Jasmin Zahirović, Muris Đug, Jasmin Mehinović,Miloš Jelčić

The aim of this study was to determine the criteria for identifying the type of student chronological age of 19 to 21 years at the University of Tuzla. For the purposes of this study tested 752 girls. Pattern variables in this study include eight variables for the assessment of morphological characteristics. Selection of variables was carried out in accordance with the problems that are imposed in this study, based on which one can get to the relevant classification levels between the groups within the area of morphological characteristics.

478-483

Authors: Marjan Malcev, Bujar Saiti

position, education, sports, health. The sample of 400 respondents sub – samples divided in two depending on the gender explored some socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes toward the sport of engaging in extracurricular activities in the field of sport. The position is treated with descriptive statistics and conclude that it is positive among students of both sexes. The level of education of parents affect the preoccupation with sports. The involvement of students in extracurricular activities, sports is still relatively low, which is the limit of 50%. 483

493-500

Authors: Zlatan Saračević, Alija Biberović, Tarik Huremović, Marko Zeljković

Due to the complexity of the motion, shot put technique is described in phases for easier analysis, easer learning of technique and error correction. It is complete so that in its implementation the transition from phase to phase is not noticed. In aforementioned and described phases of O'Brian spinal shot put technique a large distance, emptiness and disconnection appear between the initial position phase and a phase of overtaking the device, which in the training methods and training technique in primary and secondary education, as well as for students and athletes beginners in shot put represents a major problem regarding connecting, training and technique advancement. Therefore, this work is aimed at facilitating the methods of training of shot put technique, extending from four to six phases, which have been described and include the complete O'Brian technique.

509-515

Authors: Mexhid Krasniqi, Afrim Berisha, Adrm Nura, Blerim Sylejmani

This work offers a short review of sports marketing and management. It presents different ways of advertising some products either in sports events or throng electronic mediums. In addition, it reviles different aspects of the influence that politics and discrimination has on sport as well as the way of solving eventual arguments of any kind.

522-531

Authors: Danica Piršl, Nenad Živanović, Solzica Popovska

Within the research area of Cognitive Psychology scholars, the focus has lately been on the writing processes modelled on shaping the text. The Model of Cognitive Writing Processes by Flower and Hayes (1984) tries to explain cognitive processes and components which are included in writing a text. According to this model, text authors analyse information based on the approach similar to the one described in The Information Processing Model of Memory by Atkinson and Schiffrin (1968). The authors’ analysis of the data can also be explained with The Levels of Processing Theory by Craik and Lockhart (1972). The quality of written text depends on the use of writing strategies and techniques. The key writing strategies for the quality of the written text are: strategic planning, strategy of the design elaboration, and strategy of correcting the finished text. The process of writing the text is a very complex skill. The level of cognitive effort necessary for some phases of the writing process is very high. There are many interindividual differences in the writing skill level, depending on the cognitive level of the individual, sex, age, attitudes to writing, reading skills etc. For the teaching of writing, modelled on shaping the text, a more general recommendation is the interactional or process approach.

541-546

Authors: Danica Piršl, Nenad Živanović, Solzica Popovska

Rhetorics is in the lime light again because the orator is attracting the attention of the audience when creating texts using scientific style that noone could use before (E. Hinkel, 2002). It is almost compulsory to publish widely scientific articles and papers in English if the author claims to be accepted by his respective academic discourse community. Many an author has been diminished by the panel of scientific referees and reviewers who decide on the acceptability of the paper. This norm of publishing in English starts a race that is usually dictated by the anglosaxon norms of writing. That is why we have to find out the norms of writing so that they can be taught and transferred to our students.

552-559

Authors: Vidosav Lolić, Osmo Bajrić, Dejan Lolić, Slobodan Goranović

The study was conducted on a sample of 137 soccer players aged 14-16 years from the football clubs of the Central Canton of the Federation of BiH, who plays for his teamin the cadet category of the Youth League of BiH. Thestudywasperformed 9 variables was appliedto assess themorphological characteristics, 15 variables for the assessment offundamental motor skills and 12 variables for the evaluation of situational -motor skills.The main objective of this study was to determine the degree of correlation between morphological characteristics and basic motor skills with the results of situational- motor tests in football. To confirmthecorrelationbetween morphological characteristics and basic motorskills isa result of situational-motor tests in football has been applied to classical canonical correlation analysis (Bonacin 2010). Analysisoftheresults ofcanonical correlation analysis revealed that the investigatedproperties associated with three pairs of canonical factors statistically significant level of .001.

564-571

Authors: Milorad Đukić

Similarity between handball goalkeeper and tennis player is that training starts rather early, and the process of creation lasts for about 10 years. Essentially, similarity lies in individual training. The highest similarity occurs in a competition where the highest prospects of success are governed by individual performances. Accordingly, sports science is directed towards training methods. In sports sciences all champions are presented according to a champion model for a particular discipline, whereas all talents are presented according to the talent model for that discipline. Statistically speaking, champions and talents all have the same structural factor, but it is gradually developed in a champion and that it is still is not developed in a talent.

580-585

Authors: Obrad Tadić, Nebojša Malenković

In the past, present, an,d most probably, in the near futere, a serious social dynamic is happening. That dynamic has affected all segments of society, so as the fundamental social relations. If the fundamental social relations are seriously affected, it is inevitable that the ethical parametersa are affected, as well, while the business appears to have clear new form and new support. This imposes that it is needed for this new state of society to perceive, explain and predict changes that, as far as possible, avoid the negative and undesirable activities, and to more elaborate and propose a new, acceptable and promising norm.

591-597

Authors: Zoran Milošević, Nebojša Maksimović, Radenko Matić,Duško Bjelica

Physical education represents, on an ungrounded basis, one of the last oases of civilization survival of the contemporary man, which is realized within the framework of forced work and “culture” of consumption. Searching for the remaining sense of freedom, physical education is often a compensation for the lost beauty, sociability, and predominantly health. The value of all values in the darkness of overpowering media-consumption induced passivization of potential participants, commercialization of contents, as well as dehumanization of almost all forms of phenomena are characteristics of the time whose “achievements” require new foci and strategies in which even “remembering future” is a step further away from the misfortune of those who do not know what they want and catastrophe of those who do not know what they can. Remembering the outstanding forerunners from the other half of 19th century, especially the present actual proponents of “European values”, we can rightly ask ourselves a question “Do we have right to forget the values we used to cultivate, which saved our future”.