Ancient Sumy Land

20-33

Authors: Vlasenko V. M. PhD (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy State University

After the failing Second Winter Campaign of the Ukrainian People’s Army in November 1921, Ukrainian emigration understood the illusoriness of its quick return to the homeland. The leaders of emigration attempted to define their further condition. The question about unification of all emigrations under a slogan of creation of the independent Ukraine has arisen. The leader of Ukrainian emigration in Romania, the Head of the Extraordinary diplomatic mission of UNR in this country Kostiantyn Matsiyevych was one of the first, who favored reorganization of the Government and the State Center of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. He proposed to the President of the Directory UNR Symon Petliura to shorten the Government’s structure, reorganize it in accordance with the new matters, and to create the All-Ukrainian National Center, which will include the representatives of different political movements and parties. First of all, this center should solve the general emigration questions, for example, of cultural and educational character, and after to cope with political tasks. K. Matsiyevych discussed openly the question about convocation of the All-Ukrainian Congress and election there the All-Ukrainian National Center. He reported on this topic at several conferences of the Ukrainian emigration in Romania, addressed to Ukrainian organizations in Berlin, Warsaw, Vienna, Kalisz, Lviv, Paris, Prague and other centers of the Ukrainian emigration calling to create the public interest groups; he proposed the statute’s project of the All-Ukrainian National Center. The question of the Center’s residence - Bucharest, Warsaw, Prague and Paris was discussed together with S. Petliura. The President of the Directory UNR was considering Paris as the best place of stay for the All-Ukrainian National Center. But after the kill of S. Petliura in May 1926, the process of unity of the Ukrainian emigration became a little bit slower. In late 1920th, the unities of emigrations have been created on site. In June 1929, in Prague, the followers of the Government of the UNR in emigration convened the First Conference of Ukrainian emigration that contained the Ukrainian emigrants from 7 countries, including Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia. The main Ukrainian emigration board was elected. During its existence (till 1939) the senior executives were included D. Herodot, K. Matsiyevych, V. Trepke (Romania), V. Filonovych (the representative of the Minister for War of UNR in the Balkans). Early 1930th, the idea of convening of the All-Ukrainian National Congress began to broaden among the emigrants and western Ukrainians again. On August 5, 1933, in Prague, the initiative group of convene of the All-Ukrainian National Congress was created. The idea of convening of the All-Ukrainian National Congress was discussed in press and on forums of political parties, civil and cultural organizations. But it was postponed because of different points of view between organizations, which laid claim to the leading role in the Ukrainian movement. In December 1934, the crossparty conference was held in Lviv. Four political parties of the Western Ukraine (Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance, Ukrainian SocialistRadical Party, Ukrainian Social Democratic Party, and Ukrainian National Revival) and three parties of Greater Ukraine (Ukrainian Radical Democratic Party, Ukrainian SocialistRevolutionary Party, and Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party) took part in the conference. The URDP was represented by its leader K. Matsiyevych. The conference approved the decision to convene the All-Ukrainian National Congress. The object and the task of the Congress were defined, as well as its structure body was determined. The Preparatory Congress Committee (PCC) was created and included two departments - Lviv and Foreign. K. Matsiyevych was the member of the Foreign department of PCC; he participated all its conferences, as well as published in “Newsletter of the Ukrainian National Congress.” As per May 1936, V. Filonovych was chosen to the structure body of the Foreign committee of PCC. Some countries have established interorganizational congressional committees, including Romania. Such representatives as V. Trepke (the Head), H. Vlasiuk, D. Herodot, A. Ivapshyna and H. Porokhivskyi were a part of the Congress. Despite the numerous events for support, the All-Ukrainian National Congress was never taken place. The ambitions of some political parties and organizations outweighed the feasibility of holding a nationwide forum. In May 1938, the Foreign department of the PCC announced about temporary stay of its activity.

46-56

Authors: Kudinov D. V. Dr. (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education.

The publication is based on three original documents from the case The Correspondence with District Police Officers, Assistant Chiefs of Kursk Governorate Gendarme Department, the Prosecutor of the District Court Concerning Brining to Responsibility People Accused of Distribution of Revolutionary Leaflets, Appeals and Tracts from the Fund of Kursk Gendarme Department of State Archive of the Kursk Region. The materials themselves indicate wider geography of Ukrainian parties agitation during the Russian Revolution of 1905 and prove that its eastern border line coincided with ethnographic boundary of Ukrainian nation, part of which passed through the territory of former Kursk Governorate (now within Kursk and Belgorod regions). Combining these materials with other archive documents and historiographic sources, the author comes to the conclusion that the most probable source of propaganda was Sumy district, where a group of The Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP), headed by Anton Korotkevich, operated in 1905. The involvement of the RUP Okhtyrka group is also possible. It is also assumed that apart from the method of direct party agitation two other ways of propaganda materials distribution took place: firstly, through the agency of local groups of Russian parties, which made a union with Ukrainian national political organizations; secondly, ad-hoc, when Kursk peasants, who visited neighboring governorate, incidentally got hold of agitation literature. These two indicated means go for the distribution of the materials of the Ukrainian Social-Democratic Union (Spilka) and the Ukrainian Democratic Party, which didn’t have their own structures in the region and expanded their literature in Sumy district and nearby regions with the help of Russian organizations (The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, The Constitutional Democratic Party). The article provides a brief characteristic of agitation materials themselves together with an estimation of their relevance for peasants. Moreover, the list of populated localities where the police recorded the detection of Ukrainian parties proclamations is specified. The author expresses opinion that the quantity of populated locations was actually higher. Further explorations in Russian archives will allow to extend the idea about the scale of Ukrainian parties agitation, to define the names of agitators, their party or cell belonging and solve the question of whether Ukrainian propaganda resulted in organizational establishment of Ukrainian political organizations within Kursk Governorate.

69-79

Authors: Sosura L. G. post-graduate, M.P. Drahomanov’s National Pedagogical University (Ukraine)

The article is devoted to the occupation of Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov as a teacher and research scientist. Drahomanov fought by means of word against the monarch and the government, supported the undertaking in educational work in Ukraine, defended the opinion that every person has the right to study and to be an educated person. Mykhailo Drahomanov was a political figure, a political scientist, a researcher of the world and national history, a specialist in folklore and an ethnographer, a journalist and a literary critic. The main Drahomanov’s work that was devoted to the study of the activities of public schools is «National Schools in Ukraine». In this publication author has expressed his thoughts about upbringing and education. The merit of Drahomanov in the development of the Ukrainian language is, first of all, that he enriched it with expressive resources, intellectualized with terms, and thus brought it to the level of the official European languages. By his theoretical generalizations, he contributed to the affirmation of the literary Ukrainian language in its diverse functional status, accelerated its evolutionary development, and highlighted it as a part of wide-ranging public-cultural and pedagogical life of the Ukrainian nation. The main focus of the article is targeted on his pedagogical viewpoint, his influence on raising the cultural and educational level of Ukrainian people. His theoretical and practical activities are also covered.