Ancient Sumy Land

16-24

Authors: Lobko N. V. PhD (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy State University

History of World War I that due to its global consequences started a new stage of development of European civilization still draws attention of many researchers. One of the most interesting topics for researchers is the topic of war imprisonment during the World War I. Stay of prisoners of war in the territory of Ukraine is a scantily studied issue. That is why the author of the article aims to study living and labour conditions of the prisoners of war through the example of Lebedyn Povit of Kharkiv Province in 1915–1917. The author analyzed norms of international law and Russian legislation for regulation conditions of war imprisonment during the period of war. In addition, the author studied issues connected to the lack of labour force in different areas of economic activity during the World War I. One of the solutions was the wide use of labour of the prisoners of war. Attraction of the prisoners of war to farming and industry in Lebedyn Povit started in 1915 and lasted till 1917. The prisoners of war were sent to work at various organizations: farms, estates, sugar mills, loan societies, local hospitals, veterinary hospitals and feldsher stations, post houses, trade schools, food committees, and outpatient clinics. Using the archival sources kept in funds of the State Archives of Sumy Region, the author analyzed labour conditions, remuneration level, types of works completed by the prisoners of war. The author also described the main conditions of imprisonment and control of the prisoners of war. The author presented data of using labour of the prisoners of war in different areas of economic activity and showed that labour of the prisoners of war was an important economic factor under conditions of lack of labour resources at wartime.

35-47

Authors: Vlasenko V. M. PhD (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy State University. ScopusAuthor ID: 563-3026-3000, Orcid ID: 0000-0003-2220-2239.

The interwar Ukrainian political emigration in Bulgaria was formed as a result of several waves and flows of emigration in 1918-1922. The network of public organizations of Ukrainian emigration has been operating in the country. The most numerous and influential were the Ukrainian community in Bulgaria with branches in the province, the Ukrainian Cultural Association in Bulgaria and the Union of Ukrainian Organizations in Bulgaria. The first and third organizations were under the influence of the State Center of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, the second - the Ukrainian National Cossack Society and the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. The supporters of the former Hetman P. Skoropadskyi were also among the emigrants. The first periodicals “Ukraiins1e slovo” [Ukrainian Word] and “UkrainsBulgarski pregled” [Ukrainian-Bulgarian Review] appeared in 19191920 thanks to the Ukrainian Embassy (Embassy of the UPR) in Bulgaria. In 1922, the Ukrainian community in Bulgaria issued several numbers of the same name information sheet. At the beginning of 1931, supporters of the State Center of the UPR tried to publish the literary and scientific, popular magazine “Tobi Ukraiino!” [For you Ukraine!], but the money and the intellectual forces were not found. In the same year, the members of the Branch of the Ukrainian National Cossack Society in Bulgaria launched the newspaper “Na storozhi” [On Guard], which published twice a month. The editor - I. Orlov. Its pages contained the publications of the representatives of Ukrainian emigration and the Bulgarian community. In the first half of 1932, in Sofia, the newspaper “Nezalezhnist” [Independence] was published. It was a printed matter of the European Union of Ukrainian Organizations abroad. In the summer of the same year, its printing was relocated to Vienna. In March 1935, the Ukrainian-Bulgarian Community launched a bilingual magazine “Ukrainsko-bolharski vesti” [Ukrainian-Bulgarian News]. The world saw only one issue of the magazine. M. Arnaudov and M. Parashchuk were responsible for its release. The main focus of the magazine was Ukrainian and Bulgarian cultural ties. In 1937-1938, in Sofia, the magazine “Hurtuimosia” [Let’s Unite] was issued, which was previously published in Czechoslovakia. It was focused on the Ukrainian reader in the Balkan countries. Its co-authors are P. Romaniuk and V. Filonovich. The capital of Bulgaria saw two issues of the magazine. In the 1930’s, the members of the Union of Ukrainian Journalists and Writers abroad (Prague) were Ukrainian emigrants from Bulgaria - M. Nitskevych and V. Fylonovych.

64-76

Authors: Korol V. M. PhD (History), Sumy State University (Ukraine) Korol S.M. PhD (Politics), Sumy State University (Ukraine).

The article is devoted to the analysis of material living and social conditions of the students of Labour Reserves system institutions in 1943-1950. During the post-war reconstruction, the mentioned centralized system performed the task of ensuring the strategic sectors of Soviet economy by young workers. It was semi-military and also largely provided the function of social protection of juvenile. 76 СУМСЬКА СТАРОВИНА 2017 №LI Most students lived in hostels while studying. The state advertised the guaranteed right to free housing for students of Labour Reserves schools. There were quite high regulatory requirements for housing and equipment for dormitories. This circumstance was very positively perceived by young people. However, in practice, hostels often did not satisfy the established standards. The lack of furniture, soft equipment and fuel as well as problems of cramped spaces, lack of sanitation, poor social conditions prevented the normal functioning of dormitories. Poor living conditions were one of the main causes of escape from the studied educational institutions. The barracks regime reigned in hostels. Students lived on a very strict and clear daily time-table. Hostel superintendents and educators were present in the places of residence permanently to monitor the observance of the daily routine and strict discipline. They conducted morning and evening check-ups, gave commands for awakening and retreat, examined the appearance of students and their rooms. The research is based on materials from Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine and some Ukrainian regional archives.

88-100

Authors: Zvagelsky V. B. PhD (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine).

OR’S CAMPAIGN” (UNDER THE ASPECT OF HISTORIOGRAPHY) This work is devoted to the geographical problems of campaign of the Siversky troops to Polovets Steppe in the spring 1185. This campaign of Olgoviches, praised in “The Song of Igor’s campaign” and described in details in ancient Russian annals, more than two centuries attracts attention of the scientists, but many actual questions remain. The author offers on a lavish scale to use datum of the different chronological periods and the overlapping sciences, in the first place of archaeology and toponymy.

20-33

Authors: Vlasenko V. M. PhD (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy State University

After the failing Second Winter Campaign of the Ukrainian People’s Army in November 1921, Ukrainian emigration understood the illusoriness of its quick return to the homeland. The leaders of emigration attempted to define their further condition. The question about unification of all emigrations under a slogan of creation of the independent Ukraine has arisen. The leader of Ukrainian emigration in Romania, the Head of the Extraordinary diplomatic mission of UNR in this country Kostiantyn Matsiyevych was one of the first, who favored reorganization of the Government and the State Center of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. He proposed to the President of the Directory UNR Symon Petliura to shorten the Government’s structure, reorganize it in accordance with the new matters, and to create the All-Ukrainian National Center, which will include the representatives of different political movements and parties. First of all, this center should solve the general emigration questions, for example, of cultural and educational character, and after to cope with political tasks. K. Matsiyevych discussed openly the question about convocation of the All-Ukrainian Congress and election there the All-Ukrainian National Center. He reported on this topic at several conferences of the Ukrainian emigration in Romania, addressed to Ukrainian organizations in Berlin, Warsaw, Vienna, Kalisz, Lviv, Paris, Prague and other centers of the Ukrainian emigration calling to create the public interest groups; he proposed the statute’s project of the All-Ukrainian National Center. The question of the Center’s residence - Bucharest, Warsaw, Prague and Paris was discussed together with S. Petliura. The President of the Directory UNR was considering Paris as the best place of stay for the All-Ukrainian National Center. But after the kill of S. Petliura in May 1926, the process of unity of the Ukrainian emigration became a little bit slower. In late 1920th, the unities of emigrations have been created on site. In June 1929, in Prague, the followers of the Government of the UNR in emigration convened the First Conference of Ukrainian emigration that contained the Ukrainian emigrants from 7 countries, including Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia. The main Ukrainian emigration board was elected. During its existence (till 1939) the senior executives were included D. Herodot, K. Matsiyevych, V. Trepke (Romania), V. Filonovych (the representative of the Minister for War of UNR in the Balkans). Early 1930th, the idea of convening of the All-Ukrainian National Congress began to broaden among the emigrants and western Ukrainians again. On August 5, 1933, in Prague, the initiative group of convene of the All-Ukrainian National Congress was created. The idea of convening of the All-Ukrainian National Congress was discussed in press and on forums of political parties, civil and cultural organizations. But it was postponed because of different points of view between organizations, which laid claim to the leading role in the Ukrainian movement. In December 1934, the crossparty conference was held in Lviv. Four political parties of the Western Ukraine (Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance, Ukrainian SocialistRadical Party, Ukrainian Social Democratic Party, and Ukrainian National Revival) and three parties of Greater Ukraine (Ukrainian Radical Democratic Party, Ukrainian SocialistRevolutionary Party, and Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party) took part in the conference. The URDP was represented by its leader K. Matsiyevych. The conference approved the decision to convene the All-Ukrainian National Congress. The object and the task of the Congress were defined, as well as its structure body was determined. The Preparatory Congress Committee (PCC) was created and included two departments - Lviv and Foreign. K. Matsiyevych was the member of the Foreign department of PCC; he participated all its conferences, as well as published in “Newsletter of the Ukrainian National Congress.” As per May 1936, V. Filonovych was chosen to the structure body of the Foreign committee of PCC. Some countries have established interorganizational congressional committees, including Romania. Such representatives as V. Trepke (the Head), H. Vlasiuk, D. Herodot, A. Ivapshyna and H. Porokhivskyi were a part of the Congress. Despite the numerous events for support, the All-Ukrainian National Congress was never taken place. The ambitions of some political parties and organizations outweighed the feasibility of holding a nationwide forum. In May 1938, the Foreign department of the PCC announced about temporary stay of its activity.

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Authors: Kudinov D. V. Dr. (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education.

The publication is based on three original documents from the case The Correspondence with District Police Officers, Assistant Chiefs of Kursk Governorate Gendarme Department, the Prosecutor of the District Court Concerning Brining to Responsibility People Accused of Distribution of Revolutionary Leaflets, Appeals and Tracts from the Fund of Kursk Gendarme Department of State Archive of the Kursk Region. The materials themselves indicate wider geography of Ukrainian parties agitation during the Russian Revolution of 1905 and prove that its eastern border line coincided with ethnographic boundary of Ukrainian nation, part of which passed through the territory of former Kursk Governorate (now within Kursk and Belgorod regions). Combining these materials with other archive documents and historiographic sources, the author comes to the conclusion that the most probable source of propaganda was Sumy district, where a group of The Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP), headed by Anton Korotkevich, operated in 1905. The involvement of the RUP Okhtyrka group is also possible. It is also assumed that apart from the method of direct party agitation two other ways of propaganda materials distribution took place: firstly, through the agency of local groups of Russian parties, which made a union with Ukrainian national political organizations; secondly, ad-hoc, when Kursk peasants, who visited neighboring governorate, incidentally got hold of agitation literature. These two indicated means go for the distribution of the materials of the Ukrainian Social-Democratic Union (Spilka) and the Ukrainian Democratic Party, which didn’t have their own structures in the region and expanded their literature in Sumy district and nearby regions with the help of Russian organizations (The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, The Constitutional Democratic Party). The article provides a brief characteristic of agitation materials themselves together with an estimation of their relevance for peasants. Moreover, the list of populated localities where the police recorded the detection of Ukrainian parties proclamations is specified. The author expresses opinion that the quantity of populated locations was actually higher. Further explorations in Russian archives will allow to extend the idea about the scale of Ukrainian parties agitation, to define the names of agitators, their party or cell belonging and solve the question of whether Ukrainian propaganda resulted in organizational establishment of Ukrainian political organizations within Kursk Governorate.

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Authors: Sosura L. G. post-graduate, M.P. Drahomanov’s National Pedagogical University (Ukraine)

The article is devoted to the occupation of Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov as a teacher and research scientist. Drahomanov fought by means of word against the monarch and the government, supported the undertaking in educational work in Ukraine, defended the opinion that every person has the right to study and to be an educated person. Mykhailo Drahomanov was a political figure, a political scientist, a researcher of the world and national history, a specialist in folklore and an ethnographer, a journalist and a literary critic. The main Drahomanov’s work that was devoted to the study of the activities of public schools is «National Schools in Ukraine». In this publication author has expressed his thoughts about upbringing and education. The merit of Drahomanov in the development of the Ukrainian language is, first of all, that he enriched it with expressive resources, intellectualized with terms, and thus brought it to the level of the official European languages. By his theoretical generalizations, he contributed to the affirmation of the literary Ukrainian language in its diverse functional status, accelerated its evolutionary development, and highlighted it as a part of wide-ranging public-cultural and pedagogical life of the Ukrainian nation. The main focus of the article is targeted on his pedagogical viewpoint, his influence on raising the cultural and educational level of Ukrainian people. His theoretical and practical activities are also covered.