Revista Contexto & Saúde

011-019

Authors: Leticia A. Santiago, Sérgio Augusto Yukio Hissayassu, Paula Moura Del Comuni

Identify, through a national and international bibliographic review, the main factors that corroborate with the Early Maternal Weaning (WMD) in Brazil and the United States of America, and to establish a comparative analysis of these countries. Descriptive study, based on a review of the literature, from Portuguese and English, available in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Public Medline (PubMed) databases, published between 2003 and 2017, in the thematic area Sciences of Health. In PubMed, the descriptor Exclusive breastfeeding was used, being found 60 manuscripts. In SciELO, with the combination of the descriptors Breastfeeding and Weaning, it was observed 49 studies. It was observed that the mother’s return to the labor market was one of the main risk factors for WMD in both countries. However, in Brazil the legal support offered by maternity leave reflected in 41% of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EB) until six months, while in the US, the absence of this right led to a national average of only 8% for the WMD. The study showed that legislative support has a positive impact on the mother’s adherence to EB by collaborating in the interaction between the mother-child binomial, stimulating the practice of breastfeeding.

030-036

Authors: Tânia Regina Kinasz, Ana Laura Almeida Dias , Dálete Campos Mariano , Mayara Barbosa Lima

The objective was to analyze the generation of solid organic waste originating from plate waste by patients the as internment clinic and the type of diet of a university hospital in the Cuiabá city of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the factors that had contributed in this generation. An descriptive transversal study was carried. Were analyzed. 41 patients were questioned. For the calculation of the average portion meal of distributed and of the portion meal of plate waste the weight, method was used and as reference standard the rate of 20% for the plate waste. The index was determined by type of diet. For evaluation of the factors that, in the vision of the patients influence in the generation of solid organic waste happened of the plate waste ingestion questionnaire with open question was used. It was observed that the generation of solid organic waste originating of plate waste varied according to the consistency of the diets and clinics internment. Alimentary habits and preferences,sensation of gastric fullness, high portion, nauseous, inappetence, dinner time had been the cited reasons more for the rejection of the diet. The redefinition of per capita in accordance with the preparations, the redefinition of portions in accordance with the consistency of the diet for clinic internment and the standardization of the utensils and the execution of this standardization will be able to contribute for the reduction of the rate of organic waste originating the food wastage.

044-051

Authors: Caroline Topanotti Dagostin , Flavia Karine Rigo, Louyse Sulzbach Damázio

Colorectal cancer represents the most common malignant neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract and the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. It may be hereditary or sporadic, with the latter accounting for approximately 95% of cases. Several risk factors contribute to the development of this neoplasia, however, feeding seems to be the most influential factor, since it is able to modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding the feeding and triggering of colorectal cancer, the relationship of a high meat diet in the development of this pathology and to investigate the vegetarian diet acting as a possible prevention factor. The method is a narrative bibliographical review, based on original article searches and review. The high consumption of red and processed meat may be related to the appearance of colorectal cancer by causing changes in the microbiota, as well as producing N-nitroso compounds, polycyclic aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, compounds considered genotoxic. In addition, heme iron can elevate the synthesis of reactive oxygen species and stimulate the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds. However, vegetarian food may be able to prevent dysbiosis and keep the intestinal microbiota healthy due to the high consumption of plant foods that provide phytochemicals, antioxidants and anti-inflammatories, that is, potential anti-tumorigenic agents. In conclusion that through changes in eating and behavioral habits, it becomes possible to delay or prevent the onset of cancer.

014-019

Authors: Tainara Boito , Valeria Hartmann , Daiana Argenta Kümpel , Graziela De Carli

The objective of this study was to verify the adjustment of a menu in a municipal early childhood school in the town of Ibiraiaras – RS –, considering the recommendations of the National Food School Program. A transversal study was carried out through the evaluation of a menu offered to the children, according to the PNAE recommendations and the Qualitative Evaluation method of the Menu Preparations (AQPC). Yet, it was verified the acceptability by using the facial hedonic scale. It was observed that the menu offered to those children did not show the majority of nutrientes approached by the PNAE. According to the AQPC method, it was observed the daily servings of fruits and vegetables that are offered to the students and the little quantity of fatty meat and food which are rich in sulfur in their meals. The acceptability test was carried out with 61 children, of which the female prevailed (57%), in which they seemed to accept well the meals offered to them, showing an average of 87% acceptability. It is important to emphasize that the food offered in this school may influence positively the students’ school performance, since it improves their ability to concentrate. Despite having good acceptability, the menu offered to them must be reviewed for a better adequacy of macro and micronutrientes, according to the PNAE recommendations, so that they offer the necessary nutrients for the children’s adequate growth and development.

027-032

Authors: Francisco Regis da Silva, Ana Erbênia Pereira Mendes

The objective of this study was to describe body image, nutritional status and risk behaviors for eating disorders in a group of adult bodybuilders in Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The data were collected in three academies located in the city of Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, during the month of August of 2013 to September of 2014. Data collection was performed through the application of a semi-structured nutritional assessment protocol, containing information related to body perception and nutritional status. Data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, absolute and relative frequencies, variance and percentage) using the Microsoft Excel® program, 2010. A predominance of males (SM) was observed with 72% (n = 43); And 28% (n = 17) females (SF). Regarding the conception of the body image, 53.48% (n = 23) of the individuals of the MS declared to feel normal. However, it should be noted that 30.23% (n = 13) are not satisfied with their body image. With respect to SF, 41.17% (n = 07) considered themselves normal. However, 41.17% (n = 07) do not like their body image. Regarding the feelings expressed by the participants of the research, in addition to what they considered sufficient, it was observed that 39.53% (n = 17) of MS had no feeling associated with eating disorders, but 60.46% (N = 26) presented feelings, such as: guilty, distressed, upset and disgusted. It can be inferred that the study population has the risk of developing eating disorders, especially when analyzing the feelings developed in relation to “the act of eating a lot”.

039-045

Authors: Andressa da Silveira , Natalia Barrionuevo Favero , Júlia Heinz da Silva, Daniele Prochinski Rodrigues , Ana Paula Castro Caurio

To describe home care in the daily life of patients living in chronic health conditions. A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and documentary study. The data collection was mediated through the semi-structured interview, recorded in digital media, with 15 participants. The enunciations were analyzed from the thematic categorization. Changes in lifestyle, eating habits, medication intake and glycemic control and blood pressure are exalted in the daily care of patients living in chronic conditions. The daily life of these patients is permeated by the need for change to improve health conditions. Nursing and the interdisciplinary team should carry out activities aimed at daily care, promoting moments of reflection, sensitive listening, appreciation of the subjects and participation that will reflect in the commitment and adoption of healthy habits.

053-058

Authors: Gabriel de Palma Varela , Rafaella Zulianello dos Santos

Introduction: It is known that life expectancy has been increasing in the last decades and, concomitantly, the recommendations for a healthier lifestyle by the elderly. Among these recommendations is the practice of exercise, such as resistance training, which has drawn attention due to growing evidence of its benefits in this population. There is, however, a lack of studies in the literature that demonstrate the motivation of the elderly to practice of resistance training. Objective: To investigate the motivation for the practice of resistance training in the elderly in the city of Palhoça (SC). Methods: Applied, quantitative, descriptive, survey and cross-sectional research. The sample was non-probabilistic for convenience, composed of elderly people practicing resistance training in the city of Palhoça. For analysis of the motivation for the practice of resistance training was applied the Inventory of Motivation to the Regular Practice of Physical Activity and Sport (Imprafe-54). The instrument contains 54 questions divided into six domains: stress management, health, sociability, competitiveness, aesthetics and pleasure. RESULTS: Twenty-four elderly patients, mean age of 61.2 (± 4.9) years, who practiced resistance training for 10.3 (± 10.7) years and who attended the gym on average 4.3 (± 1.1) days per week. The dimension that most motivates the elderly to practice resistance training is health, to the detriment of the competitiveness dimension, which was the least cited evaluated. There was no significant difference between the sexes in any dimension. Conclusion: The main motivation for the practice of resistance training in the elderly of the city of Palhoça was the health dimension; already the least motivating dimension for this practice is competitiveness.

065-071

Authors: Fernanda Carolina Toledo da Silva , Lígia Maria Presumido Braccialli , José Pedro Ferreira

Physical fitness and health status are related to the regular practice of physical activity that provides better levels of cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, among other benefits, to physically active individuals. Adapted physical activity may help prevent contractures or deformities. The aim of this study was to verify the level of participation, physical activity and quality of life of Brazilians and Portuguese with physical disability. Participated in this study were 53 Brazilians and 67 Portuguese with physical disabilities aged between 19 and 59 years. Three questionnaires were used: PASIPD, WHOQOL-Bref and Participation Scale. Regarding the level of physical activity, the Brazilians reached the average score of 23.54 and the Portuguese 19.07 MET hr/d. Regarding the level of quality of life, the Portuguese obtained better scores than the Brazilians in all domains of the questionnaire. In the participation scale, the average of Brazilians was 16.29 and the Portuguese 19.40 points, both of which are in the second class: mild restriction. With this study it was identified that the level of physical activity and the level of participation of the Brazilians were better than those of the Portuguese. However, no statistically significant difference was found. Quality of life domains, Brazilians scored less than the Portuguese, and there was a significant statistical difference in the environmental and physical domains, indicating that the Portuguese perceive better their environmental and physical quality of life than the Brazilians.

079-090

Authors: Maria Rosa da Silva , Josineide Francisco Sampaio , Ewerton Amorim Santos

The Sorriso de Plantão Extension University Project is formed by students from several undergraduate courses, mostly from the health area. It seeks to promote the well-being of hospitalized children, to solve idleness and hospital stress. The objective is the identification of the competences and abilities of the members related to empathy and its contribution in professional training in health. A questionnaire was applied to know the profile of the group and used the Brazilian instrument validated Empatia Inventory (IE), data tabulated in spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed through inferential statistics in the SPSS program. All clown doctors working in 5 hospitals in the city of Maceió / AL were investigated between 2016/2017. It is verified that 51.6% are under 21 years and are more than two years in the project; 89.2% are health students and 84.9% are public institutions. It is observed members with high rate of Perspective Analysis (45,1); Altruism (31,3); Interpersonal Flexibility (31.3) and Affective Sensitivity (37.9) below in relation to IE normative data. Thus, the Project contributes with deconstructed teaching of traditional and differentiated, related to empathy, values, attitudes, human relations and professional training in health making relevant student participation in the period in which it participates in the project, improving or even developing the necessary ability to the future professional exercise chosen.

100-106

Authors: Guilherme Hammarstrom Dobler , Márcio Gonçalves Ferreira, Gustavo Henrique Mendes Bedendo , Fernando Silvério Ferreira da Cruz

The use of animals in research requires critical thinking, judgment and analysis, mainly because pain and stress are not easily evaluated in animals. However it is important to consider that they feel pain equal to humans. Objective: Review about laboratory animal anesthesia making appointments based in their specificity. Anesthesia in laboratory animals has as guideline to conduct the scientific experiments with the most rigorous mastery, in order to generate minimum stress to the animals and, on the other hand, to be able to collect data with excellence. Methods: This review arises from research in databases as Pubmed, SciELO and Bireme, and from literary review. Results and Discussion: The findings point to the main peculiarities among the species and techniques of anesthesiology used in the present. The main drugs and routes for use in mice, Wistar rats and rabbits have been described. The results found in this review confirm the need to understand the differences between the species and the pharmacological knowledge to perform the appropriate anesthetic management for each species.

114-119

Authors: Vagner Ferreira do Nascimento, Thalise Yuri Hattori, Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças, Ana Carla Ferreira Picalho

Objective: To characterize the violence deaths portrayed by the television media in Southwest Mato Grosso, Brazil. Method: Exploratory study, using a quantitative approach, using access data and public domain from a television news channel, open channel, based in the mesoregion of the Southwest of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Data collection was performed between June and October 2015, through daily recording of programs. Results: Violence deaths evidenced in this study were mostly of young men, mostly caused by gunshot wounds followed by firearms, usually occurring on weekends and at night. Conclusion: This situation directly implies a negative impact on society, especially on the country’s productive strength, on family disorganization, on increasing mistrust in interpersonal relations or on fomenting hostile behavior in the face of everyday conflicts.

127-132

Authors: Luciene da Silva Guedes , Bruno Silva Milagres, Stefan Vilges de Oliveira

The objective of this study is to update the epidemiological profile of hantavirosis in Brazil. For this, a descriptive and retrospective study of the reports of cases of hantavirosis was carried out to the Information System of Notification Diseases(Sinan) of the Ministry of Health from 2007 to 2017. There were 16,260 reports of hantavirosis cases at Sinan, where 8% were confirmed and the most affected regions are South, Southeast and Center West. The most affected age group was 20 to 49 years and males. The symptoms of the disease are nonspecific, where the most frequent was fever and the confirmatory diagnosis of cases occurred by laboratory tests. Most of the cases reported that the possible infection occurred in work activities, in the rural area and in the places close to the host’s habitat. Almost all cases were hospitalized, and deaths were around 40%. The data obtained reinforce the need to intensify surveillance of the disease in the country, with a view to reducing sickness and death due to hantavirosis.