Revista Contexto & Saúde

001-002

Authors: Leonardo José Gil Barcellos

Muito comumente escutam-se, no âmbito da universidade, reclamações sobre o nível de conhecimento e preparo dos nossos ingressantes na graduação. São deficiências de toda a ordem, destacando-se a incapacidade de interpretação e argumentação e o pouco empenho nos estudos. Sim, essas deficiências são de fato observadas. Mas a pergunta que devemos nos fazer é a seguinte: quem forma os professores que nos “entregam” esses alunos? Nós mesmos, universidade. Não raro, escutamos essas mesmas reclamações sobre nossos ingressantes no stricto sensu. Aí nossa responsabilidade, enquanto universidade, é ainda maior. Nós mesmos “entregamos” um estudante com sérias falhas de formação. Essas situações são parte de um mesmo problema e chamam para a reflexão sob nosso ensino superior.

017-022

Authors: Aline Henriques Perceval, Maria Luiza Bamberg, Laura Rahmeier, Emilene Araujo

Objective: To verify the prevalence of high obstructive sleep apnea in a group of night workers, and to describe their knowledge about OSA. Results: the mean body mass index of the individuals studied was 37.18 ± 4,48 Kg/m2, with the majority presenting grade II obesity. According to the Berlin questionnaire, 47.1% of the workers interviewed knew how to describe what OSA was. Discussion: it was found in our study that the extent to which age increases also increases the risk for OSA. None of the interviewees knew how to describe what OSA was and the lack of knowledge about this pathology elicited several problems related to it. Conclusion: 47.1% of the patients have high risk for OSA and all of them were older than 30 years and were included in the obese group. Of all those interviewed, no one could describe what AOS was, so little was its important.

032-042

Authors: Guilherme Emanuel Weiss Pinheiro, Luciane Prado Kantorski, Karine Langmantel Silveira, Priscila Borges Silveira, Ariane da Cruz Guedes, Michele Mandagará de Oliveira

Objective: identifying the activities and attributions of the therapeutic accompanying developed by nursing in a therapeutic residential service. Materials and Methods: it was performed semi-structured interviews, recorded and transcribed in full, with 12 therapeutic accompanists of nursing staff, from a therapeutic residential service of Rio Grande do Sul. The analysis of the data is based on the proposal of thematic analysis, being analyzed and systematized from the attributions and activities of the therapeutic accompanying. Results: it is observed that nursing professionals who makes up the staff of therapeutic accompanists of service have a huge caring potential and are endowed of essential characteristics to the social reinsertion of the subjects in psycho suffering. Conclusion: it is highlighted the importance of nursing as a profession, once its essence is in the care, which is fundamental to the practice in the mental health and meanly to the therapeutic accompanying.

058-065

Authors: Maria de Lourdes Custódio Duarte, Thanyze Axel Kjellin Galuschka

Mental disorders are a serious mental health problem worldwide and affect people of all ages, cultures and socioeconomic status. Among the innumerable strategies of support, insertion and encouragement of continuity of treatment for people with mental disorders, the groups in the community stand out. This study reports the experience of an academic of the Nursing course of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul linked to the extension project titled Extension Project ESF Pitoresca-Evolution Group, in the period of 2014 and 2015. It was evidenced that the mental disorders that Most commonly users of the group are those of anxiety, schizophrenia, depression and bipolar affective disorder. In this way, the ESF Pitoresca team together with the University understands this activity as an action that contributes to mental health care, being an activity that reinvents life in its most everyday aspect.

077-087

Authors: Anderson Zampier Ulbrich, Antônio Stabelini Neto, Rodrigo Bozza, Ricardo Amboni, Renata L. Bertin, Wagner Campos

The muscle power is reater to muscle fiber type II, glycolytic capacity and motor skills, but the anthropometric characteristics may be related to this ability. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between anaerobic peak power and thigh volume, as well as the association with others anthropometric variables. This study involved 28 male adolescents, practicing systematic basketball training, with a mean age of 15.16 ± 1.11 years in stages 3 and 4 of sexual maturation. Anthropometric measurements of leg and thigh, as well as the calculation of thigh volume were obtained by measuring the circumference and length following the protocol proposed by Sady. The anaerobic peak power was measured by Wingate test. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to sample´s characterization. Pearson's binary correlation test was used to verify the degree of correlation between thigh volume and anaerobic peak power. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to verify the correlation between anaerobic peak power and anthropometric variables. Significant correlations were found between the anthropometric variables and anaerobic power, and also a strong correlation between lean mass and thigh volume with relative and absolute power. By regression analysis the lean body mass determined 83% of the anaerobic power in these adolescents. The results indicates that anaerobic power is correlated to anthropometric measurements, and lean mass was crucial in anaerobic performance. Measurements of body lengths and their relation to other variables are relevant for future studies.

098-110

Authors: Geyce da Silva Sales, Fernanda Carneiro Marinho Nolêto, Tatiana Evangelista da Silva Rocha

The objective of this study was to identify the mothers' perceptions about the practice of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary feeding. Data collection took place from November to December 2016 and a semi-structured interview was used, with mothers being followed up by the Health and Community Center in the municipality of Palmas / Tocantins, based on guiding questions previously developed by the researchers. And subsequently transcribed for analysis of the results. Of the interviewees who had prenatal consultations, 73,91% mothers reported receiving guidance on the importance of breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Regarding the practice of the guidelines received in prenatal consultations, the most commented on by the mothers was about the Breastfeeding and the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months. The group related exclusive breastfeeding to the protection of the child's health, as well as the nutritional benefits of human milk, and despite receiving guidance and information during prenatal and gestational periods, it is possible to observe that mothers have limited knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age. In addition, the interviewees have an empirical knowledge when analyzing the perceptions about complementary feeding. There is a gap between the information being conveyed about breastfeeding and complementary feeding, which should be explained and more clearly worked out by health professionals in order to promote breastfeeding and complementaryfeeding more effectively.

121-131

Authors: Roberta Weber da Silva, Daniéli Gerhardt, Fabíola Dresch, Cynthia de Freitas Birkheuer, Mônica Jachetti Maciel

University students spend most of their time at university and use the snack bar as the main food suppliers. Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of microorganisms in different surfaces in food services in a higher education institution, as well assessment of the sanitary conditions of the sites evaluated. Methods: Two university lancherias were analyzed in six points: food production countertop, food delivery countertop, freezer puller, cutlery, box drawer puller and condiment sachets. The research included the analysis of total and thermotolerant coliforms, total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (CTBMA), molds and yeasts (BL), Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Bacillus cereus. The collections occurred in the months of March (28 °C) and May (17 °C) 2016. The investigation and identification of the conformities and nonconformities of the food preparation sectors in the snack shop was carried out by means of a Good Practices (GP) checklist for food services. Results and Discussion: In the hot period, Snack shop A presented microbial growth in the freezer handle (CTBMA and S. coagulase positive) and BL in the cutlery. In Snack shop B all the microbial growths (CTBMA, BL, total and thermotolerant coliforms and S. coagulase positive) occurred in the food production stand. In the cold period, in both snack shop, there was only the development of BL in the food production stand. In relation to the checklist, the general compliance results were 91.15% and 92.30% for snack shop A and B, respectively. Conclusion: The establishments presented levels of contamination higher than that of the American Public Health Association (APHA) (100 CFU/ surface), but the compliance was satisfactory. The research results reinforce the need for attitudes about improvements in the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the environment to ensure the safety of the food produced.

146-154

Authors: Patrick Leonardo Nogueira da Silva, Fagner Alves Cerqueira, Raphael Santos Ferraz, Maria Dolores Tiago Vaz, José Ronivon Fonseca

Introduction: parasitic infections are a serious public health problem in Brazil, especially among children, due to socioeconomic and hygienic-sanitary conditions. Objective: to analyze the parasitological prevalence in fecal samples of children from a public school in the State of Minas Gerais. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory, analytical, prospective study with a quantitative approach performed with 28 children aged 6-10 years from a public school. Feces samples were analyzed by the method of Hoffman, Pons and Janer. Results: it was observed that 78.5% (n=22) of the samples presented parasitological positivity in both sexes. There was an infectious prevalence of female children (n=18, 63.7%) in which they were six years old (n=14, 50.0%). The most prevalent species were Giardia lamblia (n=9, 31.8%), Entamoeba coli (n=6, 22.7%), Hymenolepis nana (n=6, 22.7%). Conclusion: The precarious conditions caused by the deficiency of public administrations mean that low-income families congregate in regions with little basic sanitation, making it easy to contaminate by parasites.

167-173

Authors: Maria de Lourdes Custódio Duarte, Liege Brum Porto, Danielle Celi Scholz, Odete Messa Torres

The present study aims to report on the experience of the Work Education Program (PET) Mental Health with emphasis on Crack, Alcohol and other drugs in a municipality in the South of Brazil in the year 2011. This program was attended by undergraduate students, preceptors of the Psychosocial Attention Center, tutor and collaborating professor who had the purpose of qualifying mental health care with professionals who work directly with people who use psychoactive substances. Challenges and potentialities were evidenced during the program execution period as a lack of professional qualification in the scope of chemical dependence, in addition to a restricted service network. Regarding the potentialities, projects to expand the network through partnerships between teaching and service are highlighted. It emphasizes the importance of this Program for teaching, service, management and community with a view to the global perception of the benefits and results generated in the meeting of propositional actions in the territory.

186-192

Authors: Nara Reisdorfer, Graciela Machado de Araujo, Laís Joana Nardino, Damaris Stoffel, Danusa Begnini

The aim of this study is to report the completion of a health education activity in the waiting room on the HIV issue. This is an experience report of an activity performed in a basic health unit composed of two ESF. The activity lasted about 30 minutes and took part in this, about 50 people. The educational activities in health favor the emancipation and collaborate to the user's autonomy, allowing this to be protagonist in the care of your health. Activities developed under this perspective become fundamental to achieve the principles of SUS. With the theme "Living with HIV is possible, with no prejudice", a play in the waiting room as a health education strategy was carried out. By adopting the theater as a health education strategy, the objective is knowledge sharing with the user seeking empowerment, which enables makes it active in their care process through the enhancement of their livings and knowledge. For the academic activities carried out consisted of a new experience providing opportunities for exchange of knowledge, learning and relaxing moments. The theater, as a health education strategy can be placed in care practices in primary health care as a means to make more attractive health issues.

200-214

Authors: Vanúzia Sari, Silviamar Camponogara

The current ecological crisis is a transformation of nature induced by the metaphysical, philosophical, ethical, scientific and technological conception of the world. Given the complexity of this crisis and the inexistence and/or inefficiency of strategies to combat it, including in the health area, it is important to reflect on the environmental concepts that influenced the actions of individuals involved in environmental education at hospitals. Objective: discuss the environmental conceptions for environmental educators of a hospital. Methods: Case Study qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, conducted between August 2011 and January 2012, in a large hospital group of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). It was based on semi-structured individual interviews involving nine people and closed by empirical saturation. The data analysis was performed using the Content Analysis. Results: 3 categories were created, considering the environmental concept. The first provides a systemic approach of environmental, including human being in a sense of global network. The second includes in environmental concept the man relationship with himself and others and with his workspace. The third consider in environmental conception the notions of reflexive modernity and risk society. Conclusions: the environmental educator has an expanded conception of environmental, but this research recommends to expand discussions on this topic, especially in nursing, in order to consider a social and environmental systemic approach, that will be able to recognize the influences of reflexive modernity.

231-242

Authors: Alana Scaravonatto, Dora de Castro Agulhon Segura

The blood transfusion is a vital and important therapy for many individuals, since the blood is a singular tissue that can´t be replaced by other substance, however the voluntary blood donation is the only source of provision. Although hemotherapy is indispensable to some clinical cases, and Brazil is considered a country of universal serological coverage, the blood recipient is subject to risk of contamination by transmissible infectious diseases via transfusion. In order to assure a higher number of blood donors and transfusion safety, besides inciting more volunteers to donate blood it is essential to reassess and improve the transfusion practices. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge about the relevance of the blood component donation, of the processes adopted as transfusion safety measure up to the destination of the blood to a recipient. For this purpose, 45 Physiotherapy students of sophomore year at Universidade Paranaense, Toledo – PR, participated in this survey, among them, 3 men and 42 women of an average of 20,3 years old (±3,4) years, volunteers, that answered a survey about the investigation of the knowledge about the act of the total blood donation. The results show 28,9% donors, most (38,5%) without specific frequency, 76,9% reported being aware about the action, 75% described themselves very knowledgeable, although some evidences inferred the opposite. Accordingly, it was possible to conclude that the researched issue must be discussed in further studies and that actions to clarify population about the blood donation are still necessary, assuring, this way, more safety and efficacy.