European Researcher. Series A

270-278

Authors: Kanat Azmukhanov

This article shows the social sphere, consisting of a set of industries that create a different product in the material form of advantage, and intangible, which ultimately provide for the needs of the individual: education, health, culture and sports, passenger transport and communication. Under the social sphere of the village should be understood part of the economic complex associated with the agricultural activity, which not only produces services that meet the needs of the population, as well as forms the management of the development of the mechanism of lifestyle and, finally, works to build a view of the future of vital subjects and forms of society. Such forms as the competitiveness of the rural population, its integration into the social space of the country and others. A modern rural economy in difficult conditions can achieve competitive advantages and high efficiency through greater adaptability and flexibility by attracting and retaining talented workers, whose knowledge, competencies and creativity are constantly expanding, increasing the intellectual level of the management system.

284-290

Authors: M.A. Elma Dedovic-Atilla, Senad Becirovic

The paper explores the representation of the human in William Blake´s poetry. In order to grasp depiction of humankind in all its depth, a number of constructs in close relation to the human image are being investigated including the role and nature of God, nature, animal world, as well as the place and illustration of the world of children and adults. All of the concepts are examined in regards to the poet´s dichotomist depiction of the concepts in his both earlier and later literary works, culminating in the ultimate reconciliation and reunion of the seemingly opposing perceptions within the later literary writings.

298-306

Authors: Fatima Kovačević, Amna Brdarević-Čeljo, Senad Bećirović

The importance of learning English as a second or foreign language has been globally recognized, as its presence is plainly evident in diverse areas, in the area of business and science in particular (Schütz, 2005). Thus, as a global lingua franca, the English language is taught as the first foreign language in non-English-speaking countries around the world, and likewise it is fairly widespread as a compulsory course in elementary and secondary schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the curriculum of the Ministry of Education, Science and Youth (Ministry of Education, 2016), the expected level of English language proficiency that students need to achieve at the end of their secondary education is B2+ (CEFR, 2001). With this in mind, this paper primarily aims to determine whether Bosnian secondary-school students reach the expected B2+ level of English language proficiency as well as whether there is any significant difference between female and male students in that respect. In order to gain a better insight into the grading practices, a correlation between the students’ proficiency level and the English language grade they obtain at the end of the academic year was also explored.

314-328

Authors: Suparna Wijaya, Dina Alifatul Ma’rifah

The Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) seeks to improve the satisfaction of taxpayers and all tax stakeholders in order to realize a high level of public trust in taxation services. In order to increase the level of compliance with the submission of the Annual Tax Return (ATR) of Personal Income Tax and the modern taxation system, DGT improves its services through e-filing. This study is aimed at analyzing the acceptance level of personal taxpayers for e-filing and finding out what factors affect the acceptance. The study was conducted by applying quantitative method. The hypothesis testing used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method and the processing used Lisrel 8.7 program. The research findings showed that the variables of compatibility and perceived ease of use have significant effect on perceived usefulness. Meanwhile, the variables of complexity, trust, and social influence do not have significant effect on perceived usefulness of taxpayers. On the other hand, the variable of social influences does not have significant effect on perceived usefulness of taxpayers. The variables of complexity and compatibility have significant effect on perceived ease of use. Meanwhile, the variable of perceived usefulness has significant effect on attitude towards using. However, it turns out that the variable of perceived ease of use does not have significant effect on attitude towards using. Conversely, the variables of attitude towards using, social influence, and facilitating condition have significant effect on behavior intention. Meanwhile, the variable of social influence which includes the role of the media, government, and tax officers in providing recommendations for the use of e-filing actually has effect on the taxpayer’s behavior intention. In addition, the variable of facilitating condition which includes hardware and software availability, ease of access to e-filing site, and assistance of tax officers also have significant effect on taxpayer’s behavior intention. Furthermore, the variable of trust does not have effect on taxpayer’s perceived usefulness and behavior intention. Finally, the variable of perceived risk does not have effect on taxpayer’s behavior intention.

188-193

Authors: Bakhytgul K. Alzhapparova

The article examines the views of agricultural scientists, shed lighted on during the discussion that unfolded on the eve of collectivization. The article explores the works of Soviet historians, economists and agrarians of the 1920s, who studied agriculture in Central Kazakhstan. The thesis that agrarians and economists in the late 1920s studied the issues of determining the geographical and territorial boundaries of Central Kazakhstan, considered the ways and methods of economic development of the region. Explores the works of N. Tagiltsev, N. Mackiewicz, P.G. Amosov, N. In. Pavlov, B. Nikolaev, Nikolaev, S.M. Freudenberg and others.It must be emphasized that the majority of these researchers recognize the adaptive nature of the agriculture of the Kazakhs, supported the view that the geographic conditions, poor soil and water are responsible for the agricultural structure of the region.

203-211

Authors: Vladimir Boranijašević, Slobodanka Kovačević-Perić

The enforcement action represents the stadium of the enforcement procedure in which the claims of the executive creditor are finally settled forcedly. Depending on the kind of claims which are settled, the enforcement is implemented by taking certain actions, or by implementing special methods for enforcement action. In certain situations the police assistance is necessary during the enforcement action. The public executive officer, as an institution implementing the enforcement, whose authority is the enforcement action in most of the executive legal matters, is authorized to ask for the police help, in accordance with the regulations of the Law on the Police. In cases when resistance during the enforcement action is anticipated, when some resistance has already been given during the previous attempt of the enforcement action, or if during undertaking executive actions there appear a need for elimination of a life or health danger for people or danger for property, there is a need for the police assistance during the enforcement action. The public executive officer is then authorized to request the police help, according to the legally regulated procedure. Situations in which there is a need for the police assistance during the enforcement action are analyzed in the paper. It is also pointed to the regulations connected with the procedure of request for the police help, and the legal rules about the urgent police help are analyzed. The authors also analyze the measures that the police undertake in the scopes of their authority in order to take the enforcement action, as well as the possibility of pausing the enforcement action on the request of the police when violation of public order or some broader violence is anticipated.

227-234

Authors: Vladan Jonić

The main goal of this research is to determine the motivational factors affecting employees at the Patria Hotel in Subotica (Serbia). In order to achieve this we conducted a survey in the hotel. The managers in each department distributed the surveys to the employees. All employees were randomly selected. Based on 50 surveyed employees who completed the questionnaire, our results revealed that there are significant differences between men and women when it comes to reasons why they chose this hotel as their workplace. Results further reveal significant differences between genders when it comes to main motivational factors in the workplace.

249-258

Authors: Roman V. Salny

The analysis carried out in the article makes it possible to trace the transformation of the images of a schoolboy, teacher and family relations on an Italian screen. The solution of this problem was facilitated by: the study of the cultural, social, political context and economic state; the analysis of ideology, including the influence of the Catholic religion on the cinema; analysis of genre stereotypes. The article describes the character of social and cultural transformations in Italy, their influence on child-parent relations, world view of schoolchildren and their attitude to traditions and values are analyzed. Historical examples are presented reflecting the change of ideology, the loosening of patriarchal foundations, the changing role of women, the sexual revolution, which had a tremendous impact on the image of a schoolchild’s in Italian cinema. Examples of representations by the authors of images of Italian schoolchildren in the cinema in various genre forms are given: from author dramatic to commercial comedian and erotic. The article concludes that over time, schoolchildren on the Italian cinema screen became more freethinking and selfish. In most Italian films, they expressed individual freedom in various forms of protest. In the 1960s, they resisted pedagogical influence and authoritarianism of teachers and parents. In the 1970s and 1980s, cultural prohibitions on the open expression of sexual desires were overcome. In the 1990s they demonstrated a subjective attitude towards moral principles, protested against "absolute truth".

61-67

Authors: Bakhytgul K. Alzhapparova

This article explores the writings of foreign historians, who studied the factors of the Kazakhstan tragedy of 1932-1933. Covered the structure and content of the research. Investigates the controversial questions of the history of collectivization in Kazakhstan, as reflected in a number of major monographic studies. Defended the thesis that despite the fact that these scholars hold different, sometimes diametrically opposite conceptual approaches, their research describes a representative source base, the solidity and thoroughness of coverage of this issue.

78-106

Authors: Alexander Fedorov

Object of study: the development of the theme of the image of France and French people in the Soviet and Russian screens. Subject of research: the evolution of the basic concepts and ideological stereotypes theme image of France and French people in the Soviet and Russian screens. Research objectives: to determine the place and role of the theme of the image of France and French people in the Soviet film industry compared with the trends of the Russian modern era; to study the cinematic, political, ideological, social, cultural context, the main stages of the project stated theme, direction, goals, objectives, concept interpretation of this topic in the Soviet and Russian screens; to carry out a comparative analysis of classification and ideology, content models, modifications of the genre, Soviet and Russian cinema stereotypes associated with the interpretation of the image of France and French people. As for the statistical data, it can be noted that the Russian cinematographers' attention to the French theme has increased significantly (about twice) in the post-Soviet period. So for the Soviet years, 128 films with French characters were staged, where as in the last 26 years (1992-2018) of such films 78 have been removed. With the dominance of the drama (75 drams in the Soviet period and 25 in the post-Soviet period), the share of films melodramatic genre (from 14 in the Soviet period to 20 – in the post-Soviet). Consequently, interest in French subjects in Soviet and Russian cinema is not accidental, which is understandable - the history of Russia and France is closely connected, and this is not only the history of wars, but also friendship, mutual attraction of cultures.

113-120

Authors: Mária Gregáňová

The aim of the research was to find out the different types of aggressiveness among sportsmen performing individual sports and then compare the results obtained among selected types of sports. The theoretical analysis of the aggressiveness issue was carried out on the basis of a literature study, which is also based on an empirical research. A standardized psychological questionnaire B − D − I, aimed at diagnosing aggression, was used to obtain the factual material. We analyse and compare the values obtained on the basis of the psychological questionnaire B − D − I and interpret the results obtained. For better clarity, we provide measured values in the form of tables and figures. In the subtest irritability the highest initial measurements (IM) were reached in the value 9,1 which indicates significant rise of the level of the given type of aggressiveness. One respondent belonging to the file B (cross-country skiing) and one respondent from the file D (fitness and body building) have this high extent of irritability. By testing the level of negativism and subsequent comparison of the median values between individual sets, we have achieved results that point to the dominant occurrence of this type of aggressiveness in the file C (cycling). The analysis of the results related to the occurrence of the level of resentment in the individual examined files showed the highest IM rate of 8.75. Such IM values were measured in two sets, namely in the group B (cross-country skiing) and D (fitness and bodybuilding).

126-131

Authors: Fazira A. Kakzhanova

This article is dedicated to the aspect category of the Turkic languages in diachrony, including the Kazakh language. The aspect category is not only the problem of the Kazakh language, but also it is the problem of Turkic languages. The aspect category is the most important category of the verb it determines propositions of sentences. A sentence is thought. In spite of this, language has objectively all prerequisites for having this category, the Kazakh language has no still the aspect category in the morphology of a verb. Our task is to trace the history of the aspectological thought in Turkic studies to find answers to the questions was or was not the aspect category in diachrony? Kazakh language as the representative of Turkic languages has several periods of its development: the Ancient period, the Eurocentrism, the Soviet and the new periods. The Eurocentrism period was the beginning of establishing the Kazakh language as a subject. Such a specific question as the aspect category was appeared later in the Soviet period of developing of Turkic languages.

144-152

Authors: Konstantin A. Minenko

In this paper analysis of references will be used to study scientific connections. We will analyze a work by a famous Russian historian Vladimir Ivanovich Guerrier named “Western monkhood and papacy”, part of which is dedicated to the life and works of Bernard of Clairvaux. Through the analysis of references in this work we will learn, which scientists have had the most impact on Guerrier while he was writing “Western monkhood and papacy”. Also, we will research the writings of these authors, their methodology and scientific background. This will help us to show, how the tradition of perceiving human history as a biography of great men influenced Russian historiographical tradition.

163-170

Authors: Gizem Saygili

The purpose of this study is to identify overall learning motivation of primary and middle school students. In this research study, the effect of such variables as gender, parents’ educational status, academic achievement, and grade level on primary and middle school students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels were investigated. This study has a descriptive model as it aims to reveal and explain the current situation in detail. The participants of this study were primary and middle school students from different schools in Isparta. The Motivation Level Detection Scale was administered to determine overall learning motivation of the participants. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis T tests were used to compare the mean scores with respect to variables. According to the results of the study, it was found out that the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels of the primary school students who participated in this study did not differ by their gender, academic achievement and their parents’ educational status.

176-184

Authors: Evgeniya V. Vidishcheva

Science and technological progress and sustainable development of information technologies, cause the improvement of all spheres of modern person activity. The traditional education system is also passing through major changes. Advanced technologies in education provide universal availability of world information resources, create new opportunities, in particular, in the system of distance education – one of the most perspective systems for training specialists. The article presents the results of the study of the formation process of the distance education concept, identifies the main methods of distance transmission of knowledge and skills, and identifies key risk factors and prospects for further development.

4-8

Authors: Jasminka Ahmetašević, Merdžana Obralić

This study investigates the predictors of novelty of product ideas. Conceptual approach based on the theory has been applied to provide better understanding of the relationship between transformational leadership and two knowledge creation modes (internalization, externalization), as well as the relationship between transformational leadership and novelty of product ideas. We conducted a systematic review of literature regarding the transformational leadership and novelty of product ideas and knowledge creation modes. In the previous literature authors explored the link between transformational lidership and knowledge creation without detailed focus on knowledge creation modes. Therefore, the main contribution of this research is that it is one of the first studies to explore link between transformational leadership and novelty of product ideas, having two important knowledge creation modes as mediators. The main finding of this paper is theoretical model which should be validated by future research in order to be confirmed. Considering nature of the model, it is recommended for future research to conduct validation of the model using structural equation modelling method as the one which will provide reliable conclusions. According to proposed model based on the literature, it is expected that internalization and externalization will be mediators of the relationship between transformational leadership and novelty of product ideas.

14-23

Authors: Filiz Katman, Zeki Şafak Toptaş

This article is about that nationalist ideology and ethnic conflict issue. The modern world system consists of nation states for that reason ethnic and nationalist disputes are quite significant. Moreover, disagreements about it create a threat for human life and the state to unity and its integrity. Today, around the world, billions life suffer from racism, religionist fundamentalism, ethnic and cultural discrimination. In this study will analysis basis of nationalism and trying to give a new vision about ethnic conflict problem. In the paper, presenting a broad framework from the origins of humanity to capitalism, religious and cultural group until the clash of civilizations.

34-41

Authors: Elena Muryukina

The article presents the results of gender analysis of development of subjects of school and university in the Soviet and Russian documentary and television audiovisual media texts of Men-heroes of the Soviet and Russian documentary and television audiovisual media texts on school and university topic have pronounced masculine characteristics: self-confidence, the desire for independence of their own attitudes, beliefs, actions, persistence, self-sufficiency. Depending on the topic of media text to meet the characters from the dominant male type to emphasized femininity. In the typology of female images N. Yakovleva highlights: hypersexual masculine, masculine, feminine, hypersexual feminine types. We found that hypersexual masculine and feminine hypersexual types do not reflect in Soviet and Russian documentary and television audiovisual media texts. The masculine type is found in the documentary films designed to promote, for example, in physical training and sports. The androgynous type widely represented in the Soviet and Russian documentary and television audiovisual media texts. in documentaries there are virtually no characters that meet the characteristics of a feminine type; the Russian television is reflected in the media texts, which are implemented at the local channels often owned by the universities.

50-57

Authors: Denis A. Pechegin

In accordance with the official forecasts of the development of the domestic economy (development Concept and security Strategy), the imbalance in world trade and capital movements will continue and may increase in the coming years, which will contribute to changes in the exchange rates of world currencies. The Russian Federation has set the goal of transforming the national currency into a leading regional reserve unit. Today, however, the full implementation of such plans is impeded by uncertainty in matters of currency and legal responsibility, including in the actively developing cryptosphere. Today, the draft Federal law "On amendments to the Federal law "On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation" and the draft Federal law "On amendments to the Federal law "On digital financial assets" provide for the formation of special platforms (crypto exchange, operators, etc.), however, do not regulate the liability of professional participants of the emerging new crypto market.