European Researcher. Series A

242-251

Authors: Galina A. Kharchenko, Marina Yu. Klischenko, Irina V. Grigorieva, Vladimir V. Kovalenko, Svetlana V. Semenova

Authors set the object, to study the factors influencing a choice of buyers of devices for carrying out inhalation on the basis of statistical processing of results of questionnaire of buyers, to analyze interrelation between the factors influencing a choice and purchase of the device and gender and age characteristics of potential buyers. The role of the doctor, worker of a drugstore, the Internet sites in the course of a choice, opinion of consumers of different age categories on the most preferable sources of information on devices for carrying out inhalation is revealed, preferences of buyers at a choice of a place of commission of purchase of devices for carrying out inhalation are defined. Feature of respondents of sources of information and making decision on purchase, female and male concerning use is shown.

271-282

Authors: Sergey A. Lebedev

The problem of the dynamics of scientific knowledge is one of the central problems in modern methodology of science. This problem involves three main issues. The first concerns the essence of the process of science: whether it is a gradual evolutionary change( i.e. expansion of the scope and content of scientific truths), or describes a more complex model with jumps, revolutions, qualitative differences in views on the same subject [14]? This question may be formulated otherwise: is the dynamics of science the process of cumulative or, rather, anticumulative (including the waiver of some previous scientific views as unacceptable the position of new theories)? [7]. The second question concerns the explanation of the dynamics of scientific knowledge: whether it is possible to interpret it by appealing exclusively to action intrascientific (internal) factors or you must recognize a significant impact on scientific knowledge of a number of non-scientific (external), in particular, socio-cultural, factors? [16;19]. The third question involves the search for general laws of development of scientific knowledge and specific patterns of development of different fields of science [6]. The answers to the above-formulated problem cannot be obtained without the involvement of the factual material of the history of science. But the appeal to history of science assures us that the dynamics of scientific knowledge science is not a purely logical process of the unfolding of the content of scientific knowledge, and cognitive changes that take place in historical space and time. However, it is equally clear that historical material always needs some philosophical interpretation, as can be rationale reconstructs in different ways [15].

293-314

Authors: Yuri A. Privalov, Michael I. Ojovan, Mikhail B. Loshchinin

The phenomenological model of labor, which assumes labor as some kind of imitation and as necessary but not sufficient condition for the creation of good, was suggested. The labor model is developed on theoretical base common with the model of collective. The formula of labor of survival collective happen to be the most general and may be considered as the generator of formulas of labor in towns and in wild nature. There were considered numerous consequences of labor model, including the difference between rural and urban labor, the historical disintegration of labor communities, the society self-heating, and the locked survival. The nature of non-linearity in models of labor and collective is discussed. The hypothesis that survival is locked but transition "survival-prosperity" is historically facilitated was justified. Demographic phase transition proposed by S.P. Kapitsa is confirmed by the model of locked survival. The fatal co-occurrence of completion of human population growth, displacement of population from villages to cities, and the collapse of households is explained.