European Researcher. Series A

1651-1661

Authors: Sribas Goswami

Coal mining is a development activity, which is bound to damage the natural ecosystem by all its activities direct and ancillary, starting from land acquisition to coal beneficiation and use of the products. This is so because environmental degradation has affected especially the common property resources such as land and water on which depend the subsistence and well-being of the local community. The study area being the foremost coal producing region of the country also ranked high in the record of environmentally degraded region. Huge areas in the Raniganj and Jharia coalfield in India have become ruined due to abandoned and active mine surface and underground mines. In open cast mines, waste resources are usually stacked as huge dumps in the surroundings. These, coupled with coal dumps, cause noteworthy visual impact. Large vicinity of forest, farming land, and pasture land has been transformed into colliery colonies or into uncultivated land due to rapid expansion of the coal mines. As a result, land use pattern has been changed considerably over last three decades. This study is pursued to assess the impact of coal mining activities on local community and environment.

1671-1676

Authors: Maksim A. Safonov

The article shows the results of a study of wood-destroying basidiomycetes on two species of elder trees (Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incan), growing in the South Urals (Orenburg Oblast). The comparative analysis of basidiomycetes on two species of elder trees was conducted. The reasons for structural differences of these complexes are discussed. It is consumed that the reason lies in growth conditions of the trees.

1682-1693

Authors: Muñoz González, Juan Muñoz, Vega Gea, Esther María, Figueroa Flores, Jorge Francisco

In this paper we propose Mind Mapping as a technique which enhances holistic learning or whole brain learning in higher education. The dynamics performed in the learning and application of Mind Mapping is part of a participatory approach in the classroom as an element of the learning process. The research approach follows a quantitative methodology. The results reflect the views of students about the learning of Mind Mapping and its effectiveness in the study. The findings indicate that mental maps can be used with any type of material, making it a tool applicable to any university degree course.

1707-1717

Authors: Ulysses Rodrigues de Castro, Antonio José Pacheco Palha, Nelson Rocha de Oliveira, José Carlos Amado Martins

Health care professionals suffer from both regular job stress and caregiver stress that arises from the neglect of their work situation. As principles of bioethics protection, vertical protection ratio, health policies should also target health professionals. So, this paper seeks to understand the issue of stress in relation to mental health professionals, specifically the community health agents of the Federal District in Brazil. Methods: This study is an exploratory study that adopts a quantitative approach. Data were obtained by a questionnaire, that mesure social, work and stress factors, in 97 community health agents, a different class of health professional. The SPSS 19.0 program was used to mesure the results. Results: The sociodemographic data of respondentes revealed that the majority were women, 40,2% of the group members fall in the age range 30‒39 years, 51% of respondents were married and 57.7% were of middle socioeconomic status. All Pearson correlations were significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed). The results show that all stressors are negatively correlated with the mental health factors. These results showed that mental health deteriorates with increased stress. The mental health indicators are strongly and positively associated, indicating that individuals with better mental health show greater personal, social and workplace support. Conclusions: The results indicate the need for management changes in the public health sector related to Bioethics Protection, which states that populations vulnerable to work exploitation should be protected by guaranteeing minimum working conditions.

1591-1599

Authors: Asmat Nizami Kyzy Azizova, Dilgam Bebir Oglu Tagiyev, Omar Mahammad Gyulalov, Khudayar Ismail Oglu Hasanov

Studied complexing ability of platinum (II) and palladium (II) with a time of personal gray-oxygen and sulfur-containing ligands donor nitrogens in different taniyah. A combination of functional groups. It is found that the complexation unimportant role nature of the starting metal salts, the pH of the medium, the nature of the solvent and the ratio of reactants. Determine the actual denticity tiodiuksusnoy, tiodipro propionic acid, mercaptoethanol, and bis -- hydroxyethyl sulfide. Discovered that a molecule entering the reaction of cysteamine origin walks splitting S–S communication and the resulting deproto-bined mercamine enter into complexation. In non-aqueous medium splitting S–S communication occurs.

1611-1619

Authors: Alexandr A. Lobanov

This article provides an analysis of methods for digital modeling in the area of Earth Sciences. The author illustrates the difference between digital modeling in radio communication and that in the area of Earth Sciences. The article examines the integration aspect of digital models, demonstrates the advantages of digital over analog models, and illustrates that digital models are discrete. The author outlines the characteristics of digital modeling and illustrates the logical structure of digital models.

1628-1644

Authors: Mihail N. Dudin, Nikolaj V. Lyasnikov, Aleksandr S. Senin

Subject/topic. One of the key elements in managing the operating activity of organizations is managing expenditure, since expenditure, which is payments that need to be effected to be able to engage and retain economic resources, is one of the major factors that determine the organization’s financial results, the cost-effectiveness of capital investments, and, ultimately, the cost of the business. Aim/objectives. This work aims to investigate into the impact of the structure of the product’s prime cost on the indicator of the product’s cost-effectiveness. Methodology. In putting this article together, the author employed such methods of analysis as legal, comparative, economic-statistical, and correlational. Inferences/significance. The practical significance of this work lies in that the author fine-tunes the concept and composition of the prime cost of products and establishes equations for simple linear regression between the share of costs in the composition of the prime cost and the level of cost-effectiveness of the product across various types of economic activity in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2012. Knowing the share of costs in the structure of the product’s self-cost across various types of economic activity in the RF in 2012, we shall be able to use the derived models to assess the average level of the product’s cost-effectiveness.

1491-1498

Authors: Swati Tyagi, Neelam Garg, Rajan Paudel

The subject of environmental economics is at the forefront of the green debate: the environment can no longer be viewed as an entity separate from the economy. Environmental degradation is of many types and have many consequences. To address this challenge a number of studies have been conducted in both developing and developed countries applying different methods to capture health benefits from improved environmental quality. Minimizing exposure to environmental risk factors by enhancing air quality and access to improved sources of drinking and bathing water, sanitation and clean energy is found to be associated with significant health benefits and can contribute significantly to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals of environmental sustainability, health and development. In this paper, I describe the national and global causes and consequences of environmental degradation and social injustice. This paper provides a review of the literature on studies associated with reduced environmental risk and in particular focusing on reduced air pollution, enhanced water quality and climate change mitigation.

1514-1522

Authors: Ena Kumbara, Ali Göksu

In the free market consumers are faced with a different variation while they making purchase decision. Brand as a term, name, and symbol gives quality and satisfy needs of consumers and on that way assure self recognition. Main objective of this study is to determine the factors which influence consumers to buy international brands rather than national brands. This study has four independent variables and one dependent variable. Data for this study will be collected using online surveys based on the previous researches about brand equity and its dimensions. Sample for this study were 214 respondents form the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analyses these data are measured. Results of this research will give benefits to marketing professionals in Bosnian industries where they can try to understand consumers- whether brand equity and its dimensions affect their purchasing decision and does that effect have negative or positive impact. Contribution of this study is reflected in that Bosnian manufacturers and sellers can better meet consumer’s wishes and needs, possibilities of potential consumers in this strained economy.

1532-1545

Authors: Danil M. Matveev

Poor efficiency in the use of land, labor, finance and other resources available is characteristic of Russia’s agriculture at the present stage. In most subindustries, the country has not yet achieved the production volume of the early 90s. In the last decade there was a positive trend marked to update logistics and intensify innovative advance in the agriculture, the processes being actively supported by the state, but this did not result in appreciable improvements of the agriculture competitiveness in the global food market. During the study it is revealed that the industry credit debt has gone up three-fold over the past 7 years that made up 1.43trillion rubles versus 112 billion rubles of revenue in 2012. The authors propose a technique to attract private investments in the agriculture of Russia and economic-organizing mechanism to realize it. Hereto, a considerable part is played by state regulation, particularly to provide investment-back guarantees in the event that a project-implementing agricultural organization goes bankrupt. To hold up, the authors consider a number of investment projects implemented by one of the Russian Federation entities which demonstrate their effectiveness both for the investors and the state. Employing the data obtained from the study will allow to largely increase the rates of technical and technological re-equipment of the industry, improve its investment attractiveness and competitiveness based on innovations and this will provide the country's food safety and gross domestic product growth.

1551-1560

Authors: Şerife Özlen

Investment analysis should be carefully performed in stock markets. Therefore, firms take necessary actions according to stock market behavior and macroeconomic variables. Therefore, the predictability of stock market determinants becomes important. This study aims to identify the effects of selected macroeconomic factors (interest rate, exchange rates, inflation-consumer price index, current account deficit, unemployment rates and sector indices) on stock returns of selected 48 companies in 11 different sectors of Istanbul Stock Exchange including electric, food, communication, paper, chemistry, metal-main, metal-product, stone, textile, commerce and transportation sectors. The study employs ARDL approach on the period between the second month of 2005 and the second month of 2012 including 85 monthly observations. According to the results, Sector Indices are found to be quite influential through the selected sectors. Exchanges rate is also significantly influential on almost all the sectors except Communication and Textile sectors. The impacts of Interest Rate, Inflation Rate, Current Account Deficit, and Unemployment Rate are various through the selected sectors. Moreover, the influence of Istanbul Stock Exchange Market on the stock returns of considered companies is significantly clear through the sectors except six companies (two companies from Paper sector, one company from Metal-Main sector, two companies from Stone sector and one company from Textile sector) out of 48 companies. Since it includes a wide range of companies and sectors, this study is expected to be useful for all policy makers and investment decisions.

1423-1436

Authors: Dmytro Kudinov

The keenness and acuity of the agrarian and peasant question, which should be conceived as conscious problem of land scarcity, legal status of peasant social stratum, of peasant agrarians and peasant labourers made political parties at the beginning of the 20th century to work out their visions of crisis situation overcoming in the countryside. The necessity to be armed with own opinion on this matter concerned both Russian and national parties in the Russian Empire. The author suggests reviewing agrarian concepts of various parties as the measure of their referring to either to left wing or liberal political parties. Such concept statement is investigated in frames of historiographic discourse with involvement of original documents, which permits to make sense of the stated issue. The participants of the historiographic dialogue are mostly represented by contemporary scientists, who study the agrarian components of Ukrainian parties platforms at the beginning of the 20th century.

1440-1447

Authors: Dmitrii V. Matveev

The article is focused on the features and difficulties of the construction of the first four steamers: Astrabad, Graf Vronchenko, Ural and Kura at Kamsk-Votkinsk Ironworks. It took seven years to launch shipbuilding construction.

1453-1463

Authors: Lilya R. Vegera

The article investigates socio-political activity of V.P. Naumenko (1852-1919) – an outstanding representative of the Ukrainian intelligentsia of the late XIX – early XX century, politics, philologist, publisher, teacher. The scientist's career was developing under the influence of liberatory ideas during this period. The numerous works of eminent historians, who were contemporaries of V.P. Naumenko and researchers late XX – early XXI century, evidenced about it. Analysis of documentary materials proved that the impetus for an active social life of Vladimir Naumenko was family upbringing where service people attached great importance. The University of St. Vladimir in Kiev, where he was enrolled like a free listener in the 1868 had significant impact on the formation of personality and socio-political position of V.P. Naumenko. Scientist's activities in Kiev society where he held «right» liberal wing played an important role in his socio-political life. Vladimir Pavlovich along with other members of the «right» wing did not mind the ideas of socialism, but they treated them as a distant prospect. V.P. Naumenko saw the path to this ideal in peaceful reforms. V.P. Naumenko was also an active member of the liberal-democratic union – Ukrainian common nonpartisan democratic organization (UCNDO). Soon Vladimir Pavlovich stepped back from this participation, because in the early twentieth century the organization began to acquire a political character. Thus, the article analyzed V.P. Naumenko's socio-political activities and elucidate his role in the political process since the middle of the XIX century till the 1917 revolution.

1473-1479

Authors: Alexandr M. Vetitnev, Anna A. Torgasheva

The paper presents demand indices for health tourism, obtained by studying consumers’ Internet searches in search systems during the last 2 years. The most popular health tourism destinations with the Russians, such as Sochi, Anapa, Kislovodsk, Crimea, were detected. The Internet users display activity has no significant seasonal fluctuations.

1301-1309

Authors: Solomon Kebebew, Ketema Belete, Tamado Tana

The study was carried out to evaluate the productivity of maize - soybean intercropping system and to identify the best combination that maximize productivity of the system. Maize hybrid (BH540) at 44,444 plants ha-1 and three soybean varieties (AFGAT, Awassa-95 and Crawford) in a factorial combination of three planting densities (25%, 50% and 75%) of the recommended population density of soybean with the respective sole of each variety of component crops were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Sole cropped maize grain yield (3189.80 kg ha-1) was non-significantly greater than intercropped (2753.70 kg ha-1) by means of 13.67%. Soybean seed yield of 1993.61 and 747.48 kg ha-1 was obtained from sole and intercropped soybean, respectively. In all combinations, LER was greater than one justified that a yield advantage of (14-32%) and (6-28%) as depicted by LER 1.14-1.32 and 1.06 -1.28 due to varieties and planting densities, respectively. Generally, as LER was superior in all intercrops evaluating that the productivity of maize-soybean intercropping showed a higher relative yield advantage of 32% over sole cropping. The GMV of the intercrops was increased with an increase in planting density of soybean. Furthermore, the GMV of intercrops (ETB 12176.00 per ha) was greater by means of 41.05% over sole cropped maize whilst lower than that of soybean sole cropped GMV by ETB 3772.90 per ha or 23.66%. However, MA had not significantly varied due to varieties and planting densities and cropping system. In additive intercropping system, maize intercropped with Awassa-95 at 50% planting density showed a yield advantage of 23.71% over sole cropped maize.

1323-1332

Authors: Sidra Ghazanfar, Zhang Qi Wen, Muhammad Abdullah, Majid Latif

The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness and perception of farmers of Pakistan about the crop insurance. This study was conducted in two tehsils of RajanPur district of Punjab province of Pakistan. Using various statistical tools like arithmetic mean, standard deviation, counting, percentage and analysis of variance, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS. A five-point Likert scale was also used to measure different variables. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents i.e. 64.17% respondents were aware with the term “crop insurance” while the understanding level with crop insurance varied among those who had general awareness about crop insurance i.e. only 29.87 % respondents among those who were aware claimed that they understand well about crop insurance. The major sources of awareness about crop insurance were found to be friends/coworkers and financial institutes. Climatic risk and crop diseases were declared as the most important risks faced by respondents in the study area. There were found considerable misperceptions about crop insurance among farmers i.e. majority of the farmers declared the crop insurance as a scheme which does not compensate their losses as it should be and as well as a kind of a tax which can reduce their income as well as they believed that it is only designed for a specific group of farmers i.e. large scale farmers. Farmers believed that a crop insurance plan with low premium and offering maximum compensation against losses can be acceptable to them. Using ANOVA and CHI SQUARE test, it was found that education and landholdings were significant with the level of awareness while age was not found to be significant with awareness. Before launching crop insurance plans in Pakistan and to make such scheme more successful, government institutes related to agriculture can create awareness among farmers about crop insurance and take steps to reduce the misunderstandings and misperception which exist among the farming community. Offering of maximum subsidy from Government of Pakistan can attract the farmers towards crop insurance.

1351-1356

Authors: Dina Orazymbetova

At the current stage of development, Kazakhstan’s regional policy is called on to ensure the formation of favorable conditions and factors for building up the internal and external competitiveness of regions, ensuring the territorial concentration of labor and capital resources in centers of economic growth, and boosting the regional employment rate and the quality of life of the republic’s citizens. This has been reflected in numerous state programs, which this article is going to examine. The author concludes that reducing the differentiation between regions is possible only through the formation of centers of economic growth.

1367-1375

Authors: Muhammed Kürşad Özlen

Continuous changes in technology, economic, social and psychological understandings and structures have influence on both Human Resources and their management. Organizations approach their human capital in a more sensitive way in order to win the loyalty and commitment of them, while increasing profit and maximizing the efficiency/effectiveness of its work power. Human Resources Management helps achieving these goals by recruiting, training, developing, motivating and rewarding employees. Therefore, the identification of current research interests is essential to lead them in defining organizational human resources strategies. The main purpose of this research is to identify top rated factors related to Human Resource Management by analyzing all the abstracts of the published papers in a Human Resource Management journal from the beginning of 2005 till the end of 2012. As a result of analyzing the keywords of all abstracts, the frequencies of the keyword categories are identified. Except the keywords related to Human Resources (17.6%), it is observed that the studies for the period consider the following: Employee rights and their career (18.3%), management (14.6%), contextual issues (10%), organizational strategies (9.5%), performance measurement and training (9.5%), behavioral issues and employee motivation (5.7), organizational culture (5.4%), technical issues (4.1%), etc. It should be noted that the researchers (a) mainly stress on practice more than theory and (b) consider the organization less than the individual. Interestingly, employee motivation is found to be less considered by the researchers. This study is believed to be useful for future studies and the industry by identifying the hot and top rated factors related to Human Resource Management.

1387-1400

Authors: Dalila Salkanović, Mersid Poturak

Consumer ethnocentrism comes up as tendency to purchase domestic products instead of foreign once. This kind of behavior can be directly linked to every country’s prosperity. Ethnocentric consumers, purchasing domestic products, see as their own contribution to economic, social and political development. Purpose of this study is to analyze consumer perceptions about local products consumption and its effects on community-building in BiH. It also explored the potential to expand local markets for local food and products. Sources of local food products include (but may not be limited to) farmers markets, and grocers who carry local foods. A descriptive research methodology was used for this study. As the survey instrument questionnaire is used to collect data from local community. 320 responses were further analyzed with SPSS program, using descriptive statistics. Final outcome give detailed picture of local products consumption by learning about the expectations of consumers and understanding the kinds of contributions that local products make to the community. Results showed that consumers in BiH are showing ethnocentric behavior while purchasing products, respondents generally perceive domestic products to be of good quality but while purchasing they are putting quality in front of domestically produced products.